The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate
論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國
信貸配
給現象之間的聯系:商業銀行對
信貸風險的態度變化,在辨別和控制
信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本,這一過程會導致
信貸配
給;商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致
信貸配
給;宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致
信貸配
給;商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化,近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化,這一變化過程可能導致
信貸配
給;在市場分化的條件下,收益水平低的市場會遭受
信貸配
給;在經濟下滑時期,商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配
給信貸;利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄,利差縮窄可能加重
信貸配
給的程度:在利率市場化條件下,弱勢借款者,包括中小企業,遭受
信貸配
給的程度可能得到緩解,但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。
Tax breaks : interest paid to a credit card is money down the drain. interest paid to a mortgage can be used as a tax write - off
減稅:支付
給信用卡的利息是血本無歸的,而支付
給貸款的利息可以用於稅務注銷
Tai situpa and over 10 rinpcohes would take ritual instruments to empower and to bless all participants
率十來位仁波切逐一
給信眾加持
Gettingfellow economists to accept your ideas is one thing ; transmitting them to thelaity in plain english is another
讓經濟學家們接受你的思想是一回事;把她們用淺顯的英語傳播
給信徒們是另外一回事。
Contribution to fundacion infantil alegria fe y esperanza
捐款
給信望與喜樂兒童基金會
And after you stole the picture, you chanded your mind about giving it to lord nobunaga ; and you devised a plan to keep it for yourself
你偷了字畫后又改變主意不願
給信長領主;於是想出一個計畫將它?為己有。
Forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats, which god hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth
他們禁止嫁娶,禁戒食物。食物本是神所造的,是
給信主和認識真理的人存感謝的心領受的。
[ kjv ] forbidding to marry, and commanding to abstain from meats, which god hath created to be received with thanksgiving of them which believe and know the truth
他們禁止嫁娶,禁戒食物。食物本是神所造的,是
給信主和認識真理的人存感謝的心領受的。
So then tongues are for a sign, not to those who believe but to the unbelievers ; but prophecy is for a sign not to the unbelievers but to those who believe
22這樣,方言不是
給信的人作表記,乃是
給不
信的人;但申言不是
給不
信的人作表記,乃是
給信的人。
1 cor. 14 : 22 so then tongues are for a sign, not to those who believe but to the unbelievers ; but prophecy is for a sign not to the unbelievers but to those who believe
林前十四22這樣,方言不是
給信的人作表記,乃是
給不
信的人;但申言不是
給不
信的人作表記,乃是
給信的人。
In the process of implementation, it is essential to find a scheme to solve the following problems : ( identification of the logic channel type of signals from handsets, which is the key to determine which decoding module should be called
本論文的主要任務是用dsp ,通過幾個模塊之間的聯調,實現基帶處理的接收模塊的功能。接收模塊主要完成gmsk解調和解碼功能,並將所解碼出的手機上行的
信號傳遞
給信令模塊。
Peer - to - peer ( p2p ) systems have become popular for their excellent performances, such as decentralization, efficiency, fault - tolerance and scalability
Peer - to - peer系統(簡稱p2p系統)以其分散式管理、高效路由、容錯性強和可擴展等優秀性能給信息社會帶來一股新的活力。