種系發生樹 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zhǒngxìfāshēngshù]
種系發生樹
英文
phylogenetic tree-
The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of f. limnocharis was detailedly compared with those of 5 other amphibians. the nucleotide sequences of 22 trna encoded by 6 amphibians mitochondrial genomes were combined and aligned to the homologous sequences of the 11 veterbrate taxa. using teleosts as outgroup, the phylogenetic analyses results show that mp, nj and ml trees all strongly support the monophyly of living amphibians with respect to other living tetrapods and favor a sister group relationship for caecilians and salamanders
我們在測定了澤蛙線粒體全基因組序列的基礎上，與已知其它的5種兩棲類進行詳細的比較分析，同時選擇了11種高等脊椎動物的線粒體全基因序列，以硬骨魚類做外群，用22個trna基因合併數據進行系統發生重建分析，結果表明mp 、 nj和ml樹都強力地支持現生兩棲類動物為單系群並且蠑螈類和蚓螈類為姐妹群關系（自引導值分別為92 、 99 、 100 ） 。2. 5 ul of 10 x reaction buffer, 1. 5 ul 25mm mgcl2, 0. 3 ul lomm dntp, 0. 5 ul taqdna polymerase ( 5 u / ul ), and lul ( = 20ng ) of primer were used in per reaction. each reaction was overlaid with one drop of paraffin oil. the initial denaturation step was used at 94 for 1 min 45 sec ; then denatured at 94 for 30 sec, annealed at 37 1 min, extended at iv b 72 for 2 min and repeated the cycle 45 times, at last, extended at 72 ' c for lomin
等（ 1995 ）利用rapd標記區分美國東部一雜交地帶的蟋蟀的兩個姐妹種， allonemobiusfasciatus和a . socius ，並於1998年使用rapd和異型酶標ic做出了這兩種蟋蟀的基因連鎖圖；國內田英芳、鄭哲民（ 20of ）首次將rapd技術運用於蟋蟀總科的分子系統學研究中，採用2種引物對7種蟋蟀進行了基困組dna多態性研究，並應用upg問a法構建樹狀圖，椎測系統發生關系This paper expounds the development and variation of the forestry science ， forest and forestry neally in past two cen turies the forestry science in itself goes through a transformation from traditional forestry science to modern forestry s cience. the modern forestry science, with the object of studying the establishment ， manageme nt and exploitation of the forestry ecosystem and the core of developing the eco logical environinent functi on of the forestry ecosystem ， is a subject that takes an overall play to the mul tiple benefits and function of forest. the cognition of forest also undergoes a variation from a single tree to trees g roup and still to forest ecosystem due to the deep alteration of the understand ing of forestry science and forest ， people begin changing their understanding of forestry from a central for m of timber utilizing which formed for a long time to a form that takes developi ng the ecological environment function of forestry ecosystem as its core and fo cal point ， and takes an overall play to the ecological ， economical and social function of forestry as its leadi ng thought and aim ， so as to realize the sustainable development of forestry
論述了林學、森林與林業近兩個多世紀以來的發展和變化.林學經歷了由傳統林學向現代林學的轉變.現代林學是以森林生態系統的營建、經營管理和利用為研究對象，以發揮森林生態系統的生態環境功能為核心，全面發揮森林的多種效益和多種功能為目的的學科.對森林的認識也經歷了由單株樹木到樹木群體到森林生態系統的變化.由於對林學及森林認識的深刻變化，人們對林業的認識也就從長期形成的以木材利用為中心，轉變到以發揮森林生態系統的生態環境作用為核心和重點，全面發揮森林的生態、經濟和社會功能作為林業的指導思想和目標，以實現林業的可持續發展This dissertation is chiefly act below work : ( 1 ) expatiating the equipments diagnosis technique development process and trend, putting forward the standpoint that giving systematical diagnosis to the mechanical and electrical equipment and expanding the technical application in equipment diagnosis, making it breakthrough the traditional application of maintaining etc. in equipments, still be used for improvement and development etc. s of new product ' s design ; ( 2 ) probing into vibration type and disposal method of vibration signal, the usual method of equipment condition recognition, the essential constitutes and development trend of observation and diagnosis system ; ( 3 ) introducing the development trend of domestic and international crusher and the distinguishing feature of double turnplate stike crusher which is a new product. according to the breakdown phenomenon in running process, establishing the fault tree and deducing every kind of foundation affairs resulting in fault ; ( 4 ) studying the calculation method of critical rotation speed
本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）闡述了設備診斷技術的發展過程及發展趨勢，提出了應結合實際對機電設備進行系統診斷的新的技術思路，用實踐證明了應當拓寬設備診斷技術應用的范圍，使設備診斷技術既可以在設備管理和設備維修中得到應用，也可以用於新產品的設計改進及開發等； （ 2 ）探討了振動的類型及振動信號的處理方法，設備狀態識別常用的方法，監測與診斷系統的基本構成與發展趨勢； （ 3 ）介紹了國內外破碎機的發展趨勢，以及雙轉盤沖擊破碎機這一新產品的結構和特點，並根據試機過程中出現的故障，建立了故障樹，並導出了導致故障發生的各種基礎事件； （ 4 ）研究了臨界轉速的計算方法和原理，用傳遞矩陣法計算出了破碎機內轉盤的臨界轉速。Network forensics is an important extension to present security infrastructure, and is becoming the research focus of forensic investigators and network security researchers. however many challenges still exist in conducting network forensics : the sheer amount of data generated by the network ; the comprehensibility of evidences extracted from collected data ; the efficiency of evidence analysis methods, etc. against above challenges, by taking the advantage of both the great learning capability and the comprehensibility of the analyzed results of decision tree technology and fuzzy logic, the researcher develops a fuzzy decision tree based network forensics system to aid an investigator in analyzing computer crime in network environments and automatically extract digital evidence. at the end of the paper, the experimental comparison results between our proposed method and other popular methods are presented. experimental results show that the system can classify most kinds of events ( 91. 16 ? correct classification rate on average ), provide analyzed and comprehensible information for a forensic expert and automate or semi - automate the process of forensic analysis
網路取證是對現有網路安全體系的必要擴展，已日益成為研究的重點.但目前在進行網路取證時仍存在很多挑戰:如網路產生的海量數據;從已收集數據中提取的證據的可理解性;證據分析方法的有效性等.針對上述問題，利用模糊決策樹技術強大的學習能力及其分析結果的易理解性，開發了一種基於模糊決策樹的網路取證分析系統，以協助網路取證人員在網路環境下對計算機犯罪事件進行取證分析.給出了該方法的實驗結果以及與現有方法的對照分析結果.實驗結果表明，該系統可以對大多數網路事件進行識別（平均正確分類率為91 . 16 ? ） ，能為網路取證人員提供可理解的信息，協助取證人員進行快速高效的證據分析Branch - - the graphical representation of an evolutionary relationship in a phylogenetic tree
分枝- -在種系發生樹中，物種演化相互關系的圖示。Bifurcation ? ? the graphical representation in a phylogenetic tree of an evolutionary eciation event whereby an ancestral taxon lits into two
分歧點? ?在演化的種形成事件中，物種由相同來源一分為二，其在種系發生樹中的圖示點。Bifurcation - - the graphical representation in a phylogenetic tree of an evolutionary speciation event whereby an ancestral taxon splits into two
分歧點- -在演化的種形成事件中，物種由相同來源一分為二，其在種系發生樹中的圖示點。The systematic and synthetic description and review of lianas, chiefly in tropic, are described and reviewed in this paper, in which some ecological questions of lianas are included distributed as follows : ( 1 ) the conception and significances of lianas ; ( 2 ) liana flora and its distribution in the world ; ( 3 ) its biological characteristics ; ( 4 ) its ecological characteristics ; ( 5 ) its abundance ( density ) and species - richness in tropical forest ; ( 6 ) the ecological significance of lianas - aggregation in gap and the variance of its abundance in the process of forest succession ; ( 7 ) the relationship between lianas and trees ; ( 8 ) the positive and the negative contribution of lianas to tropical forest ; ( 9 ) the types of climbing mechanism of lianas and its competitive predominance ; ( 10 ) global climate - variance ( co2 increase ) promotes abundance of lianas to increase, and some ecological consequence are resulted from which
摘要對藤本植物（以熱帶為主）研究的動態與發展進行了綜述，其中包括： （ 1 ）藤本植物的概念及重要性； （ 2 ）藤本植物區系和分佈； （ 3 ）藤本植物的生物學特性； （ 4 ）藤本植物的生態學特性； （ 5 ）藤本在森林中的多度（密度）及種的豐富度； （ 6 ）藤本在空地上聚生的生態意義以及它們在森林演進過程中的消長； （ 7 ）藤本與樹木的相互關系； （ 8 ）藤本對森林正面和負面的影響； （ 9 ）藤本的攀援方式類別及其競爭優勢； （ 10 ）全球氣候變化（ co2濃度增高）促進藤本優勢度增長並導致不良的生態後果。This thesis focuses on techniques of dynamic fault tree in system reliability modeling and its qualitative and quantitative analysis. it studies bdd solution for static sub trees 、 markov chain solution for dynamic sub tree briefly and the modularization of dynamic fault tree ; presents the algorithm for top event occurrence rate of dynamic fault tree based on weibull distribution. then this thesis presents a new approach to solve top event occurrence rate and a new generation algorithm of minimal cut sequence of dynamic fault tree that deviate from markov model completely
本文著眼于動態故障樹在系統可靠性建模及定性定量分析中的技術，研究了基於bdd的靜態子樹分析方法、基於馬爾可夫模型的動態子樹分析方法以及動態故障樹模塊化方法，並提出了基於威布爾分佈的動態故障樹頂事件發生概率計算方法;提出了一種完全脫離馬爾可夫模型的求解動態故障樹頂事件發生概率的方法和一種最小順序割集的生成方法。Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映With the comparison of potential ravine and real ravine, it can reflect the developing tendency of ravine in this area. through positioning with gps and investigation in this area, we can divide the potential ravine of this area into three forms, that is parallel ravine area steep ripe ravine area and evenness swamp area. it can provide scientific reference for forest management and tree planting, and it is a new theory to prevent soil and water loss, and carry through the ravine controlling by people
在數字化生成的帽兒山地區dem基礎上，通過二次開發生成的潛在溝系，具有與現實溝系高度的吻合性，並通過與現實溝系的比較，能客觀的反映出該地區溝系發生、發展的趨勢，藉助于gps的定位及實際踏查研究，可將帽兒山地區的潛在溝系劃分為平行溝系區、陡坡顯溝區和平坦沼澤區三種類型，可為合理的森林經營和植樹造林提供科學的借鑒，並為防止水土流失，進行溝系治理提供了新的理論依據。On the loess plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. even - aged stands of robinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. the results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root ( < 3mm ) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, indicated that the value of on northern exposition was more than 0. 982, while the value of on southern exposition was less than 0. 982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth of robinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. and the distribution depth of fine roots ( < 1mm ) was deeper than that of thicker roots ( < 3mm ), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree
在中國西北黃土高原地區，水分是樹木生長發育的主要限制因子.根系分佈特徵由於反映了樹木對環境條件的利用程度而具有更加特殊的生態意義.本研究選擇陽坡和陰坡不同立地上年齡一致的刺槐林調查了根系分佈特徵.根系垂直分佈特徵的調查結果表明，在所有立地上，根系生物量隨著深度的增加而降低，其中細根的分佈深度大於粗根的分佈深度.方差分析結果表明:不同立地上不同徑級根系的分佈特徵也有明顯的差別，粗根是差異存在的主要原因，陰坡立地上的根系生物量，特別是細根生物量大於陽坡立地上的.對根系消弱系數的分析結果表明，陰坡立地上的根系消弱系數大於0 . 982 ，而陽坡立地上的根系消弱系數小於0 . 982 ，說明陰坡立地上刺槐根系的生物量在深層土壤中的分佈相對量更大一些.其中細根的根系消弱系數大於粗根的，這種根系分佈特徵有利於根系對深層土壤水分養分的吸收利用，進而促進樹木地上部分的生長發育.圖3表3參15Abstract : on the loess plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. even - aged stands of robinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. the results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root ( < 3mm ) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, indicated that the value of on northern exposition was more than 0. 982, while the value of on southern exposition was less than 0. 982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth of robinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. and the distribution depth of fine roots ( < 1mm ) was deeper than that of thicker roots ( < 3mm ), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree
文摘:在中國西北黃土高原地區，水分是樹木生長發育的主要限制因子.根系分佈特徵由於反映了樹木對環境條件的利用程度而具有更加特殊的生態意義.本研究選擇陽坡和陰坡不同立地上年齡一致的刺槐林調查了根系分佈特徵.根系垂直分佈特徵的調查結果表明，在所有立地上，根系生物量隨著深度的增加而降低，其中細根的分佈深度大於粗根的分佈深度.方差分析結果表明:不同立地上不同徑級根系的分佈特徵也有明顯的差別，粗根是差異存在的主要原因，陰坡立地上的根系生物量，特別是細根生物量大於陽坡立地上的.對根系消弱系數的分析結果表明，陰坡立地上的根系消弱系數大於0 . 982 ，而陽坡立地上的根系消弱系數小於0 . 982 ，說明陰坡立地上刺槐根系的生物量在深層土壤中的分佈相對量更大一些.其中細根的根系消弱系數大於粗根的，這種根系分佈特徵有利於根系對深層土壤水分養分的吸收利用，進而促進樹木地上部分的生長發育.圖3表3參15In this paper, a broad literature has been reviewed germplasm resources and ecology character, plant biology and biochemistry and exploitation prospects of resource
本文比較系統地綜述了翅果油樹的種質資源、生態學特性、植物生物學和生物化學以及資源開發和應用前景。China mindong san qiu electric machine co., ltd. is a modern enterorise with generating set generators, motors and electric pumps as its main products, and the establishment of modern enterprise system as its goal. san qiu people adhere to the policy of “ live by quality and develop by variety ”. based on the local advan - tages, the enterprise is bold in putting thinges into practice and blazing new trials. it strictly carries out iso9001 management system and tries to create first - calss product brands. it has strong technical forces, and its products include 20 series and more than 200 specifications. all of them are well receiced in over 10 countries and regions such as southeast asia, the middle east, africa, south america, etc
中國閩東三球電機有限公司是以發電機、發電機組、電動機、電泵為主導產品，以建立現代企業制度為目標的新型企業，三球人堅持"以質量求生存，以品種求發展"創一流品牌，立足地方優勢，勇於創新，嚴格實行iso9001管理體系，擁有雄厚的技術力量，樹立企業形象，領導市場潮流的管理方針，日前公司產品已有二十個系列二百多個規格，並遠銷東南業、中東、非洲、南美等十多個國家和地區，深受用戶青瞇。Phylogenetic tree is a kind of typological structure for describing the sequence and relationship of species revolution
系統發生樹是描述物種進化順序和進化關系的一種拓撲結構。Combo locks etc which can be used for entrance, bathroom, passage, storeroom, masterkey, keyed - alike, construction etc. in 2005, zhongshan fuyu invested heavily in its new factory building and newly imported, top quality automated manufacturing machinery, which enlarged it with punching, die - casting, polishing, cylinders manufacturing and assembling production lines and with an area of 20 thousand square meters about 600 staff
我司是專業生產中高檔鎖具的名優企業，在近幾年飛躍式的發展中，公司不斷更新先進生產設備，增聘優秀管理和技術人才，努力完善產品的科研開發生產管理質量控制和售後服務體系，以1000多個品種的高品質產品樹立起「富宇」 ， 「 lokin 」品牌的良好口碑。The latest issue of new horizons also covers outstanding and adventurous achievements of hkbu academic staff and students, including a us patent granted for a silicon - based led project conducted by staff and students of science faculty ; the innovative efforts and services initiated by hkbu community in the battle against sars ; and the story of lui tsz - lok, a journalism alumnus who won three awards in the hong kong news awards 2002. news horizons
浸會大學一直積極培育人才，並擁有精銳教研隊伍，今期《新領域》便報導了浸大學者和學生的學術成就，包括理學院師生的硅基紫外光發光二極體研究成功取得美國專利、師生校友為對抗非典型肺炎所作的種種服務和建樹，以及新聞系雷子樂校友獲得三項新聞獎項等。Finally, conclusions are that the algorithm ' s efficency of utilization is higher, requires much less slots, and veracity is better than others. so it can resolve those collisions much better that multiple tags are transmitting data at the same time within reader ' s scope. it can promote rfid applications in more fields
最後總結得出結論：在解決碰撞過程中，動態二進制樹型搜索演算法與其他幾種演算法相比，可以使系統的吞吐率及通道的利用率更高、需要的時隙更少、準確率更高、能夠更好地解決了rfid系統中的在閱讀器作用范圍內有多個應答器應答要求通信而發生的碰撞問題，有助於推動射頻識別技術更廣泛的應用。分享友人