They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem
本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同
土地利用方式巖溶
土壤肥力為重點，對不同
土地利用方式
土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出巖溶
土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從
土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效
土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地
土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地
土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型巖溶區的
土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控
管理提供依據。
Four aspects are summed up : construction of new plantation production system according to the market ' s demand ; formation of industrial advantage by developing region agriculture, scale management and specialized production level ; change from the direct trade to processing trade of agricultural products ; attaching great importance to barley production, thus promoting the development of feed processing and food industrial. in the fourth chapter, the dissertation poses some necessary measures of the adjustment and escalation of hubei rural industrial structure. it mainly includes : deepening the property right system reform of rural land ; blazing new trails in the system ; reforming the rural science and technology mamgement system ; enhancing macroscopic regulation ; carrying out the cities and towns strategy ; reconstructing the structure of the agricultural development according to the comparative advantage law
第四章，提出了湖北農村產業結構調整升級的配套措施，主要包括：深化農村
土地產權制度改革，促進農業生產要素合理流動與優化配置；實行制度創新，促進農村資本市場發育，為農村產業結構調整升級提供資金保證；改革企業科技
管理體制，用高新科技改造和武裝農業，為農村產業結構調整升級提供技術支撐；加強宏觀調控力度，為農村產業結構調整升級提供正確導向和有力指導；實施城鎮化戰略，促進農村產業結構整體優化；搞好農業市場定位，按比較優勢原則，重構農業發展格局。
The study of analyzing the mechanical of aeolian sandy soil using straw based on experiment
應用吸
管法進行風沙
土機械組成分析的實驗研究
The goddess of earth and harvest. mother of danika. the father is an ancient king who ventured into the netherworld under berthe ' s protection to rescue danika from demundza
司
管土地與豐收的女神，達妮卡的母親。她的丈夫，即達妮卡的生父則是冒險進入深淵世界從迪姆扎手中救出達妮卡的一位古代國王。
Though many creatures of the soil layer are a drab grey - brown or pale and colourless, there is no reason why a few can ' t be bright and garish
盡
管土層中的許多生物要麼是單調的灰褐色，要麼體色蒼白暗淡，但仍有一些色澤艷麗，甚至是色彩奪目。
So the chanmical properties and the effect of the timbering form, foundation modulus and stiffen coefficient of the pipelines under static loads were studied, which provided the research basic for the chanmical properties of the pipelines under dynamical loads. the mutual effect of the pipelines and the soil under the dynamical loads is belonging to a coupling system
管道與
土體在動力下的相互作用是一個耦合系統問題，本文從荷載、
土體、
管-
土整體三個方面深入探討了動力荷載下
管-
土耦合系統的基本特徵：隨機性、動態變化性、耦合性、非線性等。
The preferences are analyzed, pipe ’ s parameters such as depth, thickness, pipe diameter, and mechanical property of material ; soil parameters such as soil types, internal friction angle, pipe - soil interaction ; fault ’ s parameters such as fault types, fault throw, fault drop, fault - pipe angle, mechanical property of material ; load types such as gravity force, linear displacement load, seismic load and seismic wave. some conclusions are drawn from the calculating results : when buried pipes cross fault, pipe ’ s embedded depth should be shallow, and big pipe diameter and thick wall should be selected. avoid the site where fault moves severe, and select suitable pipe - fault angle
在有限元三維模型建立中考慮的因素有:
管道自身參數如
管道埋置深度、
管壁厚度、
管徑、
管道材料等;巖
土材料參數如
土體類型、巖
土的內摩擦角、
管土相互作用等;斷層考慮有斷層類型，斷層斷距，斷層錯動距離，斷層與
管道的交角，斷層材料的考慮等;荷載分別考慮靜荷載，動荷載，其中動荷載包括線性位移加載、地震力加載和地震波加載等。
At the same time, the character of dynamical parameter under dynamical loads was taken into accout, so elastic eular - bernonulli foundation beam model under traffic loads was set up. in this model, firstly, the detailed resolution process accounting the parameters changing with the space was gained ; secondly, the detailed resolution process accounting the parameters changing with the time was gained, too
同時，建立了考慮
管-
土系統參數在動力下存在動態變化特點的交通荷載下
管道的eular - bernoulli地基梁受力模型，分別對參數隨著空間和空間變化時的位移響應提出了詳細的解析求解過程，從而保證了
管土系統在動力下參數隨時空動態變化條件下解析求解方法的科學性與完備性。
Soil springs are used around the pipe including vertical, lateral and axial soil springs to consider the interaction between the pipeline and the surrounding soil. the pipe segment near fault that usually suffers large deformation is modeled with a plastic shell element in order to consider the effect of local buckling and section deformation. to reduce the calculating time of the whole model, an equivalent spring proposed by the author is applied at two ends of the shell model
為了解決現有的殼單元方法需要大量計算機時的缺點，本論文首次從理論上把離斷層較遠
管土之間相對變形較小的
管子直線段部分的變形等效為一個非線性彈簧，將此等效邊界引入到有限元模型中，使得模型中的殼單元部分主要用來分析我們所感興趣的在斷層附近發生大變形的
管段，從而達到節約計算時間的目的。
Influencing factors of buried pipeline ’ s damage and numerical modeling are investigated. complex site conditions, fault and fluid - pipe coupling are considered. considering soil - pipe interaction, boolean operator is used to merge site and pipe, and site - pipe physics contact is solved through soil - pipe friction
考慮到場地和
管道間的相互作用，在adina三維有限元建模過程中，應用布爾操作實現場地與
管道間的幾何融合，並通過
管土摩擦解決場地與
管道間的物理接觸問題。
The in - situ testing includes surface deformations, sub - surface movements, earth pressures, pore water pressures, underground water levels, spt, stresses of pipes and pipe - soil contact stresses. in addition, the total jacking forces, deviations in line and level of the pipe line and earth pressures in the earth pressure balance machines ( epbm ) are also recorded. the results of field - testing are analyzed, and the variety of testing datum include earth pressures, pore water pressures and underground water levels during the course of the shield through it are studied
現場測試內容包括地面變形、深層
土體變形、
土壓力變化、孔隙水壓力變化、地下水位變化、
土體標準貫入試驗、
管道內力變化、
管土接觸應力變化以及頂
管施工現場記錄（包括頂力、
土壓力、平面偏差、高程偏差等） 。
The results indicated that even if there was different at initial soil condition, such as initial moisture content and initial salt content, salt content in soil profile and sar at top soil increased greatly after the high salinity water infiltrated
結果表明盡
管土壤初始條件存在差異，但灌高礦化度水后，
土壤含鹽量和溶液濃度總體增加，且
土壤剖面特別是表層的sar明顯增大。
Mr c h tung, the chief executive of the hksar appointed the financial secretary as the public officer to receive and hold the assets of the land fund as part of the government reserves
香港特別行政區行政長官董建華委任財政司司長為接收及保
管土地基金的公職人員，而
土地基金的資產亦成為政府儲備的一部分。
Experimental research on operational characteristics of gshps the experimental system of gshps has been set up, which consist of two 120m deep drilled wells and four 100m deep drilled wells. the u - tube vertical pipe loop was inserted into the two 120m deep boreholes, and other four 100m deep drilled wells are auxiliary well for temperature testing
土壤源熱泵的實驗研究建起了具有兩眼120m深埋
管井和四眼100m測溫輔井的垂直u型埋
管土壤源熱泵實驗系統，熱泵機組採用r22全封閉渦旋壓縮機， ari標定工況製冷量為21 . 8kw 。
Experiments on operational characteristics of gshps with r22 were conducted under winter condition and the summer condition respectively. the changing patterns of temperature field around the underground vertical u - tube pipe loop, the heat exchanging characteristics between underground vertical u - tube pipe loop and soil, and the cycle performance of gshps were detected in detail, the experimental results are well summarized and analyzed
開展了垂直u型埋
管土壤源熱泵的冬季和夏季工況的運行特性的實驗研究，主要對地下埋
管換熱器周圍的溫度場變化規律、地下埋
管換熱器特性和
土壤源熱泵系統循環性能的實驗結果進行了總結和分析。
The paper applies theories of material mechanics, elasticity mechanics and finite element analyses method
應用材料力學、彈性力學的理論和有限元原理，分析了
管、
土材料的材料性能和應力?應變關系。
Mrs li will report to hkma s deputy chief executive andrew sheng who oversees the day - to - day management of the land fund portfolio
李女士會直接向金
管局副總裁沈聯濤負責，沈先生總
管土地基金投資組合的日常
管理。
Take the breakage of the pipe joints caused by seismic wave propagation as main damage mode ; the velocity of seismic wave propagation along the pipelines, soil - pipe interaction, and the correlation between the damage of pipe units are discussed
綜合分析了地下
管道的地震破壞特徵和反應機理，提出以
管道在地震波作用下的接頭損壞作為主要破壞模式；探討了地震波沿
管道的傳播速度，
管-
土相互作用，
管單元的失效相關性等問題。
According to the functionary times of transportation times and spatial location between pipelines and roads, three kinds of transportation load models are put forward, i. e. long - term evenly distributed load, movable invariable load and stable simple harmonic load. two common foundation models, linear elastic model and modified cambridge model are analyzed, and the former is selected as the model for soft soil in this paper. considering the application actuality and foreground of steel, steel pipeline is adopted as research object
根據交通荷載的作用次數以及管道與道路的空間位置，提出了三種交通荷載模型，即長期均布荷載、移動恆載和穩態簡諧荷載；分析了常用的兩種地基模型?線彈性模型和修正劍橋模型，並選擇了線彈性模型作為本文的地基模型；考慮到鋼管的應用現狀和前景，選擇鋼管作為研究對象；從法向和切向對管?土相互作用模型進行了探討。
