第二級信息 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [dìèrjíxìnxī]
第二級信息
英文
second-level message-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。Backed up by the soplat theory based on particle kinematics, the second chapter of this paper presents with analysis and simulation of several single observer passive measurement models, which uses such relative movement parameters as bearings changing rates and centrifugal acceleration information on the basis of bearings measurements. in the third chapter, the observability of location respectively using bearings and its changing rates information and centrifugal acceleration information is analyzed, and its observable condition is got. the fourth chapter puts forward the modified covariance extended kalman filtering ( mvekf ) against the defect of traditional extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), whose performance is simultaneously compared in the chapter with the performance of ususal tracking algorithm such as ekf, mgekf, iekf by computer simulation
在近年來提出的基於質點運動學原理的單站無源定位理論基礎上，本文第二章提出了幾種在角度測量的基礎上增加角度變化率及相對運動的離心加速度等運動學參數的單站無源測量模型，並對它們進行了分析和模擬；第三章分別對利用角度及其變化率信息定位和利用離心加速度信息定位的可觀測性進行分析並得到了相應的可觀測條件；第四章針對傳統擴展卡爾曼（ ekf ）方法的缺點，提出了一種修正協方差的擴展卡爾曼濾波（ mvefk ）方法，並將其和ekf 、 mgekf 、 iekf等常用的單站無源定位濾波方法進行了性能模擬比較；第五章通過引入雷達機動目標跟蹤方法和模型，提出了利用角度及其變化率對機動輻射源跟蹤的多級噪聲自適應方法和imm方法；第六章主要對角度變化率和離心加速度參數的獲取技術進行了研究，提出了幾種高精度測量脈沖序列多普勒頻率變化率的方法。This agency issue of investor and venture capitalist can be effective to guard against the morals hazard of venture capitalist by limited partnership system ; venture capitalist can guard against the morals hazard of entrepreneur through contract ， which is optimal capital - structure contract in financing decision ， is combining to equity fraction ， stock design and staging finance ， in order to make enterprise financing cost minimum ， profit maximum ， it is minimum that informational asymmetries " level fall to
在投資者與風險資本家這一級委託代理關系中，有限合夥制可以有效防範風險資本家的道德風險；風險資本家可以通過與風險企業訂立契約來防範第二級代理問題? ?企業家的道德風險，即在融資決策中尋求最優的資本結構契約，在這種契約中結合股權比例，證券組合，分階段投資等方法，以使企業融資成本最低、收益最大，信息不對稱程度降到最小。Quantum information science is a new subject combining quantum theory and information science. great progress has been made in quantum teleportation, description of quantum entanglement and classification of quantum states. according to this, the following work has been completed : ( 1 ) a scheme for teleporting an unknown n - dimensionni - particle state by making use of the maximum entangled state as quantum channel is proposed
量子信息學是量子力學理論和計算機理論相結合而產生的一門新的交叉學科，在量子隱形傳態、量子糾纏態的描述及量子態的分類等領域取得了重要進展，本文圍繞這幾個方面開展了如下研究工作： （ 1 ）在文章的第二章研究了多能級多粒子量子態的傳輸。Technical specification of adaption layer for no. 7 signalling interworking with ip message transfer part lever 2 peer - to - peer adaption layer
No . 7信令與ip互通適配層技術規范-消息傳遞部分mtp第二級對等適配層m2paIt is thus easier to write a second - level parser for instance, a parser that interprets editing commands when the top - level parser has taken care of removing conditional execution, blank lines, and other extraneous to editing information
當頂級解析器已經除去條件執行、空行和其它（與編輯）無關的信息后，編寫第二級解析器（例如，解釋編輯命令的解析器）就容易多了。Chapter 2 discusses the characteristics of ethernet, then introduces a kind of priority control method into ethernet that makes its feasibility in industrial automation network. at last we conclude that issues that prevent ethernet from being used hi real time control environments have now been resolved. its presence at the control level will facilitate the information integration from sensor level to management level
第二章論述以太網的特點，將一種優先級控制引入以太網，討論它在工業控制網路中的可行性，指出隨著以太網在確定性、速度和優先法則等方面性能的進一步提高，阻礙以太網應用於實時控制環境的難點即將被解決，它應用於現場設備控制層是控制網路發展的趨勢，將會極大地促進信息從傳感器到管理層的集成。The jobs in the first group, such as retail sales, food services, trucking and janitorial services, which are unskilled occupations, are low wage, while in the second group are high - paid investment bankers, computer programmers, high technicians, etc., who are able to solve complicated problems by applying information
第一類職業，諸如零售、飲食、貨車運輸和房管部門，均屬非技術性職業，薪水低；而第二類則包括高薪的投資銀行家，計算機程序編制者，高級技術人員，等等，他們能運用信息來解決復雜的問題。In the first place, the imperfect legal and other related system have greatly held back the development of the corporation bond development in china. for example, " corporation bond management regulation " issued in 1993 has much to be improved in levying tax on the interest income of corporation bond, credit rating and the supervise mechanism. in the second place, the management system of the corporation should be improved greatly. for instance, the agent holds the control right ; the reassign obstacle of the control right and the bad debt rate is too high. in the third place, the lower flowing flexibility of the enterprise bond is also a factor
第一，本文認為相關的制度和配套法規不完善制約了我國企業債券市場的發展，如1993年頒布的《企業債券管理條例》 、對企業債券征利息所得稅、信用評級制度的缺陷、市場監管機制不完善；第二，公司法人治理結構不健全制約我國企業債券市場發展如，代理人掌握控制權、控制權轉讓存在障礙、企業自身資產負債率過高；第三，企業債券的低流通性制約了我國企業債券市場的發展；第四，缺乏機構投資者參與制約了我國企業債券市場的發展。In the thesis, through management of vpn membership and provisioning of new vpns for rapid deployment provided by mpls / vpn, author find out the method of making a new service more accessible and fast implement of the services. by limit the vpn road internal, and make mpls / vpn have privacy and security equal to that provided by layer - 2 vpns by limiting the distribution of a vpn ' s routes to only those routers that are members of the vpn, ensure the method of the high credibility of the services ; by access to services projects of three layers and four area, realize support for multiple classes of service and priorities within vpns and independences, according with the method of network project with safety provide by the state grid corporation of china
在論文中介紹了，作者通過mpls / vpn提供的vpn內部多級別業務，應用vpn創建及規范vpn成員管理、找出新業務的便利接入及業務的快速實施的方法;通過限制vpn路由信息的傳播僅在vpn成員內部，及使mpls / vpn具有與傳統的第二層vpn相同的私密性及安全性、實現業務隔離，保障業務的高可靠性的方法;通過業務接入三層四區的劃分方案，實現不同業務的優先級劃分及獨立性、滿足國家電網對數據網路規劃的安全性要求的方法。Based on the general conception of holography, the author analyzes the tourism region with a holographic view of human - nature relationship, and considers, in the core, the origination, development, transformation of tourism region system is a course in which the resources system is transformed to the economic system ， to the cultural system, which demonstrates by the structure of tourism region objection system ? ? from the structure of tourism resources to the structure of tourism products ， to the structure of the tourism markets ， to the structure of tourism industries, and each step of transformation needs the input of anti - entropy from the subjection system ? ? the tourists, the tourism scholars, the tourism enterprising, the tourism media, the government and the local people who urge the region sustainable development. there are six chapters in the dissertation : in the first chapter, on the base of holographic view, the author constructs a holographic space which consists of one - dimensioned time, three - dimensioned space and multi - dimensioned system, which can supply for the study of variety and multi - perspective of tourism region subsystem, meanwhile originationable theory, fractal theory and down - to - the - earth theory are put forward as methodology, what ' s more, the author constructs the paradigm of the tourism region development as the frame of region tourism development. in the second chapter, with a holographic view, some concepts of tourism region system, both objection system and subjection system, are defined again, especially, the conception of tourism, tourist, tourism resources and tourism product, the author considers, it ' s only through information that can explain how the tourism derived and developed, what the tourist demands and utility are, and the relationship between the inner subjection system is regarded as mutuality
本論文結構共分6個部分：第一部分，從全息學的基本觀點出發，構建出由一維時間、三維空間和多維系統組成的全息空間，這為研究旅遊地域各子系統的多樣性和多角度性提供了理論的依託，並將元化思考、分形理論和紮根理論作為旅遊地域開發的主要方法論，構建出旅遊地域全息開發的思維範式，為旅遊地域的開發奠定了堅實的理論框架；第二部分，從全息角度對旅遊地域系統，包括客體系統和主體系統，進行全新的界定，尤其對旅遊活動、旅遊者、旅遊資源及旅遊產品的概念進行全新界定，認為只有從信息角度才能理解旅遊活動產生、發展以及旅遊者的需求和效用，並在旅遊地域開發關繫上提出了互為主體的觀念；第三部分，從空間角度對旅遊地域進行分析，認為旅遊地域是運動的，要素運動形成要素的結構變化，進而推動整個旅遊地域的運動，同時，旅遊地域運動還受到環境系統的制約和影響，筆者還對旅遊地域相互作用關系作了較為深入的研究，認為不同等級間和同等級間旅遊地域相互作用遵循不同的規律；第四部分，通過對旅遊地域周期理論的再認識，詳細分析了影響旅遊周期的因素，並提出旅遊地域全息周期的理想模式是logistic曲線；第五部分，筆者對旅遊地域的開發模式進行了總結，從主體角度提出了4種旅遊地域全息開發模式? ?資源主導型、學者主導型、企業媒體主導型和政府大眾主導型，並從環境系統對旅遊地域開發的影響程度出發，提出2種修正模式? ?微阻礙模式和重阻礙模式；第六部分，以安西縣為例，在全息分析安西縣旅遊地域發展狀況之後，強調旅遊產品的開發與設計是旅遊地域開發的關鍵，並運用全息的觀點對旅遊產品開發進行了實證研究。The second part of the thesis pays special attention to the analysis of the structure and the basic methods of information resource integration in university libraries. based on the depth of data resource process the second part classifies the integration into three basic layers and carries an analysis of four kinds of integrations in accordance with opac, straddle base retrieve, resource navigation, hyperlink. the analysis of the features of each kind of integrations has provided theoretical basis for the information resource integration in different university libraries
第二部分著重對高校圖書館信息資源整合的結構和基本方式進行分析，根據數據資源加工的深度，對整合的三個基本層次進行了劃分，並對基於opac 、跨庫檢索、資源導航、超級鏈接的四種整合方式進行了分析，對每種方式的特點和優劣進行了客觀的分析，為不同類型的高校圖書館的信息資源整合提供理論依據。分享友人