細根層 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [xìgēncéng]
細根層
英文
rootlet bed-
They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem
本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。Sample ' s analyses and tests in laboratory, this thesis makes a detailed research on holocene deposits characteristics of mu us desert, especially on characteristics of grain size composition, which break through previous description of determining the nature and gain a series of number indexes. at the same time, this thesis has also researched arenaceous source on every part of mu us. firstly mu us desert ' s forming process is deeply influenced by the east asian monsoon, the grain size gradually becomes smaller, while the magnetic susceptibility becomes larger from northwest to southeast this phenomenon not only appears on the surface of mu us, but also obviously reflects on the same layer of different places
根據大量野外詳細考察和室內樣品分析與測試，本文對毛烏素沙地全新世地層沉積特徵做了細致的探討，尤其對區域地層的粒度組成特徵做了進一步的研究，突破了以往的定性描述，得出了一系列量化指標；結合野外的考察工作，對其不同地區的沙質來源做了詳細分析，主要得出以下結論： 1 、毛烏素沙地形成過程深受東亞季風影響，粒度自西北向東南逐漸變細、磁化率值逐漸變大。A pair of new inodorous halfsilk black ladies hose, a pair of new violet garters, a pair of outsize ladies drawers of india mull, cut on generous lines, redolent of opoponax, jessamine and muratti s turkish cigarettes and containing a long bright steel safety pin, folded curvilinear, a camisole of baptiste with thin lace border, an accordion underskirt of blue silk moirette, all these objects being disposed irregularly on the top of a rectangular trunk, quadruple battened, having capped corners, with multicoloured labels, initialled on its fore side in white lettering b. c. t. brian cooper tweedy
一雙嶄新沒有氣味半絲質的黑色女長筒襪，一副紫羅蘭色新襪帶，一條印度細軟薄棉布做的大號女襯褲，剪裁寬松，散發著苦樹脂素馨香水和穆拉蒂牌土耳其香煙的氣味，還別著一根鋥亮的鋼質長別針，折疊成曲線狀。一件鑲著薄花邊的短袖麻紗襯衣，一條藍紋綢百褶襯裙。這些衣物都胡亂放在一隻長方形箱蓋上：四邊用板條釘牢，四角是雙層的，貼著五顏六色的標簽，正面用白字寫有首字b . c . t布賴恩庫珀特威迪。The bacteri of strain tl2 were found to be mainly distributed in the intercellular space of sclerenchyma in the root, the intercellular space of collenchyma and vascular bundle in the stem, the stomatal apparatus, the intercellular space of epidermal cell, collenchyma and endodermis in the leaf
其菌體主要分佈在根部厚壁組織的細胞間隙，莖部厚角組織的細胞間隙、維管束等組織的細胞間隙、葉片的氣孔器附近、上下表皮細胞間隙、厚角組織細胞間隙以及內皮層組織細胞間隙等。The ultrastructure of the merozoites of eimeria tenellawas observed and discribed. the pellicle consist of two layer membranes, the outer membrane was a continous covering enclosing the whole merozoites, while the inner pellicular complex is interrupted at the anterior and the micropore, and thicken to form the polar ring and micropore. there are 24 microtubules under the pellicle of the merozoite which originated from the polar ring, all of them are connected with the polar ring, and extend alongside the inner pellicular complex to the middle of the merozoite. the head of the merozoite consists of a conoid, an apical vesicule and polar ring. the conoid is a hollow truncated cone. the conoid and spical vesicule can stretch and contract. there are three or more rhoptry and a lot of micronemes. the nucleus has nucleolus. and two layer membranes
利用透射電鏡對柔嫩艾美耳球蟲裂殖子的超微結構進行了觀察描述.柔嫩艾美耳球蟲裂殖子的表膜由外膜和內膜復合體兩層組成，外膜連續，內膜復合體在頭部斷開形成極環，在其它部位斷開形成微孔；裂殖子的膜下微管24根，起始於極環，向後延伸至細胞核處；裂殖子的頭部由頂泡、錐體和極環組成，錐體和頂泡可以伸縮；柔嫩艾美耳球蟲裂殖子棒狀體3個以上，微線數量很多，二者都由電子緻密的結構組成；細胞核位於裂殖子的中後部，外被雙層膜，有電子緻密的核仁和染色質The infection-thread enters and branches in cells of the root cortex.
侵染線進入根的皮層細胞並進行分枝。We have observed the following characteristics of anatomical structure and development : ( 1 ) the primary roots belong to archetype and the lateral roots occur in the position toward the xylem of the vascular cylinder ; ( 2 ) the root endodermis consists of thicken casparian strips, and there are from two lo four layers parenchyma cells near the pericycle ; ( 3 ) the pith and resins canals are absent in the toots ; ( 4 ) secondary structure occurs in the root hair zone, and vascular cambium is formed from the parenchyma cells between the primary xylem and primary phloem ; ( 5 ) tanning materials are abundant in pericycle cells and phelloderm cells ; ( 6 ) sclereids are found in secondary phloem, and rays are rather rich in secondary xylem
結果表明：氣生不定根具有以下結構特徵和發育特點： （ 1 ）根為二原型，側根正對著木質部發生； （ 2 ）幼根內皮層細胞具凱氏帶加厚，維管柱內緊挨中柱鞘內側具有2 ~ 4層大型薄壁細胞； （ 2 ）根中無髓和樹脂道； （ 4 ）次生結構發生於根毛區，維管形成層由初生木質部和初生韌皮部之間的薄壁細胞轉化形成； （ 5 ）中柱鞘和栓內層細胞富含單寧類物質； （ 6 ）次生韌皮部有石細胞，次生木質部射線發達。There are many adaptive changes in the two research subjects ( artemisia. songarica schrenk. and seriphidium. santolinum ( schrenk ) polijak. ) in morphology and anatomy, such as with the increase of the daily age, the root - shoots ratio increased ; the root became stronger ; the ratio of leaf volume and leaf area increased ; the volume of epidermic cell decreased ; the cut - icle and phellem layer on the surface of root thickened. stoma caved in leaf ; epidermal hair of leaf and stem well - developed, palisde tissue developed well, the cell gap decreased ; the spongy tissue disappeared ; leaf is kinds of isolateralthat is the typical xeromorphic structure ; crystal cell and fibric cell increased ; conducting tissue and mechanical tissue developed well ; bundle sheath appeared
實驗研究的兩種菊科（ compositae ）植物（準噶爾沙蒿（ artemisiasongaricaschrenk ）和沙漠絹蒿（ seriphidiumsantolinum （ schrenk ） poljak . ） ） ，形態解剖方面的變化表現為：隨日齡增加，根長/株高比值日益增大；根系逐漸發達；體積與葉面積比逐漸增大；表皮細胞體積變小；角質層增厚；根外部出現加厚的木栓層；氣孔下陷；葉、莖部的表皮毛密布，柵欄組織日益發達；而細胞間隙日漸變小；海綿組織逐漸消失；葉面結構常為典型旱生結構? ?等葉面；晶細胞及纖維細胞數目增多；輸導組織、機械組織日漸發達；具有維管束鞘等等。Trichomes are unicellular or pluricellular outgrowths from the epidermis of leaves, shoots, and roots.
毛狀體是葉片、枝條和根的皮層的單細胞或多細胞的外生物。Exodermis an outermost layer of thickened or suberized cortical cells that sometimes replaces the epidermal layer in the older parts of roots if the epidermal cells have died
外皮層：薄的或木栓化的皮層細胞的最外層。如果根的較老部分表皮細胞死亡，它通常取而代之。Under the stress of nacl lower than 100 mmol / l, the tissue structure of root had no distinct difference from the control. when the concentration of nacl was higher than 250 mmol / l, the stained color of safranine was deep but not even, and color in fibrovascular tissue and peripheral cortex cell were deeper than that around fibrovascular tissue. wild type arabidopsis thaliana and two salt - tolerance mutants were used for rapd analysis
當nacl濃度小於100mmol l時，根組織結構與對照未表現出明顯的差異；但當nacl濃度達到250mmol l時，根組織結構對番紅染料的著色較深而且不均勻，維管組織和外圍皮層細胞著色較深，而維管組織周圍的細胞著色較淺。We synthetically discussed intraspecific differentiation and evolution, from four biotic levels of population, individual, cell and gene. intraspecific differentiations in morphology were investigated firstly. the results indicated that there are varied polymorphsim within populations, and obvious polytypism among populations
本文在形態分類的基礎上，根據居群生物學的原理和方法，對淡黃花百合的形態學、細胞學、分子生物學進行了研究，從居群、個體、細胞和基因四個層次綜合探討了該種植物的種內分化與進化。1. the study of comparative anatomy on the structure of seedlings of acorus tatarinowii and zantedeschia aethiopica suggested a. tatarinowii was more primitive " x " - shape mesarch haplostele, while z aethiopica atactostele ; the actinostele of root of the former was di - to octoarch, but the latter only di - to pentarch ; the pattern of endothecial wall thickening in a. tatarinowii was characteristic of five - face thickened and contained passage cell, while z. aethiopica four - faced thickened and known as casparian strip
通過對石菖蒲和馬蹄蓮幼苗結構的比較解剖學研究，發現石菖蒲幼苗的子葉節區下部為原始的中始式二原型的「工」字形的單中柱，而馬蹄蓮為散生中柱；石菖蒲根的維管柱為2 - 8原型星狀中柱，馬蹄蓮為2 - 5原型星狀中柱。石菖蒲根的內皮層細胞壁為馬蹄形五面加厚；而馬蹄蓮為凱氏帶四面加厚。In cultivated salvia miltiorrhiza roots, light - colored periderm contained less layers of cells and low ratio of phloem to xylem, compared with those in wild salvia rniltiorrhiza roots
栽培丹參根的周皮細胞層數少、色淡，韌皮部與木質部比值小，而野生丹參根的周皮細胞層數多、顏色重，韌皮部與木質部比值大。The stems and rhizomes were observed to differ in cortex - cell layer, perivascular fiber - ring presence, vascular cylinder and pith proportions, vascular bundle number and secondary growth and these differences were associated with their own physiological functions
地上莖和根狀莖之間在皮層細胞層數、周維纖維柱的有無、維管柱和髓所佔比例、維管束束數、次生生長等方面存在差異，這些差異與它們各自擔負的生理功能相關聯。Based on the reseaching of lycoris leaf micro - morphology characters by sem scanning, light microscope viewing and using paraffin method in the article, we try to provide the proofs of experiment and the efffective characer indexes to discuss the system and evolution of the lycoris. we find these microscope characers through reseach are as follows : the arrangement type, density and the length of stoma ; the shape and length of the epidermal cells ; the ridge of epidermis ; the transverse shape of leaf ; the number of the vascular bundle ; the style of vessel arrangement of vascular bundle in the middle vein ; the layers of palisade tissue ; the ratio of the thicken of palisade tissue to that of spongy tissue ; the angle number of the middle leaf ; the type of ventilating cavity etc. these characters are different from those of species in lycoris, meanwhile these characters are similar to those of some species in lycoris. so these characters can be used as the character indexes for differentiating species and reseaching systematic evolution of lycoris ; we can divide lycoris into two subgenus by these characteristic indexes : the species of one subgenus are l. aurea ( l " her. ) herb, chinensis traub, l. caldweuii traub, l. anhuiensis y. hsu et q. j. fan, l. longituba y. hsu et q. j. fan ; the species of another subgenu s are l. houdyshelii traub, l. albiflora koidz.,
研究結果表明：葉表皮的氣孔排列方式、長度、長寬比，脊的明顯與否，葉表皮上的顆粒紋飾的多少、大小，葉表皮細胞長度、長寬比、垂周壁形狀，上部葉柵欄組織細胞層數、葉的維管束數、葉中脈導管組成數目，氣腔類型，葉的脊部遠軸面的角數，葉緣的形狀等這些特徵在種間存在差異，同時，在有些種之間又有相似性；因此，這些特徵既可以作為區分種的證據，又是研究石蒜屬植物系統演化的性狀指標，根據這些性狀指標，可以將石蒜屬植物大致分為兩個亞屬：一是忽地笑、中國石蒜、短蕊石蒜、安徽石蒜、長筒石蒜，二是江蘇石蒜、乳白石蒜、石蒜、玫瑰石蒜、稻草石蒜；在兩個亞屬中其中有些種如忽地笑、長筒石蒜、中國石蒜的親緣關系則更近些。On the loess plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. even - aged stands of robinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. the results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root ( < 3mm ) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, indicated that the value of on northern exposition was more than 0. 982, while the value of on southern exposition was less than 0. 982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth of robinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. and the distribution depth of fine roots ( < 1mm ) was deeper than that of thicker roots ( < 3mm ), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree
在中國西北黃土高原地區，水分是樹木生長發育的主要限制因子.根系分佈特徵由於反映了樹木對環境條件的利用程度而具有更加特殊的生態意義.本研究選擇陽坡和陰坡不同立地上年齡一致的刺槐林調查了根系分佈特徵.根系垂直分佈特徵的調查結果表明，在所有立地上，根系生物量隨著深度的增加而降低，其中細根的分佈深度大於粗根的分佈深度.方差分析結果表明:不同立地上不同徑級根系的分佈特徵也有明顯的差別，粗根是差異存在的主要原因，陰坡立地上的根系生物量，特別是細根生物量大於陽坡立地上的.對根系消弱系數的分析結果表明，陰坡立地上的根系消弱系數大於0 . 982 ，而陽坡立地上的根系消弱系數小於0 . 982 ，說明陰坡立地上刺槐根系的生物量在深層土壤中的分佈相對量更大一些.其中細根的根系消弱系數大於粗根的，這種根系分佈特徵有利於根系對深層土壤水分養分的吸收利用，進而促進樹木地上部分的生長發育.圖3表3參15Abstract : on the loess plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. even - aged stands of robinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. the results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root ( < 3mm ) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, indicated that the value of on northern exposition was more than 0. 982, while the value of on southern exposition was less than 0. 982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth of robinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. and the distribution depth of fine roots ( < 1mm ) was deeper than that of thicker roots ( < 3mm ), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree
文摘:在中國西北黃土高原地區，水分是樹木生長發育的主要限制因子.根系分佈特徵由於反映了樹木對環境條件的利用程度而具有更加特殊的生態意義.本研究選擇陽坡和陰坡不同立地上年齡一致的刺槐林調查了根系分佈特徵.根系垂直分佈特徵的調查結果表明，在所有立地上，根系生物量隨著深度的增加而降低，其中細根的分佈深度大於粗根的分佈深度.方差分析結果表明:不同立地上不同徑級根系的分佈特徵也有明顯的差別，粗根是差異存在的主要原因，陰坡立地上的根系生物量，特別是細根生物量大於陽坡立地上的.對根系消弱系數的分析結果表明，陰坡立地上的根系消弱系數大於0 . 982 ，而陽坡立地上的根系消弱系數小於0 . 982 ，說明陰坡立地上刺槐根系的生物量在深層土壤中的分佈相對量更大一些.其中細根的根系消弱系數大於粗根的，這種根系分佈特徵有利於根系對深層土壤水分養分的吸收利用，進而促進樹木地上部分的生長發育.圖3表3參15The estimate of fine root biomass in upper soil layer of larix olgensis plantation by geostatistics method
採用地統計學方法對落葉松人工純林表層細根生物量的估計At first, ploygon aggregate structure of concrete is randomly generated in two - dimensional plane with monte carlo method on the meso - level. then, the growth process of a crack of concrete 3 - point bending beam specimen is analyzed by fem, according to the criterion of maximum circumferential tensile stress. and the path of crack to spread in mortar, aggregate and interfaces of them is gained by the ultimate fracture criteria in construction standard that the width of crack should not be more than 0. 2mm
首先，在細觀層次上，根據蒙特卡羅隨機抽樣原理，在二維平面上建立了混凝土多邊形隨機骨料結構模型，然後採用有限元計算方法，根據最大周向正應力準則，對三點彎曲梁構件進行了開裂過程的模擬，並以建築規范中構件裂縫小於0 . 2mm的要求為最終破壞標準，得出了裂紋在基質、骨料及界面的擴展路徑。分享友人