社會行動學說 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shèkuàihángdòngxuéshuō]
社會行動學說 英文
social action theory
  • 社 : 名詞1 （共同工作或生活的一種集體組織） organized body; agency; society 2 （人民公社） people s co...
  • 會 : 會構詞成分
  • 行 : 行Ⅰ名詞1 （行列） line; row 2 （排行） seniority among brothers and sisters:你行幾? 我行三。where...
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 說 : 說動詞（說服別人聽從自己的意見） try to persuade
  • 社會 : society
  • 行動 : 1 （行走; 走動） move about; get about 2 （為實現某種意圖而活動） act; take action 3 （行為; 舉動...
  1. Secondly, the core conception of cognitive towards information science is " human as essence ", and bring forward that the information system is one that can boost up and magnify the existence value, ability and specialty of " human ", and provide users a system which is active and unforced, rather than force users to arduously adapt system. thirdly, from the visual angle of cognitive, information - seeking or information - using is a kind of cognitive behavior in essence. fourthly, cognitive style is the development trend of future information retrieve system, it can reveal the thinking - process of users during retrieving on - line, in order to help users to develop their knowledge configuration

    首先，認知觀可集成情報科學的相關領域，從而為形成統一、有效的情報科學提供體系結構；第二，情報學認知觀把「以人為本」作為它的核心觀念，提出情報系統設計的任務是要設計出增強和放大「人」的存在價值、能力和特長的系統，使提供給用戶的情報系統是一種積極自然，而不是要求他們花力氣去適應的系統；第三，從認知角度來看，情報查尋和利用從根本上說是一項認知行為；第四，認知風格將是未來情報檢索系統的發展趨勢，這樣可以揭示聯機檢索過程中的用戶思維過程，以便有助於用戶知識的發展；第五，知識的進化與認知活動有密切關系，人的知識結構對外來信息的吸附、同化、選擇、建構和實現社會化的過程，其實就是知識的進化；第六， 「知識結構」將成為情報學認知觀研究的重點。
  2. Although economic and population specialists and scholars both in abroad and at home have made extreme progress on research the question of rural labor since they studied it very long ago, as far as china is concerned, based on the following three aspects, firstly, the national condition of our country determined that the foreign theory such as lewis theory might instruct us but we ca n ' t use these theories without rectification ; secondly, in china, our research about this question prefer the qualitative analysis to the quantitative analysis ; thirdly, the research on the labor utilization and shift in this specific area, that is, in the mountainous rural area which covers 69 % of our mainland and occupies 56 % of population is absolutely scarce in present ? to make up for the three deficiencies, this paper selects the econometrics analysis, uses investigation data and by virtue of tsp software, establishes a model where shift labor is the dependent variable and the citilization ratio, industrial structure, the income gap between city and country, the rural infrastructure construction, the labor ' s aptitude and the population ' s natural growth ratio are the variableso through economic, statistical and econometrical test, the conclusion is attained : the income gap between city and country and the citilization ratio are the two most important fectors which affect the labor ' s utilization and shift in mountainous rural area -, the rural infrastructure construction and the labor ' s aptitude are the two relative important factors which affect the labor ' s utilization and shift in mountainous rural area while the rural industrial structure and the population ' s natural growth ratio are the two least important factors according to this, this paper puts forward several suggestions that the income gap between city and country, citilization ratio, rural education, rural industrial structure and agricultural mechanization should be carefully treated with on studying the question of labor utilization and shift in mountainous rural area. finally, this paper points to several suspending problems about this research in order to get the concern of specialist and scholars

    盡管國內外經濟和人口學方面的專家與學者很早就開始了對農村勞動力問題的研究並取得了極大的進展，但是，我國在研究農村勞動力問題時，基於三點：其一，我國國情決定了國外的理論例如劉易斯理論，雖然對研究我國的農村勞動力問題具有指導意義，但卻不能照搬這些理論；其二，從國內看，我國對該問題的研究重視定性分析而定量分析明顯不足；其三，缺乏對我國占國土面積69 、人口56的山區農村這一特殊區域內的勞動力開發利用及轉移的專門性研究。為了彌補這三個缺憾，論文採用經濟計量學的數量分析方法，利用實際調查資料，藉助tsp軟體，建立了以外出勞動力數量為被解釋變量，城市化率、農村產業結構、城鄉收入差距、農村社會基礎設施建設、農村勞動力素質以及人口自然增長率六個變量為解釋變量的模型，通過對該模型進行經濟學、統計學、經濟計量學三個方面的檢驗，得出如下結果：城鄉收入差距和城市化率是影響山區農村勞動力開發利用及轉移的最重要的兩個因素；農村社會基礎設施建設和農村勞動力素質是較為重要的兩個影響因素；而農村產業結構和人口自然增長率相對來說是較不顯著的影響因素。據此，本文提出了在研究山區農村勞動力開發利用及轉移問題時，應慎重對待城鄉收入差距、城市化水平、農村勞動力素質、農村產業結構、農業機械化五個問題。
  3. It showed the feasibility of this activity course, so this course can be spread to the instruction in students of the junior years of elementary school

    通過訓練前後的對比，發現兒童社會觀點采擇能力得到了顯著的提高，說明了該活動課程的可行性，可在小學低年級中予以推廣。
  4. Corporate system is a typical form of the modern enterprise system ; it is the result of modern market economy and the large - scale socialized production. because of the limited risk and the unlimited benefit, it greatly stimulates the investor ’ s enthusiasm and strongly promotes the development of contemporary society. corporate capital is the “ blood ” on which a company should live, the material base for management of a company, and property foundation for a company ’ s responsibility

    公司制度是現代企業制度的典型形態，是現代市場經濟和社會化大生產的產物，它以投資者風險責任的有限性和資產受益的無限性極大地刺激了投資者的積極性，快速地推動當代社會的發展;公司資本是公司賴以生存的「血液」 ，是公司經營的物質基礎和公司對外承擔責任的財產基礎;現有法定、折衷和授權三種資本制，英國、美國等實行授權資本制，德國、日本、韓國等最初實行法定資本制，因實踐中存在的問題越來越多，先後改法定資本制為折衷資本制;近年來，就實施何種公司資本制度最有利於公司的發展成為大家關注的問題，學者們眾說紛紜，並沒有達成一致意見。
  5. To explore and make clear the background factor of the behaviors, the dynamic relationship and cause - effect relationship between organizational politics perceptions and consequential behaviors. this paper, based on the five theories related to power at different levels, personal perspective, strategy contingency theory, social exchange theory and structural theory. there appear several problems in the development of key disciplines and processes of crossing and assimilating of subjects, including system tie, the character of scientists, the problem of administers, which influence the development and construction of subject, through abstracting, summarizing and based on “ swot ” analytical model from the theory strategic competition by michael baud, we divide organizational politics behaviors in the organizational development of college subjects and crossing and assimilating of subjects into several sorts : including ( 1 ) offensive model ( 2 ) defensive model ( 3 ) strengthening model ( 4 ) shrinking model

    為探索和理清重點學科組織政治行為的背景因素，組織政治知覺與后續產生的組織政治行為的動態關聯性與因果關系，本研究以五種不同層次與權力相關的理論，即個人特質理論觀點（ personalperspective ） ;策略權變理論觀點（ strategycontingencytheory ） ;沖突理論觀點（ conflicttheory ） ;社會交換理論觀點（ socialexchangytheory ） ;結構化理論觀點（ structurationtheory ）為基本理論依據，將重點學科學科發展以及學科交叉與融合過程中出現的諸如體制束縛、科學家自身素質、管理層問題等影響學科建設與發展的共性現象進行提煉、總結，並依據「邁克爾?波特」的戰略競爭理論學說中的「 swot 」分析模型，將大學學科組織發展及學科交叉與融合中存在的組織政治行為進行提練歸類，分為（ 1 ）進攻型; （ 2 ）防守型; （ 3 ）增強型; （ 4 ）退縮型四類政治行為。
  6. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  7. The two categories have different directions. the dividend based on traditional finance is based on efficient market hypothesis. the dividend based on behavioral finance lead the psychology into the theory to explain the dividend policy 。 the dividend policy based on emh ( the efficient markets hypothesis ) face puzzle : 1 dollar cash dividend has no difference with 1dollar capital gain, in fact the investor pay no attention to the listed firms which do not distribute dividend. why so many listed firms make the decision to distribute dividend even cash dividend is taxed by 20 % and stock dividend is exemption from tax. why the price of the stock rise when the company make the decision to distribute dividend. the dividend policy based on emh do not rationally explain the puzzle of dividend

    通過尋求西方傳統和現代股利理論的研究軌跡，本文認為公司股利理論體系可以劃分為基於標準金融學的股利理論和基於行為金融學的股利理論兩大類。兩者的研究出發點和研究角度各有不同。標準金融學的股利政策理論是建立在有效市場假說和理性經濟人基礎之上的，而股利行為理論則引入社會學和心理學等學科的研究成果來闡釋和論證股利政策，從微觀個體的行為以及產生該行為的更深層次心理、社會動機來解釋、研究和預測個體心理決策程序對股利政策的影響以及如何運用心理學和金融原理來改善決策行為。
  8. Social action theory

    社會行動學說
  9. The legal and political social sciences took over the humanities and the communication style expressed social action

    法政社會科學替代了人文學，成為指導社會行動的言說模型。
  10. The thesis gives a macro explanation and grasp which is based on theoretical foundation, social surroundings and developing trend, explains the possibility and necessity of its appearance and discusses the developed process of its object which covers not only real property but also all asset. the author analyzes beneficial weight, systematic ideal and legal values, then clarifies that the legal system needs profound juristic basis. by using the method of comparative analysis, the author expounds the requirement of applicable conditions in other countries and analyzes its deficiencies in the contract law of people ' s republic china

    本文首先從該制度產生的理論依據、社會背景以及發展趨勢上，對其進行一個宏觀了解和把握，說明其產生的可能性和必要性以及適用對象由不動產向一切財產轉變的發展過程；其次通過利益衡量、制度理念、法律價值三個方面的分析，闡明該制度的存在有其深厚的法理學基礎；又運用比較分析的方法，闡述各國在其適用條件上的要求，分析我國合同法有關此方面存在的缺陷；再就該制度適用后所產生的法律效果，分別分析三方（所有人、出租人、承租人）之中每兩方之間的法律關系與單純的買賣關系、租賃關系在權利義務上有何不同；然後將其適用范圍擴大，類推適用於融資租賃和他物權；最後提出完善我國買賣不破租賃制度的立法上的建議。
  11. On the basis of the former history studies the first chapter discusses tentatively the historical form of scientific school. the second chapter discloses the abundant and multiply connotation of the scientific school, moreover, epitomize the features of the scientific school. the third chapter analyses the running mechanism and the conditions which influence the emergence of the scientific school to demonstrate the mutual relationship between science and society

    本論文的主體部分劃為五個章節：第一章從歷史學的角度對科學學派的歷史形態進行初步考察；第二章揭示科學學派內涵的豐富性、多維性，對其本質特徵進行分析概括；第三章分析科學學派的形成條件和運行機制，以闡明科學與社會的互動關系；第四章從主要方面論述了科學學派的社會功能；第五部分聯系我國科學界的現狀，說明構建我國科學學派的迫切性。
  12. The first is to consider the origin of the value neutrality of science, then pointing out a reasonable remark about the value neutrality of science. the second is to analyze the value loaded of science from three aspects about essence of science, that is, science is regarded as an system of knowledge, an activity and a social constitution. because science is regarded as a piece of knife with two blades, abuse of science will be able to bring the negative role

    首先，從科學的價值中立的淵源來考察，給科學的價值中立說一個合理的評價；其次，從科學本質的三個方面：科學作為一種知識體系；作為一種社會活動；作為一種社會建制，對科學的價值負載進行具體的分析；最後，由於科學普遍被認為是一把「雙刃劍」 ，科學的濫用會帶來負面作用，所以，本文從倫理的角度對現代科學的價值進行考量：一、科學的職業倫理與科學研究的倫理原則；二、對科學的價值負載倫理的反思；三、科學家的社會責任。
  13. With the retrospect and critique of the existing firm theory, this paper analyses the possible faults of each school ' s theory, which includes the theory of smith, marx, new classical and neo - institution, and utilizes the historical data to analyze the relation between the firm ' s boundary and income, and classifies the direct and indirect income of the firm to establish a new function of the firm ' s boundary which can explain the changes of the firm scale and the effect of the perfecting institution diminishing the transaction cost and raising the efficiency of the society action

    論文首先對現有的企業理論進行了批判性的回顧，逐一分析各學派包括斯密、馬克思、新古典以及新制度學派的理論可能存在的不足和缺陷。在此基礎上，論文利用歷史數據分析企業邊界與企業收入之間的關系，區分顯性收入和隱性收入，建立新的企業規模函數。在證明新的企業規模函數的合理性的基礎上，論文利用這一函數解釋企業的變遷，說明制度的完善將降低交易費用，提高社會活動的效率，並且認為隨著制度的完善、個人目標和社會目標的趨同，共產主義社會並非是遙不可及的夢想。
  14. Due to different national conditions and background, the manifestation of government failures differ from one country to another. in general, however, according to western scholars, this concept includes three layers of basic meaning : first, the policies the government implemented are incapable to realize the public - expected social goal ; second, the government conduct features high cost and low efficient ; third, government ' s influence bring about new market failures and social injustice

    由於國情不同，政府失效的表現形式具體到每個國家有所不同，但西方學者認為，一般說來，政府失效包括三層基本意思：政府實施的政策和行為不能實現預期的社會公共目標；政府活動的高成本和低效率；政府作用的結果帶來了新的市場失靈和社會不公。
  15. Compared with the “ law in action ” by american jurists or the concept of law by anthropologist of law, the living law has communicating meaning and shows the dissimilarities

    通過比較可以發現， 「活法」與美國法社會學家通說的「行動中的法」以及法人類學家提出的法概念既有相通的一面，又有明顯的區別。
  16. Section 2 is the formation of service - consume model. firstly, it illustrates the necessity and possibility of the formation of the new model, then, it describes the formation of the model from the elements and relations in behavior and concludes that service - consume model is such a model that market mechanism is taken as the basis mean of distributing resource and schools exchange educational service with the students, at last, it introduces the function of the model

    本文從背景依據、國外經驗和國內現狀兩方面的分析，說明服務消費模式的出現有其必要性和現實可能性；然後重點介紹模式的建構，從模式中的各要素行為和要素在行為過程中所形成的各種關系進行分析，說明服務消費模式是以市場機制為配置資源的主要手段，學校以自己的勞動產品? ?教育服務和作為消費者的學生在教育服務市場上進行等價交換、平等交往的模式；最後介紹該模式的社會功能。
  17. " sociology ( in the sense in which this highly ambiguous word is used here ) is a science which attempts the interpretive understanding of social action in order thereby to arrive at a causal explanation of its course and effects

    （社會學是一門旨在對社會行動進行詮釋理解，從而達到對其之過程和後果的因果性說明的科學。 ）
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