等替代性 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [děngtìdàixìng]
等替代性 英文
equal subsitutability
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 替 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） replace; substitute for; supply [take] the place of 2 [書面語] （衰敗） decline Ⅱ...
  • 代 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） take the place of; be in place of 2 （代理） act on behalf of; acting Ⅱ名詞1 （歷...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 替代性 : vicarism
  • 替代 : substitute for; supersede; replace; substitution; replacement
  1. In the course, the condition and the process of forming and changing of minerals, the typomorphic features of minerals, the characteristics of the distribution and the evolution of minerals and their paragenetic associations in the period and the space, the methods of mineral analyses and research, the geological thermometers and the geologicial barometers of minerals, mineral paragenetic associations and paragenesis analyses will be introduced, and the magnificent and the microscopic genetic characteristics of pyrite, quartz, garnet, pyroxene, amphibole, mica, feldspar, and other minerals will be dealt with particularly

    本課程主要講述礦物及其共生組合的形成和變化的條件和過程，不同物理化學條件下礦物的成分、結構、形態、物性等標型特徵以及它們之間的內在聯系，礦物及其共生組合在時間上和空間上的分佈和演化規律，礦物成分、結構、形貌、物性等的分析測試方法，礦物地質溫度計和地質壓力計對其形成環境的表徵，不同體系（封閉體系、開放體系）條件下，礦物的穩定范圍和彼此替代順序的共生分析，重點介紹黃鐵礦、石英、石榴石、輝石、角閃石、雲母、長石等礦物（族）在成因上的宏觀標志和微觀信息，以及其成因信息在成巖作用和成礦作用中的地質意義。
  2. It should not be neglected that the third rank organizes the cushion level and the protection level in the tusi society, and that the substitutive social flowage bourgeoned in the fourth rank indicates the development and flux of the tusi society

    其中特別值得一提的是，第三等級構成土司社會的緩沖層與保護層，第四等級萌動的替代性社會流動彰顯了土司社會的發展與變遷。
  3. With the thinking of futurology, this paper is divided into two parts, budgeting plan and budgeting execution, to try to detect the present problems and to find approaches to solve them. the purpose of this paper is to make the those methods more scientific to realize the combination of enterprise tactics management and strategy management in the systematic, strategic and total - attending way that other measures of management can not achieve

    帶著未來學的思想，文章將預算管理分為預算編制和預算執行兩大塊進行研究，試圖找到它們各自現存的問題及解決途徑，使之逐步完善科學，發揮出其機制性、戰略性、全員性等一系列其他管理手段無法替代的作用特徵，實現企業戰術管理和戰略管理的有機融合。
  4. It can be used in light steel ceiling board structure, indoor ceiling, wall skirts, partition wall, room door, door, post, sample room, movable house, and various furniture ; strong displacement : it can replace traditional three - ply board, gesso, plastic, and calcium silicate board etc

    舉凡輕鋼天花板室內吊頂輕隔間管道防火防火門板樣品屋活動房舍傢俱襯板等皆可且取代性強，可替代傳統夾心板石膏板塑料板硅酸鈣板等。
  5. Service multinational enterprise ’ s sustainable competitive advantage is decided by the importance, scarce, can ’ t substitutable and can ’ t imitable of the resources, the capacity and knowledge which its owned, the first two had decided its competitive advantage, the latter two decided its sustainable competitive advantage

    服務業跨國公司可持續競爭優勢取決于其所擁有的資源、能力與知識的價值性、稀缺性、不可替代性與不可模仿性等，前二者決定了它的競爭優勢，后二者決定它的可持續競爭優勢。
  6. Azo ( aluminums zinc oxide films ) which have many characteristics such as high ratio of performance to price and innoxious are the replacer of ito ( indium tin oxide films )

    摻鋁的氧化鋅薄膜（ azo ）具有性價比高、無污染等特點，是摻錫氧化銦（ ito ）的最佳替代產品。
  7. Guan xiaohong, et al. ( 1991 ) established a strain of monoclonal anti - idiotypic antibody np30 of schistosoma japonicum, whice is an internal image antigen of gut associated antigen ( gaa ), its antibody isotype is igm. np30 has a partial cross - reaction with soluble egg antigen ( sba ) and membrane associated antigen ( maa )

    管曉虹等建立的日本血吸蟲單克隆抗獨特型抗體（ anti - id ， ab _ 2 ） np30是腸相關抗原（ gaa ）的內影像anti - id ，與可溶性蟲卵抗原（ sea ）有交叉反應，可替代蟲源性抗原用於血吸蟲病免疫診斷和抗病疫苗的研究。
  8. Often termed " complementary " or " alternative " medicine in the west, disciplines ranging from ayurveda in india to traditional chinese medicine are finding more fans outside asia

    印度的古老醫藥阿育吠陀和中國的傳統中藥等在西方經常被稱做「補充性」或「替代性」藥物，但它們現在在亞洲以外正擁有越來越多的喜好者。
  9. The major achievements obtained in this paper are as follows : 1. it analyses the essential features of sericulture in detail and points out that it has many unique characters that are different from general agriculture, such as the irreplaceability of silkworm eggs, mulberry trees and cocoons, high special - purpose of reeling industry ' s assets, complete commercial characters of cocoons and so on

    本文主要研究成果如下：一、詳細分析了蠶業的基本特性，指出蠶業具有不同於一般農業的諸多特點，如蠶種、桑樹、蠶繭的不可替代性，繅絲企業的高度資產專用性，蠶繭的完全商品特性等。
  10. In the light of the fundamental method of analysis of the theories concerning enterprise competitiveness, this essay deals with the study on the enterprise competitiveness in lanzhou railway bureau. first, it makes a holistic analysis on the competitive environment and elaborates the status quo of development ; second, it establishes the index system for the assessment of the enterprise competitiveness in lanzhou railway bureau, and makes general and comparative assessment of the enterprise competitiveness, and then a conclusion is drawn ; lastly, it presents the ways and solutions to upgrade enterprise competitiveness in lanzhou railway bureau, based on the analysis of causes for the conclusion. the method of analysis in this essay is valuable in reference for the study of other enterprises in the same industry

    首先，對蘭州鐵路局競爭環境進行了宏觀環境分析和競爭環境分析，認為在現階段蘭州鐵路局擁有良好發展環境，同時也面臨著替代性運輸方式、潛在競爭對手和現代物流發展的強大威脅；其次，對蘭州鐵路局的發展現狀進行了闡述，從運輸生產、經營管理、市場競爭等不同角度進行了深入分析，認為現階段蘭州鐵路局在西北運輸市場仍然佔有一定優勢；第三，運用企業競爭力評價理論建立了蘭州鐵路局競爭力評價的指標體系，並採用模糊數學和dea評價方法對蘭州鐵路局競爭力進行了總體評價和比較評價，得出了蘭州鐵路局競爭力不強的結論，並針對評價結果進行了原因分析；最後，提出了蘭州鐵路局競爭力提升的思路和對策。
  11. Because of the influence of the judicial crisis, the society ' s diversification demand to resolve administrative dispute and the citizen ' s idea of " non - antagonism ", america obtains its success in using the alternative dispute resolve ( adr ) to resolve administrative dispute in 1990s

    摘要由於受司法危機、社會對解決行政糾紛形式多樣化需求及公民「合意」 「非對抗性」理念等因素的影響， 20世紀90年代，美國在行政爭議解決中採用adr替代性糾紛解決方法取得成功。
  12. With the widespread and profound impacts of global change on the natural elements and progress, the society and economy, and even the human activities, the study of global change has become one of the most active frontiers in the current earth science research field. especially, climatic and environmental changes of holocene and human history is a very important time scale of the study of global change. however, the geographic surroundings and the natural environment of the southern margin of tarim basin, which lies in the hinterland of eurasia continent, are so special that it is difficult to obtain the proxies indicating its environmental evolution

    在多年來前人研究成果的基礎上，本文通過尼雅剖面年代解析度可達10a的沉積物質量磁化率、碳酸鹽碳同位素、粒度等氣候替代性指標及約特干剖面的地球化學元素、孢粉等氣候指標信息的結果分析，並結合達木溝、塔格勒等剖面的成果及相關資料，得出以下結論： （ 1 ） 、南疆塔里木盆地南緣中全新世6 . 7 3 . 0kab . p .以氣候溫暖偏乾的荒漠環境為總體特徵。
  13. Chapter one has mainly introduced the development of the market of chinese car, and the theory of satisfaction to customer has carried on the survey. foreign study on customer satisfaction deepen and not thorough quite already, customer satisfaction research to accompany by enterprise management idea transformation of weight and produce. the basic goal that enterprises exist is to pursue the maximization of the profit or maximization of enterprise ' s value, satisfied with the centre theory to develop from theory of centre of output value to the customer progressively, just because the customer is satisfied with the appearance of the centre theory, have produced customer ' s satisfactory research

    我國的汽車市場已經步入了高速發展的快車道，市場競爭空前激烈，產品同質化越來越高、可替代性越來越強、服務模式也日趨同一化，顧客的消費行為亦由感性階段進入了理性階段，在這樣一個復雜、瞬息萬變的市場激烈競爭中，單純的產品策略、服務策略等營銷手段無疑已經無法被顧客識別，而以「顧客為中心」 ，不斷提高顧客滿意度、提升顧客忠誠度、培養獨特的品牌已經成為了轎車企業突圍的唯一出路。
  14. The project goals were to increase production, achieve a more consistent product quality, and raise the plant ' s consumption of alternative and subsidized fuels like chemical and animal waste products while simultaneously improving process stability

    該項目的目標旨在提高生產率，達到更一致的產品質量，增加工廠例如化學品和動物廢物等替代品和補充燃料的使用，同時，提高過程穩定性。
  15. According to data from the alternative medicine division of the national institutes of health in the u. s., a 2004 survey showed that more than a third of american adults above the age of 18 use some form of alternative medicine including herbal remedies, acupuncture and meditation

    美國國立衛生研究院替代藥物部提供的數據顯示，一項2004年進行的調查發現，超過三分之一的美國18歲以上成年人嘗試過草藥、針灸和靜坐等替代性醫藥。
  16. The reasons are : the first, small and medium enterprises adopt low - cost strategy in the logistics, as a result, they could not make money, so when in the event of loss makes their mutual eroded ; the second, the legal system is not perfect and can not be binding contract speculative behavior ; the last, the existence of a large number of small and medium enterprises in the market logistics, the alternative of their partners is more

    作者認為中小tpl企業之間合作彼此的約束力弱，由於法律的不健全、合作夥伴之間的可替代性高，所以投機行為發生的機率高，因此，在聯盟內部只有通過對成員企業進行「信用度」管理，加大對違約和投機行為進行商譽、發展空間等方面的懲罰，才能使所有成員企業認真對待其在聯盟中的責任。
  17. Those resources must possess definitive properties, which is difficult to imitate, not purchased, perfectly immobile. it is precisely this bundling of idiosyncratic resources that the businesses controls that provide the strategic parameters for a businesses to pursue superior rents from which it derives a competitive advantage

    第二，在對企業資源的理解以及對獨特資源特點的分析基礎上，認為獨特資源因具有價值性、稀缺性，不可完全模仿性，不可等效替代性，不可完全轉移性，所以能促使企業形成持續競爭優勢。
  18. Firstly, this part introduces the definition of core competence and its essence character briefly, it considers that core competence is the source of corporation competition advantages and core competence reserve determines management bound of corporation, especially the extent and depth of corporation diversified management

    本部分先簡要介紹核心能力的概念及其本質特徵，認為核心能力具有價值性、異質性、不可仿製性、不可替代性等特徵，它是企業競爭優勢的源泉，核心能力儲備積累決定了企業的經營范圍，特別是企業多元化經營的廣度和深度。
  19. The difference between the law and the fact property right, enterprise ' s distribution ca n ' t embody the income of human capital property right ), and it also puts forward some shortages existed in traditional enterprise ' s administrative pattern - neglecting h uman capital property right. on this base, the article discusses the necessities of establishing the property right of enterprise ' s human capital in details from the theory ( the necessary demands of modern enterprise ' s system, the unfavorable influence from the uncompleted property right structure of enterprises, human capital - is a kind of rare capital, enterprise ' s decisive capital and it is the essential manifestation of public - owned economic relations ). in practice, it initially analyses the possibility of human capital property right ' s practice ( i. e. policy guide, practical turning point, practical base ) and its basic forms ( share ownership, optional institution )

    在此基礎上，從理論上詳細討論了建立企業人力資本產權的必要性（現代企業制度的必然要求、殘缺的產權結構對企業的不利影響、人力資本是一種稀缺資本、人力資本是企業的決定性資本、人力資本產權是公有制經濟關系的本質體現等） ；從實踐上，對人力資本產權實踐的可行性（政策導向、實踐契機、實踐基礎等） 、企業人力資本產權實踐的基本形式（股權化、期權制度）進行了初步分析，認為企業激勵制度設計中，人力資本產權激勵是重要的方式，在目前的經濟條件下，採取人力資本股權化的形式，具有較強的現實可行性；對那些擁有市場需求大、稀缺性程度高、可替代性程度低的人力資本（要素）的所有者，股票期權制度是人力資本產權實踐發展的基本方向。
  20. The methodology on change in that period are summarized as changing the schools in the way of innovation, enriching the strategies for change with the experimenta1 methodoiogical thoughts. surpassing the antithesis between two extremes with the tl1inking principle of continuity. the author then dissects some exal11ples of change in europe and the u. s. from the 50s to the 70s, such as the curriculum reform guided by the structuralistic curriculum theory the successfui or t l failing cases of the progressive experimental schoo1s lasting in the 50s, oecd ' s poxter - - coerci ) e strateg } -, rational - mpirical strateg } " and normative - - re - educativ ' e - strateg } "

    然後對歐美50 - 70年代以結構主義課程論為指導思想的課程改革、進步主義實驗學校延續到50年代以後的失敗的或成功的案例、歐洲經濟合作與開發組織oecd在「 prdd 」戰略中開發的權力?強制策略、經驗?合理性策略、規范?再教育策略等變革實例進行了剖析；同時也對一些側重於「思想探險」的案例進行了評論，這些案例如伊里奇的「非學校化社會」理論和四種學習網路、古德曼的「六條替代性建議」 、 《學會生存》關于以自學為原則的學習化社會的描述等等。
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