粗略成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [cūlüèchéngběn]
粗略成本 英文
rough cost
  • 粗 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （長條東西直徑大的） wide （in diameter）; thick 2 （長條東西兩長邊的距離寬的） wide （i...
  • 略 : Ⅰ名詞1 （簡單扼要的敘述） summary; outline; brief account; résumé: 節略 memorandum; aide mémoire;...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 粗略 : （大略; 不精確） rough; sketchy
  1. This is a concise discussion of the potential costs and benefits of constructing a new, much less circuitous road to link nepal and india ; the paper uses rough estimates of unit costs for building roads and tunnels and for operating highway vehicles ; there is a summary of financial, social, and political issues, plus some discussion concerning political issues

    這篇文章簡要討論建造一條較少彎路的公路以連接尼泊爾和印度，此工程的潛在成本和效益；文章利用粗略的單位成本估計建造公路和隧道，以及汽車使用公路營運成本；還有財務，社會和政治議題的簡介，此外有一些關于政治議題的討論。
  2. As these methods exist shortages, advanced diagnosis strategy is presented, which combines the fuzzy neural network instead of fuzzy inference to rules inference. the problem of accuracy ratio decline because of roughness of fuzzy synthesizing algorithm has been solved. an example of car diagnosis is given and validity of this method has been proved

    因此本章提出了以模糊神經網路代替模糊推理並與規則推理相結合的先進診斷策略，解決了因模糊合成演算法的粗糙性使診斷成功率下降或診斷錯誤的問題，並給出了一個車輛故障診斷實例，驗證了上述方法的正確性和有效性。
  3. Abstract : this article briefly introduc input - output analysis, and its application to analyzing the housing industry of japan, and the actuality and challenges in the development of housing industry in china ; discusses the importance of analyzing input and output and creating its input - output table between chinese housing industry and its correlative industries ; roughly analysed the influence of the housing industry of chongqing on its district economy and the action of inducing the development of its correlative industries

    文摘:簡單扼要地介紹了投入產出分析及其在日本住宅產業分析中的成功應用和我國住宅產業現狀及發展所面臨的挑戰，論述了對我國的住宅產業和相關行業進行投入產出分析，建立住宅產業與相關行業的系列投入產出模型的重要性，粗略地分析了重慶市住宅產業對重慶市地區經濟的影響和對相關行業的誘發作用。
  4. The control equation consist of completely coupled deformation equation, seepage equation, conduction and convection equation of heat, which describe the reservoir non - liner performance. 2, present the detailed strategy and methods to solve this mathematics model, the basic strategy as follows : regard the deformation equation ? seepage equation conduction and convection equation of heat as separate system, and solve the equation by coupling and iterative method ; disperse the control equation in the geometry field by the finite element method ( galerkin ), and in the time field by the finite difference method : programme the computer program on this task ; when the solving, take the combinative measures of the thick and thin mesh ; successfully carry out the numerical simulation in vast 3d heat extraction system of hdr

    2 、提出了高溫巖體地熱開發的固、流、熱多場耦合數學模型的數值解法，其基本的求解策略是：將固體變形，流體滲流與溫度場方程看成獨立的子系統，耦合迭代求解；利用有限元離散（ galerkin ）方法將控制方程在幾何域上離散，並用差分法得到時間域上的離散方程，並在此基礎上，編制了相應的計算機源程序；有限元求解中，為減小邊界效應的影響，在計算中採取粗細網格結合的方法，順利地實現了高溫巖體地熱開發三維巨系統的數值模擬。
  5. In this thesis, we introduce the basic operating mode of csc briefly, then we point out the problems which lies in our service quality control index system. the main problem is that we are n ' t able to measure the kpi ( key process index ) exactly. the mean of the index could n ' t tell us the defects in the service process and the gap between our work and the demands of our clients

    本文在簡單介紹了服務支持型客戶服務中心基本建設模式的基礎上，指出現階段我們的服務質量監控指標體系存在的問題，主要在於對服務過程的指標度量比較粗略，只計算指標的平均值，不能客觀反映客戶服務中心服務過程的能力和客戶需求之間的差距，也未考慮客戶服務中心的成本效率因素，為此我們導入6管理理念。
  6. Therefore, based on formers " research and recurring to the rather strong ability of holding mistakes possessed by rough set theory, this paper present a new attribute reduction arithmetic as well as an improved value reduction arithmetic based on the combination of rough set theory and duality boolean calculation, and use it to handle the reduction progress of the decision table including all kinds of fault cases which is established by considering the signals of protection relays and circuit breakers, then form the general mixed knowledge model and bring up an idea about automatic production of decision table

    為此，本文在前人研究的基礎上嘗試藉助粗糙集理論所具有的較強的容錯能力，提出了基於粗糙集理論與二值邏輯運算相結合的屬性約簡演算法以及改進的值約簡演算法，並將其應用於由斷路器和保護為條件屬性，考慮各種故障情況所組成的診斷決策表的約簡過程中，形成了混合策略知識模型，同時提出了診斷決策表自生成的基本思想。
  7. But affected buy plan economy way, hunan electric power line equipment & materials factory haven ’ t research on iron tower product marketing : research on electric power build environment and policy ; forecast of iron tower product market capacity and market prospect in coming 5 - 10 years or far. thereby is lack of integration think about iron tower product marketing strategy. in this thesis, the author coalition strategy, management, marketing and finance knowledge, on the base of economy, policy, technology macro … environment and produce, technology, manpower, finance ability, corporation culture, marketing manage way micro environment assay, exert swot way, discovery the strengths 、 weaknesses 、 opportunities and threats on hunan electric power line equipment & materials factory iron tower product

    在本文中，作者結合所學習的戰略管理、營銷和財務知識，在湖南電力線路器材廠鐵塔產品市場競爭的經濟、政策、技術和行業等外部和生產規模、技術能力、人力資源、財務能力、企業文化、營銷管理模式等內部環境進行粗略分析基礎上，運用swot方法歸納了湖南電力線路器材廠鐵塔產品營銷的政策、歷史悠久、品牌知名度和美譽度高、技術積累、文化等方面的優勢和體制約束、生產規模和生產能力偏小、資金周轉困難、鐵塔加工成本過高、營銷管理模式等方面的劣勢，以及經濟發展和技術革新帶來的機會和體制改革和新的加工工藝帶來的威脅，根據企業的營銷戰略目標，進而提出了相關的鐵塔產品組合、產品包裝和服務策略、價格策略、渠道策略和顧客關系、供應商關系和同行關系等關系營銷策略和具體實施，並制定其營銷實施方案。
  8. Setting from the two perspectives of the historical development and the theory of international relations, and from the macro and micro aspects, with the extension of the connotation of petroleum resources as the clue, this essay goes further step by step, trying to show the influence of international politics, especially with the emphasis on the study of the prominence of the strategic meaning of petroleum resources since world war i, the creation of international petroleum market after world war ii and the challenge between the two large international petroleum organizations ; making efforts to master the specific properties, essence and developing tendency in the three stages of petroleum resources as common goods, strategic material and political products ; analyzing some negative factors which the petroleum resources produce on the up - date world economy and national security

    本文從歷史演進和國際關系理論兩種視角，從宏觀和微觀兩個層面，以石油資源內涵的擴展為線，層層深入，力圖展示其對國際政治的影響，尤其側重於研究自第一次世界大戰以來石油資源戰略意義的凸現，及二戰后國際石油市場的形成與兩大國際石油組織的相互博弈與互動，力求準確地把握石油資源作為普通商品、戰略物質與政治產品三個階段的特性、實質和發展趨勢，剖析石油資源對當今世界經濟與國家安全的一些消極因素，並且針對我國石油安全現狀，粗略提出了一些應對措施，以試圖闡述能源安全的重要性及展示其發展的歷史脈絡。
  9. Example : [ / color ] the report containing hte manager ' s sketchy plans for new product development said very little about the cost or time requirements of such efforts

    這份包含了經理對開發新產品的粗略計劃的報告，對開發的成本和時間要求說得很少。
  10. Moreover, a concept model for the service market, a detailed analysis on the service function on telecom products market and its economic and social benefit have been designed and made in this paper. furthermore, it formulates the developing strategies for the telecom service market in consideration of many aspects such as the developing phase and frame of the service market, service model, market strategy, combination of service and market and future developing direction, etc. the paper also analyzes the example of service system of foreign telecom suppliers. the suppliers should provide low - cost and high - value service for telecom operators, and help the operators to strengthen their core competition ability for the enterprises, at the same time, the suppliers will transfer their service model from present open model to a new value added model gradually

    本文從電信產品服務的現狀出發，深入研究了其存在的問題和採取的相關對策，設計服務市場的概念模型，詳細分析了服務對電信產品市場的作用及其所產生的經濟、社會效益，並從服務市場的開發階段、電信業的服務市場架構、服務模式、供應商的服務市場戰略、服務與市場融合及服務市場未來發展方向等方面重點闡述了電信服務市場的開發策略，並進行了相關國外電信供應商的服務體系實例分析，說明供應商應為運營客戶提供低成本、高增值的服務，協助其提升企業核心競爭力，同時供應商的服務模式也將從現有的粗放型逐步轉換成有償增值服務的新模式，通過該新模式運作力求客戶滿意與公司效益的平衡，在保證客戶滿意的原則下，既增長客戶所需求價值，又能同時增強公司的核心競爭力，力求實現客戶滿意和公司滿意的雙贏目標。
  11. The problem of signal processing for direct - sequence code - division - multiple - access ( ds - cdma ) signal over multipath frequency - selective mobile channels is considered. a new blind receiver is proposed. without the knowledge of the multiple - access interference users spreading code and the channel characteristics, the receiver achieves blind detection with prior knowledge of only the desired users spreading code and approximate timing. by using reduced rank adaptive decorrelating filter and adaptive multipath combiner which is based on decision - directed algorithm, the receiver gets the ability to combat both fading and the near - far effect at low cost. simulation results demonstrate that the proposed receiver offers high performance

    本文研究多徑頻率選擇性衰落通道下直接序列擴頻碼分多址（ ds - cdma ）信號的處理問題，提出了一種新型的盲接收機.該接收機不需預知多址干擾用戶的擴頻碼，不需預知通道參數，只需已知期望用戶的擴頻碼和粗略的定時，就可以完成用戶的盲檢測.同時，該接收機通過降維自適應去相關濾波和基於判決指導的自適應多徑合併，來獲得低成本和良好的抗衰落、抗遠近效應性能.模擬結果驗證了本文提出的接收機的優良性能
  12. This article mainly emphasize on the classification of coarse grained soil from the viewpoint of engineering application ( content of coarse grains ), vibrating method is introduced in the shaping. meanwhile, research is made to the water stability and shear strength. through research, following conclusions are obtained : coarse grained gradation is the main factors to determine its shear strength, when the coarse grains content is over 70 % or around, the maximum shear strength appears : the grains itself have a bigger effect on the shear strength

    以往對粗粒土的研究方法多採用擊實法，很少有人研究其抗剪強度特性，本文主要從工程應用的角度（粗粒含量）對粗粒土進行工程分類，成型方法採用振動法，同時對水穩定性、抗剪強度特性進行研究，通過研究得出以下結論：顆粒組成級配特性是決定其抗剪強度的主要因素，當粗粒含量在70左右時，抗剪強度最大；顆粒本身的特性對抗剪強度影響較大，顆粒越堅硬、大小顆粒相差越大、越不均勻、顆粒形狀越呈稜角狀、填築密度越大，抗剪強度就越高；含水量對抗剪強度的影響很小，可以忽略不計。
  13. In company with the modernization of economy and society, the amount of crimes is arising amazingly while the judiciary resource ca n ' t increase correspondingly. so it is impossible for the wide application of formed judicial procedure, and the action efficiency becomes the unavoidable practical problem. only the diversion system can make the criminal judicial organization remain the basic ability to treat the crimes and avoid the phenomenon that the state has no capacity to prosecute all crimes, only standing by toward all kinds of crimes and simplifying the formal judicial procedure

    與經濟和社會的現代化相伴生，許多國家的犯罪勢頭都在迅猛增長，而國家的司法資源卻往往不能得到同樣的增加，因此正式司法程序的普遍適用已經不再可能，訴訟效率問題成為人們無法迴避的現實問題，只有採取分流制度，才有可能使國家刑事司法系統保持對犯罪的基本應對能力，避免出現國家無力全面追訴犯罪、從而對眾多犯罪坐視不管、以及將正式司法程序也高度簡略化、粗糙化的現象。
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