簡並能級 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jiǎnbàngnéngjí]
簡並能級
英文
degenerate energy level-
The research of the thesis shows : optimize theory describes and makes the target as model, array, level, and deals with every scheme that determines the nature and quantitative factor chosen in unison that appraised, its result is objective, true, reliable, can plan making policy to offer scientific basis finally of overall arrangement for the route of the highway ; the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation assessment is simple, clear, practical, can make more factors participated in judging, and overcome the subjective and random that existed when chosen the route scheme ; level analytic approach promises high grade highway route overall arrangement scheme judge and carries out the tr ansition to from single factor index multifactor synthesis of index judge, and the result is convincible
論文研究表明：優化理論將描述與評價的對象模型化、序列化、層次化，並統一處理各方案比選中的定性與定量因素，其結果客觀、真實、可靠，能為公路路線規劃布局的最終決策提供科學依據；模糊綜合評判方法簡單、清晰、實用，能使更多的因素參與評判，克服了路線方案選擇時存在的主觀隨意性；層次分析法做到高等級公路路線布局方案由單因素指標評判過渡到多因素指標的綜合評判，結果具有說服力。Thus the second-lowest energy level of the particle in a cube is threefold degenerate.
於是立方體中的第二最低能級是三重簡並的。Abstract : solid propellant rocket motors are preferred for most ballistic missiles because they need simple maintenance and can be launched quickly. but the conventional thrust termination devices limit the depletion of every stage ' s grain and increase some extra - weight. an improved method for designing a multi - stage solid rocket based depleted shutdown was provided. in order to solve the problem of lack of thrust termination devices, a device to adjust the burnout angle will match the final burnout velocity and satisfy the desired range. the method can also limit the detection from anti - ballistic missile system
文摘:由於維護簡單和發射快速，彈道導彈多用固體火箭發動機，但繁雜的推力終止裝置使各級裝藥不能耗盡並讓結構增重.提出了一種對基於耗盡關機多級固體火箭概念設計的改進方法，此方法滿足導彈系統主要的戰技要求.為解決無推力終止裝置的末速不準問題，可在末級發動機採用姿態調整裝置，對射角進行調整，配合末速以滿足射程要求.本方法還可抑制敵方反導探測Indium stannum oxide ( ito ) as semiconductor have caused a great deal of interest due to their prominent electro - optical behavior. ito has high prominent transmittance, high infrared reflectance, good electrical conductivity, ito applied as gas sensors, photovoltaic devices, heat reflecting mirrors, solar cells, flat panel displays, liquid crystal displays, electroluminescent, devices and organic light - emitting diodes ( oled ) etc. although preparations and applications of ito films have been studied deeply. nano - ito composites hardly studied
氧化銦錫（ ito ）是一種高簡並的n型半導體，由於具有導電性，可見光高透過率，紅外反射性，穩定的化學性，被廣泛應用於熱反射建築玻璃、抗靜電塗層，太陽能電池，熱發射鏡，平板顯示器和液晶顯示屏，傳感器，有機光致二級管（ oled ）等方面，國內外對高質量的ito薄膜的制備和應用進行了深入的研究，但是很少有ito納米粒子與高分子材料復合的報道。Simplified formula of secular equation for hydrogen atom zeeman effect in a high magnetic field
均勻磁場中氫原子低能級簡並度的解除The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit, credit risk and credit assessment, as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology, and the background of expert system and neural network. characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data, including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis, and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology, and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system. it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system, the major functional models and their interfaces, and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work, and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method
本文具體內容安排如下：第一章介紹了信用、信用風險、信用評價的概念，回顧了信用評價的歷史、發展和現狀，並綜合各種信用評價模型，指出這些模型各自的優缺點：第二章簡單描述了人工智慧技術，著重介紹有關專家系統與神經網路的基礎知識，通過總結它們的優缺點，指出結合專家系統與神經網路構造混合型專家系統的必要性；本章還介紹了神經網路子模塊的概念，提出了混合型專家系統的一般框架與設計步驟：第三章對樣本數據進行處理，包括異常數據的剔除、因子分析等，提出了信用評價混合型專家系統的具體框架結構，介紹了系統知識庫的主要部分、基於優先級的正向推理機制的流程、以及基於事實的自動解釋機制的具體實現方法；第四章介紹了面向對象技術，進而採用面向對象對信用評價系統進行分析，建立了對象模型和功能模型，並在此基礎上，採用c + +語言以規則類為例說明系統中具體類的實現，用偽代碼的形式描述了推理的演算法；第五章描述了整個系統的結構，對系統主要功能模塊和界面進行了介紹，並總結系統的特點；第六章總結了全文，指出本文所構造系統存在的不足以及對將來的展望。According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d
本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。By the browser / web server / database structure and the technology of asp. net and xml, we achieve the expert system running on the network, extend the application and ensure its backward compatibility ; we have the deep research to the representation of knowledge and apply it to the system, extend the traditional method of rule based knowledge representation ; introduce the fuzzy sets, analyze the generalized possibility interval sets, and combine the linguistic variables and fuzzy sets ; the system adopts the forward and backward chaining, researches the reasoning under uncertainty and inexact reasoning ; and we depart knowledge base and inference engine, make the upgrade simple and maintenance convenient. in the last, we construct the potato produce manage system according to the phases of potato ' s growth to give a detailed instruct to its produc e
Net和xml技術，實現了網路化的專家系統，同時擴大了專家系統的應用范圍，提高了系統的後向兼容性；對專家系統中的知識表示技術作了深入探討，在傳統的基於規則的知識表示方法的基礎上，提出了基於規則擴展的知識表示方法，並較好地將其應用到本系統中；引入了模糊集合，分析並推導了廣義可能區間集，將其應用於模糊知識的表示，將語言變量和模糊集合結合起來；提出對系統採用互動式知識獲取途徑、雙向推理控制策略，對不精確推理和不確定性推理的傳播演算法作了一定的研究，成功地將其應用到馬鈴薯專家系統的構建之中；採用知識庫和推理機相分離的方法，使得系統升級簡單易行。For nondegenerate(δ)levels, there is no element of choice in the wave function.
對非簡並的（）能級，波函數沒有選擇的餘地。Decoherence of two - level atom in degenerate two - photon processes
簡並雙光子過程中兩能級原子的消相干Considering that the characteristics of our country ' s highway tunnels are always of long spans, tabular and of various geometry, by means of thorough analysis of the different problems existed in the design of support structures of the tunnels at present, this paper pays special attention to the two key problems, optimization method of form selection of structural section of the tunnel as well as the stability and bearing capacity of the support structures, in the design of the long and large tunnel on high - class highway, introduces the simplified complex - form optimum method in the structure optimization theory, discusses the optimum design model of lining section of highway tunnel with satisfying demands in building clearance, ventilation and load conditions, puts forward an optimization method of form selection of three different kinds of lining sectional forms ( i. e. single - center circle, three - center tabular circle and three - center sharp circle ), establishes a complete set of systematic optimum design the ory and method of long and large tunnel on high - class highway, develops the corresponding computer software used on the planned xuefeng mountain highway tunnel on shaoyang to huaihua expressway in hunan province for optimization of form selections of the structural sections, and obtains a series of relatively reasonable structural design parameters
本文針對我國公路隧道多為大跨度、扁平、幾何形狀呈多樣化的特點，通過深入分析目前隧道支護結構設計中存在的各種問題，抓住高等級公路長大隧道設計中隧道結構斷面的優化選型及隧道支護結構的穩定性與承載能力兩個核心問題，引入結構優化理論中的簡易復合形優化方法，深入探討了滿足建築限界、通風條件、受力狀態約束等條件下公路隧道襯砌斷面優化設計模型，提出了三種襯砌斷面形狀（單心圓、坦三心圓和尖三心圓）的優化選型方法，建立起一套完善的高等級公路長大隧道的系統優化設計理論與方法，並開發出相應的計算機程序，用於擬建的上海至瑞麗國道主幹線湖南省邵陽至懷化高速公路雪峰山長大高速公路隧道的結構斷面優化選型，得出了一系列較為合理的支護結構設計參數。Doors xt enables an enterprise to demonstrate conformance to customer requirements and compliance to industry and government regulations via easy - to - create multi - level, cross - project, database - wide traceability reports ; and to accurately estimate cost of changes with simple multi - level impact reports
通過易於生成的多級別、跨項目且數據庫范圍的可追蹤性報告，支持企業證實與客戶需求的一致性以及對行業及政府規定的順從性；並且能夠以簡單的多級別影響報告準確估計變更的成本。Further more, the removal of the degeneracy of the hydrogen atom is discussed, mainly studying the hydrogen atom in two orthogonal non - uniform electric fields and in high uniform magnetic field
本文還對氫原子能級簡並解除進行了探討，主要是研究了處在正交線性非均勻電場中的氫原子以及處在均勻高強度磁場（ b 10 ~ 6t ）中的氫原子。( 3 ) the electric field breaks the energy degeneracy for symmetrical impurity position in the well, the results show that the redshift and blueshift of the impurity stark energy shift as the impurity position. ( 4 ) under the same external electric field, the impurity stark energy shift is obviously different with the different aspect ratio of the quantum well wires
（ 3 ）當施主離子位於勢阱中不同位置時，零電場下量子阱線中的雜質態是關于施主離子位置中心對稱的簡並態，在外加電場作用下發生能級分裂，這種簡並不再存在;雜質的stark能移由於施主離子位置的不同表現為紅移或藍移。The results indicate that the target spectrum is transformed into two sub - spectra : a random one and a regular one, and that the repulsion level of the regular spectrum is also decreased
研究表明，由於簡並的存在，簡並譜不僅可分解成隨機譜和規則譜兩個子譜，同時還影響其規則譜，使規則譜的能級斥力減少。Based on this point, penman combines the good approximation capacity of fuzzy system and the merits of internal model control, such as simple design, good regulation capacity, high robustness and elimination of the unknown disturbance etc. to construct the fuzzy internal model control system based on ga, which is characterized by high robustness and quick response speed, furthermore, it can bring good control performance when the controlled objects vary in a big range. at last, it is triumphantly used in simulation of the 1st superheated steam temperature reduction control system
正是基於這種思想，筆者結合內模控制設計簡單、調節性能好、魯棒性強並能消除不可測干擾的影響的特點和模糊系統的良好的函數逼近能力提出基於遺傳演算法的模糊內模控制，其特點是系統的魯棒性強、快速性好，且當被控對象在較大范圍內變化時，控制系統仍然具有良好的調節特性，並將此控制方案成功地應用於500mw機組一級減溫控制系統的模擬中。Moreover, we obtain the energy band structure, and the band width of the low - lying energy spectrum of the becs due to the quantum tunneling between degenerate ground states. thus we are able to investigate the coherent properties of the bose - josephson oscillations
此外，我們獲得了由於量子隧穿導致的簡並基態能級劈裂，計算了低能能譜的帶寬，在此基礎上討論了玻色?約瑟夫森振蕩的相干特性。A new method of calculating wave function of degenerate energy level for conjugated molecules
一種獲得共軛分子簡並能級波函數的方法Second, we try to find another kind of realization of yangian so that we can study the symmetry of this system based on a different point of view. we find that there is yangian symmetry in dirac oscillator, as a result, we are able to shift one degenerate state to anther in the same energy level. then we construct the corresponding transfer matrix to determine the rtt integrability of dirac oscillator
然後，本文尋找dirac諧振子的另外一種yangian實現形式，從另一個角度研究該體系的對稱性，從而表明dirac諧振子這里這種實現下具有yangian對稱性，這樣，我們可以實現在同一個能級的不同簡並態之間的躍遷，再構造出相應的整體轉移矩陣，確定dirac諧振子在rtt意義下的量子可積性的問題。Several important conclusions are gained by the analysis of push - over method and quasi - static reversal load pattern to a reinforced concrete structure : under the two earthquakes, the responses of structure are more serious than the responses under single earthquake, by the conclusion, it is not rationality that structure ' s earthquake damage prediction under single earthquake ; the main - after earthquake action is different from fore - main earthquake action under the same earthquake magnitude combination ; the push - over analysis to the structure is convenient and utility, it also reflects the response and performance of structure under the earthquake, so the method ' s development future is wide. based on the research of the former scholars, some means of structure resisting earthquake are introduced in the last part of this thesis, and the result of earthquake damage prediction for the planning area of quanzhou city is given
通過對一鋼筋混凝土結構進行push - over分析與擬靜力循環往復加載分析，得到了一些重要結論：在兩次地震動作用下，結構物的反應比僅考慮一次地震動作用時的反應要嚴重的多，從而說明傳統上僅僅考慮一次地震動作用的建築物震害預測是不合理的：即使在同震級組合的兩次地震作用下，前震主震型、主震餘震型地震對結構物產生的破壞作用也是不盡相同的；對結構物進行靜力彈塑性分析的方法（ push - over方法）簡便實用，並能較準確地反映大震下結構的一般性能和反應，再一次的證明了該方法具有廣闊的發展前景；根據前人的研究成果，在本文的最後，簡單的介紹了一些結構物抵禦多次地震破壞作用的方法，並給出了泉州市規劃區內鋼筋混凝土框架結構群體震害預測的結果。分享友人