等位基因系列 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [děngwèijīyīnxìliè]
等位基因系列 英文
allelic series
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 位 : Ⅰ名詞1 （所在或所佔的地方） place; location 2 （職位; 地位） position; post; status 3 （特指皇帝...
  • 因 : Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （沿襲） follow; carry on Ⅱ介詞1 [書面語] （憑借; 根據） on the basis of; in accord...
  • 系 : 系動詞（打結; 扣） tie; fasten; do up; button up
  • 列 : Ⅰ動1 （排列） arrange; form a line; line up 2 （安排到某類事物之中） list; enter in a list Ⅱ名詞1...
  • 系列 : succession; series; bank; set; set family; train
  1. A closed pulse width modulation ( pwm ) regulating speed system for dc servo - motor is presented, it is composed of avr microcontroller, pwm power driver, unit of speed detection using encoder and a serial communication interface, etc. fuzzy pid algorithm is employed to control the speed and position of wmr. the method can solve effectively some problems such as the uncertainty of wmr ' s model, the varieties demand, the change of situation

    其次，設計了基於avr微控制器（ at90s8515 ）的移動控制系統，其中主要包括pwm功率驅動、測速單元和串列通訊模塊等：對機器人速度、位置控制採用模糊pid演算法，較好地克服了移動機器人模型的不確定性、轉速位置控制要求的多變和環境改變等因素的影響。
  2. By applying the theory and method of geological anomaly, it is focused on the analysis of the characters of major geological anomalies and their effect of mineralization in daye - jiurui region. the analysis result shows that the basement fault anomalies control a few major large hidden batholiths and their associated orefields ; that the anomalies of cover structure confine most cu - au deposits and fe - cu deposits within their scope ; that the geochemical anomalies and lithofacies - paleogeographical anomalies are major geological factors leading to trataboundness of some cu - au deposits ; that the anomalies of rock operties provide the favorable chemical and physical conditions for the ore - forming process, including the seepage, circulation, convergence and deposit of ore - bearing hydrothermal solution ; that the anomalous ctive stage of mesozoic magmatite is almost consistent with the major mineralization epoch of the fe, cu deposits, and the structure of multi - levels, and the zoning in magmatic system determine the spatial distribution of the mineralization system. then, based on the above analysis, a comprehensive variate, geological combination entropy, is brought forward for reflecting the complex degree of the combination of geological ore - controlling factors. after circumscribing the anomalies of geological combination entropy, the relations between the anomalies and ore deposits are determined

    從地質異常的角度，重點分析了大冶九瑞地區主要地質異常的特徵及其對成礦的影響.由分析可知：基底斷裂異常控制了本區若干重要規模較大的隱伏巖基及伴生礦田，而蓋層構造異常控制銅金礦床和鐵銅礦床的空間位置；地層的地球化學異常和巖相古地理異常是造成一些銅金礦床層控性的主要地質因素；蓋層的巖性異常為含礦熱液的滲流、循環、聚集和礦質沉澱等一系列成礦作用提供了有利的物理和化學條件；中生代巖漿巖的異常活動期也是本區主要的鐵銅成礦期，巖漿巖系統的多層分枝和分帶性結構控制了本區成礦系統的三維空間分佈.在上述分析的基礎上，構置了地質組合熵作為反映控礦地質因素組合系統結構復雜程度的綜合變量，並圈定出組合熵異常，由此確定了綜合地質異常與礦床的關系
  3. On the basis of the study of the theory and appraise method on land use in the small towns from home and abroad, this paper at first conducts a deep study on the development and role of the small towns, indicating that its development has sawn an uneven development phrase and becomes a carrier of the enterprises, a pool of surplus laborers, a hub of material exchanges between the rural and urban areas, a base of spiritual civilization, an important way to achieve urbanization. second, it conducts a study on the situation and features and the problems the land use, indicating that the efficiency of the land use is low, which has a direct influence on the development of agriculture and the role of the small towns. and the study of the demand of the land indicates the shortage of land is serious, and the small town must rationally use the land and increases its intensive role and the economical efficiency to meet the demand

    在分析國內外已有關于小城鎮土地利用的理論與評價方法的基礎上，首先對小城鎮在我國的發展、地位和作用進行了深入的分析，判明我國小城鎮發展經歷了一個曲折向上的發展階段，已成為鄉鎮企業的載體，農村剩餘勞動力的蓄水池，城鄉物資交流的樞紐，農村精神文明的基地，是我國城市化的重要途徑；其次，對小城鎮土地資源利用現狀和特徵進行了探討，並對發展小城鎮建設導致的土地利用問題進行了剖析，表明目前我國大多數小城鎮土地效益和規模效益低下，佔用耕地過多，直接影響農業的發展，影響小城鎮的地位和作用；通過小城鎮土地供需分析研究表明，我國土地短缺十分嚴峻，小城鎮土地需求缺口較大，小城鎮必須合理利用現有土地，增強集約功能和土地經濟效益，從而緩解需求壓力；最後，論文通過運用特爾菲法，描述統計分析法、多元統計分析（主成分分析）法和系統分析法中的層次分析法（ ahp ）等一系列方法，結合定性和定量兩方面，從土地質量、土地資源數量與結構、土地經濟效益、環境效益、社會效益等五個方面進行分析，篩選、建立了土地資源利用評價指標體系，在因子評價的基礎上，建立了土地利用綜合評價模型，並給出了評價過程和方法。
  4. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  5. These institutional factors included the consciousness of " officer standard ", the mode of thinking for human relationship, the thought of " wait, depend, and ask for ", to a certain degree of " soft regime ", less development of the market system, too much intervention on economy by the local government, low proportion of the non - state owned economy, lag of the reform on property rights and lack of credit etc. consequently, we could not quicken the speed of economic development of the central china and shorten the gap between the central and east unless innovation on institution was taken

    這些制度因素包括： 「官本位」意識，人情化的思維方式， 「等、靠、要」的依賴思想等非正式制度；一定程度的「軟政權」 ，市場化程度較低，政府對經濟的干預過多，非國有經濟比重過小，產權改革滯后，信用缺失等正式制度。因此，只有進行一系列制度創新，建立適應於市場經濟的制度基礎，才能加快中部地區的經濟發展，縮小其與東部地區的差距。
  6. Aim : to analyze the mechanism, thermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors of thermally induced phase separation ( tips ) in order to completely grasp the factors affecting the size, distribution and form of pores, so that the adjusted range of pore can be widened and the preparation of porous membrane can be repeated and controlled. methods : considering from the structural characteristics of tissue engineered materials, the methods of preparing porous membrane using tips technique, the hermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed, the problems and investigative directions in the future were also analyzed. tips technique is a process of phase separation of polymer homogenous solution under quenching, and it is suitable for diameter and structural form of the micropore materials prepared using tips are closely correlated with the kind and dispensing proportion of polymer attrnuant, polymer concentration and polymer molecular mass, etc. conducted, including determination of polymer - solvent system phase diagram, study of form and appearance of porous membrane of different thickness, study of form and appearance of porous membrane prepared with systems of different x, which is the parameter of polymer - solvent interaction

    目的:分析熱致相分離成膜過程的機理、熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素，以便充分掌握影響孔度大小、分佈、形態的因素，使孔度調控范圍得以拓寬，使多孔膜的制備能重復可控.方法:從組織工程材料結構特點出發，分析熱致相分離聚合物多孔膜的制備方法及該法成膜的熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素.並分析實驗中存在的問題及今後的研究方向.結果:以熱致相分離法可制備聚合物多孔膜.熱致相分離法制備多孔膜是高聚物均相溶液在淬冷條件下發生相分離的過程，它適用於上臨界共溶溫度型聚合物一稀釋劑二元體系.熱致相分離法成膜的過程，可以認為是旋節線機理佔主導地位.熱致相分離法制備的微孔材料，其孔隙率、孔徑大小、結構形態與聚合物稀釋劑的種類、組成配比、聚合物濃度、聚合物分子量等因素密切相關.結論:可採用熱致相分離技術制備多孔膜，通過改變不同的成膜條件可獲得一系列不同孔徑尺寸和孔徑分佈的多孔膜材料.對熱致相分離成膜過程中聚合物-溶劑體系的相圖測定，不同厚度的多孔膜形貌研究，不同x （聚合物-溶劑相互作用參數）體系所制備的多孔膜形貌等需深人研究
  7. Adopt market segmentation, market positioning, and market combination in anglicizing the current situation of passenger transportation in southwest china, take, its technologic economic characteristic and the resources of the form of railway passenger transportation into consideration in developing and selling new products, we can create the best market value and economic efficiency. in accordance with basic theories of transportation system and modern marketing, the thesis takes the means of marketing segmentation and balance of supply and distribution, makes a thorough analysis on influential factors of passenger transportation, requirement, structure, transportation net, etc. dealing with the requirements and supplies of passenger transportation market of southwest china, the thesis tries to advance a new market countermove including the overall strategy, product development, brand design, sale ' s organizations, on the basis of present situation of leaving time, passenger mobility, average distance, geographical position and passenger composition

    本文按照交通運輸系統分析和現代市場營銷學的基本理論，運用供求分析和市場細分的方法，從影響因素、需求量、客運結構、運輸網各方面對西南地區客運市場需求和供給狀況進行分析和研究，並在此基礎上按照出行時間、客流性質、平均行程、地理位置、旅客成分等對西南鐵路客運市場進行市場細分和目標市場定位，提出了「以能保長、以速引中、以價爭短、以質創新」的營銷總體戰略和產品開發、價格管理、品牌設計、銷售組織等一系列營銷對策。
  8. Pcr - based analysis method was carried out in the following study. dna amplification by pcr in cgg repeats were performed on 154 people as normal control ( 73 males and 81 females ) and 23 members from four x - linked mental retardation ( xlmr ) families. after electrophoresed on a 6 % - denaturing polyacrylamide gel ( acr : bis = 19 : l ), genotypes of the objects were determined by analyzing pcr products

    本研究採用較以往更為簡便有效的pcr技術方法，對隨機抽取的154人的正常群體（男性73人、女性sl人）及來自四個智力低下家系的23名成員進行了fmr基因cgg重復序列的擴增，利用變性聚丙烯酸胺凝膠電泳技術對不同等位基因類型進行分離和統計。
  9. Moreover, its interior pll circuit substitutes traditional pll. as a result, the presented design not only overcomes some shortcoming of traditional circuit such as tracking speed and accuracy, but also gets rid of response lag time and multi - phase noise. the system design is also important to improve our country ' s fault diagnosis standard

    而該系統內部鎖相電路代替了傳統方法中的pll ，因此，提出此系統設計不僅能夠克服基於傳統鎖相環電路的等轉角采樣方法跟蹤精度低、速度慢和使用不便等特點，還能克服電路中的由於不可避免的響應延遲時間所導致的不適合快速的列車運行及過多的相位噪聲問題，對于推動我國鐵路故障在線診斷技術的應用普及具有重要意義。
  10. The final part specifies on a series of factors influencing the implementation of performance management, including corporate culture, corporate structure, executive approach, staff approach, executive competitiveness and management style. it highlights the major pitfalls bcb and similar enterprises shall try to keep clear of in implementing performance management. telling from experience with hrm during the past few years, the author offers some constructive proposals on the successful implementation by bcb and similar enterprises

    文末，筆者特別對影響績效管理實施的一系列因素，如組織文化、組織結構、高層主管的態度、員工的態度、管理者能力和領導方式等進行了分析闡述，西南交通大學碩士研究生學位論文第n頁在此基礎上提出濱海商業銀行和類似企業在進行績效管理時應注意規避的幾大誤區，並結合筆者近幾年的人力資源管理實踐工作經驗，對濱海商業銀行及同類企業如何成功進行績效管理提出了幾點具有建設意義的意見。
  11. At present the manufacture of surface acoustic wave use the technology of the final submicron. a series of the devices of low insertion loss, high q saw rayleigh surface acoustic wave resonators or stws that insertion loss has less than 5db, load quality factor ( ql ) is more than 1000 on the quartz piezoelectric with zero of first temperature factor in the research. these difference frequencies are 60mhz, 280mhz, 739mhz and 1ghz of normal frequency and at also surface acoustic wave. using 1. 25db noise factor amplifier, careful design curcuit, good setting printed curcuit board, and using the 1ghz surface transverse wave resonator as frequency element, researching the low phase noise surface acoustic wave with sideband phase noise near ? 120dbc / hz deviating 1khz on carrier, spurious suppress with 80db

    本研究採用一階溫度系數為零的壓電石英基片上製作出損耗小於5db 、有載品值因素（ ql值）超過1000的一系列低損耗、高q值聲表面波rayleigh波或stw諧振器，頻率分別為60mhz 、 280mhz 、 739mhz和1ghz等不同頻率的高性能聲表面波諧振器。並採用噪聲系數為1 . 25db的低噪聲系數放大器，精心設計電路，優化設計布置印製電路板，用標稱頻率為1ghz的聲表面波諧振器為頻率控制元件，製作出在偏離載頻1khz處的單邊帶相位噪聲近- 120dbc / hz 、雜波抑制達80db以上的低相位噪聲聲表面波振蕩器。
  12. In this article, we will compare different banking institutions, study an extensive literature on relationship lending, then explain the theory in the frame of neo - institutional economics systematically and with modeling demonstration. after specifying the costs, benefits and net - profit transfers, we will analyze the banks and firms " characteristics and surrounding factors subject to the participation and incentive constrains, finally draw our conclusion that : lending behaviors between banks and firms are diverse and always affected by the two parts " bargaining power, social environment or their cognition to the relation. we comment that smes and banks develop relationship lending which is prone to satisfy the participation and incentive constrains, and that relationship lending should be a feasible way of smes " financing

    本文將通過對各國銀企關系制度進行比較，就關系貸款命題對文獻進行廣泛調研，在新制度經濟學的分析框架下進行系統規范的理論闡述和模型證明，列舉關系貸款的預期收益、成本內容，對凈剩餘的租金轉移進行分析，在此基礎上研究使關系貸款滿足參與約束與激勵相容約束的銀行和企業特徵、制度環境因素，得出結論：各國市場環境下，銀行與企業之間的關系型融資有不同的表現形式，信貸行為受到銀企雙方談判地位、主觀認識的影響以及社會信用、經濟條件、制度背景等客觀環境的制約；中小企業和中小銀行之間的關系貸款安排易於滿足合約雙方的參與約束和激勵相容約束，不失為中小企業融資的一條可行途徑。
  13. The build and construction of ecology include the build and construction of green space overall arrangement, the build and construction of the index, the build and construction of seedling security system, the build and construction of bio - diversity system and the build and construction of the technological economic policy security system etc. these classified build and construction present the logic relation with each other : the build and construct of overall arrangement control the green skeleton of the city ; the index plan ensure the green skeleton can exist forever ; the build and constructi on of seedling security system guarantee the index of city green space can put in practice in the light of plan ; the build and construction of bio - diversity system can afford the abundant gene pool for nursery stock system and can ensure the ecological stability of the city ; and the build of the technological economic policy security system can guarantee the implementation of a serious of build and construction upwards successfully

    為了符合生態園林城市的定位，綠地系統需緊緊抓住生態建構和景觀風貌建構兩個方向。其中生態建構包括各類綠地布局建構、指標建構、苗木保障體系建構、生物多樣性體系建構及技術經濟政策保障體系的建構等。這些分類建構互呈邏輯關系：布局建構控制了城市的綠色脈絡，指標規劃保障這個綠色脈絡得以生生不息，苗木保障體系的建構則保證城市綠地指標得以科學實施，生物多樣性體系保障則是為苗木體系提供豐富的基因庫，技術經濟政策保障體系的建立可以保障以上一系列建構的順暢實施。
  14. Though the technique of nuclejc transformation in plants has been developed and used widely, some problems in genetic information have not been resolved. for example, because the nucleic genome is so big and complicated that the integration sites and copies of foreign gene can not be controlled accurately, the expression of transferred genes is inefficient as a result of gene silencing or position effect. in nucleic transformation, furthermore, the transfer of multigene is difficult, and only after the prokaryotic genes undergo modification are they expressed in high plants

    植物的細胞核轉化技術已發展成熟並得到廣泛應用，但核基因組的遺傳轉化仍存在一系列至今尚未解決的問題：例如由於核基因組大，背景復雜，外源基因的整合位點和整合的拷貝數難以人為控制，造成鄭州大學2003年博士學位論文杜氏鹽藻（ dunaliellasalina ）葉綠體轉化研究外源基因表達效率低，容易出現基因失活、基因沉默、位置效應等現象;同時轉入多個基因時操作步驟過于復雜，所表達的原核基因必須經過修飾改造，環境安全難以保證等。
  15. Therefore, a - amylase has been used widely in many industrial fields, such as glucose production, beer brewing, fermentation trade, textile industry, and so on. the study on a - amylase is one of the most active fields in enzyme industrial fields. with the development of biotechnology, more and more scientists and researchers attempt to use dna shuffling technology to breed, screen and even " create " new a - amylase genes with higher activity and other new characters

    設計引物時，上下游引物5 』端分別添加了kpn和bamh酶切位點，克隆得到的基因片段和質粒載體都用kpn和bamh進行雙酶切后，進行酶連、轉化、篩選得到陽性重組子，經過藍白斑驗證、單酶切驗證、雙酶切驗證、 pcr驗證等一系列的驗證后進行測序。
  16. For instance, advance in telecommunication, nano - technology, genetic engineering and biotechnology, and the issue of sustainable environment in the past few decades are just a few notable examples. the development of science and technology not only furnishes us with opportunities to get a deeper understanding and introspect of the universe, but more importantly, it brings unprecedented changes to our daily lives. to celebrate the 15th anniversaries of the hong kong science museum and the hong kong university of science and technology, the two institutions jointly organize a leading scholars lecture series

    現今的科技發展一躍千里，而部份科學技術在過去十多年更有非常顯著的躍進，例如通訊科技納米技術基因遺傳和生物技術以及環境保護等。這些科技發展不但提高我們對這個宇宙的認識和反思，更重要的是它們為我們的生活帶來了重大的變化。適逢今年香港科學館和香港科技大學均慶祝成立十五周年這大日子，因此，兩間機構特別聯合主辦了一系列講座，並邀請了多位出色的科學家分享他們在這15年裡的科研成果，以及這些技術的未來發展對我們生活的影響。
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