統一大地基準 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [tǒngyīdàdejīzhǔn]
統一大地基準
英文
universal geodetic datum-
With the development of the network and the multi - processor system, the research, simulation and the impemeni of the system - level fault diagnosis which is the very important means to increase the reliability of the system, are becoming more and more important. on the system - leve1 fault diagnosis, based on the group theory of system - level fault diagnosis that has been put forward by pro f zhang, the paper constructs newly the theory bases, improves on the matrix method, reinforces and consummates group arithmetic of all kinds of test mode, for the first time, analyses and discusses the equation solution of all kinds of models, so al1 the consistent fault patterns ( cfp ) could be found, straightly and high efficiently, even if the sufficient and necessary condition of t - diagnosable is dissatisfied and the complexity of system - level fault diagnosis is greatly decreased, especialy in strong t - diagnosabl6 system. last the simulation system ' s function has been extended and the application hotspot and the development trend have been disscussed
本人在張大方教授等人提出的基於集團的系統級故障診斷的理論基礎上，重新構建了系統級故障診斷的理論基礎，定義了系統級故障診斷測試模型的三值表示；改進了系統級故障診斷的矩陣方法，重新定義了測試矩陣、鄰接矩陣、結點對、結點對的相連運算、極大準集團和斜加矩陣，由此能直觀、簡便地生成集團和極大獨立點集；補充和完善了各類測試模型的系統級故障診斷的集團演算法，通過定義集團測試邊和絕對故障集，簡化了集團診斷圖，由此能較易地找到所有的相容故障模式，即使不滿足t -可診斷性，大大減少了系統級故障診斷的復雜度，尤其是對強t -可診斷系統；首次分析探討了各類測試模型的方程解決，由此從另一角度能系統地、高效率地求出所有的相容故障模式（ cfp ） ：擴充了系統級故障診斷模擬系統的功能，快速、直觀和隨機地模擬實驗運行環境，進行清晰和正確的診斷，同時提供大量的實驗數據用於理論研究，優化演算法和設計。Chapter2 is aim at estabilishing a suit of effective methods for wind effect analysises, including the mechanical model, the analytical approach, the experimental technique and the application of experimental results to real tall buildings, which are not only applicable for all the types of high - rise buildings without the limitations in the previous theories, but also conductive to further investigation of the wind - resistant capabilities and dynamic behaviours
在前人研究的基礎上本文進一步完善了高層建築的抗風理論。第三章系統地討論了大氣邊界層的風洞模擬問題。對大氣邊界層內風的一些特性以及大氣邊界層模擬中的相似準則進行了闡述，對模擬的設備和方法進行了說明。9. for calculating the variable fertilizing dose, a mathematics model was selected. the model takes account of the yield goal, soil fertility, fertilizer available ingredient content, and the fertilizer using efficient. in the beijing precision agriculture demo farm, the system was used for base map mapping, field boundary map update, soil nutrition map generating, yield map generating, and field basic information management
在北京精準農業示範區，對設計開發的農田地理信息、系統進行了gps測繪、坐標系轉換、電中國農業大學博士學位論文摘要一子地圖更新、土壤采樣規劃、田間信息分布圖與作物產量分布圖生成、農田管理區劃分、目標產量圖生成、變量施肥處方圖生成以及基本信息管理等方面的測試與實際工作。The following enterprises ' income taxes can be deducted or exempted for one year from their open dates after the approval of taxation departments newly established enterprises or business units keeping separate accounts that are engaged in public undertakings, commerce, materials, foreign trade, tourism, warehousing, resident service, catering, educational and cultural undertakings and health undertaking,
物流企業技術改造中購置國產設備可申請抵免所得稅；符合條件的可由總部統一交納所得稅；業務分包的可實行稅基照顧；佔地較大的現代物流企業經批準可減征城鎮土地使用稅。The writer pursues such a target : suit requirement of economic development of the socialist market, further reform and perfect system of individual income tax law, improve and enhance collection management, strengthen regulation of persons of high income, and alleviate the unjust antinomy of social assignment, promote social stability, establish continuous and stable increasing mechanism of income of individual income tax, and more availably develop positive effect of the individual income tax in politics, economy and social living, following suggestion is put iv forward so as to realize the target : to practice admixture type of the individual income tax system classifying combining with synthesizing, reasonably determine tax rate and tax deduction standard, standardize taxpayer ' s scope, adjusting and extending the tax base, standardize advance payment system, and establish perfect and scientific modem tax levy & management system the etc., so as to have th
本文筆者力圖追求這樣一個目標：適應社會主義市場經濟發展的要求，進一步改革和完善個人所得稅法律制度，改進和強化徵收管理，加大對高收入廠、碩士學位論文alaster 」 stdis一者的調節力度，緩解社會分配不公的矛盾，促進社會穩定，建立起個人所得稅收入的持續、穩定增長機制，更加有效地發揮個人所得稅在政治、經濟和社會生活中的積極作用。為了實現這個目標提出了如下建議：實行分類同綜合相結合的混合型個人所得稅制，合理確定稅率和扣除標準，規范納稅人范圍，調整和擴大稅基，規范預扣繳制度，建立完善、科學的現代化稅務征管系統等，以期對我國個人所得稅法律制度的修訂和完善有所稗益。The maximum likelihood registration algorithm based on earth - centered earth - fixed ( ecef ) coordinate system considers the geometry of the global, and eliminates errors introduced by the stereographic projection. the simulation result based on this registration algorithm shows that the satisfied angular biases can be preliminarily obtained. 5
基於地心坐標系的傳感器極大似然配準演算法考慮到了地球曲率的影響，克服了立體投影法的缺陷；採用這種演算法，我們可以把不同傳感器局域坐標系的量測轉化到地心坐標系中，變成統一的量測，便於融合中心做進一步的處理；模擬結果表明這種演算法可以得到較為滿意的角度偏差。Arc - grounding fault line selection is the paper ' s key point and innovative point about small current grounding power systems. a lot of simulations are made based on the change rule and the character of fault voltage, fault current. the simulation study declare that the use of the method of wavelet analysis can select the fault line when the arc - grounding fault take place, it will play a important directive role in the research of the protection equipment
對小電流接地系統電弧故障的選線模擬是本文的重點，也是一個創新點，本文從研究的角度，在深入分析電弧接地時故障電壓、電流的特點和變化情況的基礎上，進行了大量的選線模擬，模擬表明電弧故障時，小波分析方法也能準確地選出故障線路，這對研製高性能的接地保護裝置將起到重要的指導作用。The second chapter is " the present status and developing tendency of ocean rescuing tugboat ", it make a gross study of the present status and developing tendency of our ocean - rescuing - tugboat, in order to provide some references for settling up the problems of designing and building powerful rescuing - tugboat
第二章「遠洋救助拖船現狀與發展趨勢」 。著重對我國救撈系統遠洋救助拖船的現狀和發展趨勢進行了粗淺的探討，目的是為更好地解決大功率遠洋救助拖船設計和使用過程中的一系列技術經濟問題提供參考基準。In this paper, we first introduce the development of high definition television in our country and the principle of cofdm technique, followed by comparing the two channel transmission standards between atsc and dvb - t for digital terrestrial television
本文介紹了高清晰度數字電視在國內的發展狀況，並將國際上的兩大數字電視地面廣播通道傳輸標準atsc和dvb - t進行了比較，在此基礎上進一步闡明cofdm傳輸系統的原理和特點。Thirdly, it is supported by java technology. java language is not only a right programming language to build agent, but also it has some characters such as architecture neutral and higher safety, running java applet, program can increase the functions of the client, lighten the burden on the server, as well as can operate the client contents according to the privilege assigned, and in order to increase the safety of system. finally, in the thesis, by using the knowledge related probability and statistics, author puts forward a kind of method which can make the grade mark quantifying, and with this method, the problem which is how to get an accurate evaluation for the subjective test questions that learners answer in exam, is solved primely
本文針對以上缺點，提出基於agent的個性化遠程教學系統，本系統中引入分散式人工智慧（ dai ）領域中的agent技術，在系統中構造一個學習者agent ，它隨時跟蹤學習者的學習過程，記錄其興趣、愛好等個性特徵，並適時地調整對其採用的教學策略，有效地解決了目前的系統智能性較低的缺點；其次，本系統採用xml技術來組織教學內容，改變了html中內容和形式捆綁在一起的缺點，使得內容和形式相分離，從而可以為太原理工大學碩士學位論文不同認知水平的學習者提供不同的教學內容，增強了交互功能;另外，本系統採用java技術， java語言不僅適合作為agent的開發語言，而且java語言具有平臺無關和安全性高的特點，通過運行javaapplet來增強客戶端的功能，減輕服務器端負擔，並且這些appiet根據客戶賦予的權限對客戶端內容進行操作，增加了安全性;最後，本文運用概率論與數理統計學中方法，提出一種把等級成績數量化的方法，很好地解決了對學習者考試中主觀題的準確評價問題，為實現個性化教學提供了一個較準確的依據。In some projects charged by our lab such as national 863 project - " crop planting management components based on weather analyse ", anhui provincial 95 key project - " agricultural meteorology disaster evaluation system base on gis in anhui province " and the project " small coal mine security management and decision system based on gis in anhui province ", this paper combines the theory and arithmetic of rough set with gis and data mining in idss, investiges the application of rough set theory to precision analysis of attribute data and logical operation in gis, analyzes the logical operation based on rough set ( logical union, logical intersection, logical complement, mixed logical operation etc. ), so that it can give a method y to research the gis attribute data and the uncertainty of attribute data after superposition operator, so as to express the roughness and illegibility of attribute data more accurately
在完成試驗室所承擔的國家863項目「基於氣象分析的農作物種植管理軟構件」 、省95攻關項目「基於gis的安徽省重大農業氣象災害測評系統」和「基於gis的安徽省小煤礦安全管理決策系統」等項目中，將粗糙集理論和演算法與gis 、智能決策系統中的知識發現等相結合，對粗糙集理論在gis屬性數據和邏輯運算精度分析中的應用情況進行了研究，分析了基於粗集的gis邏輯運算（邏輯並、邏輯交、邏輯補、混合邏輯等） ，從而為研究gis屬性數據及其疊加運算后屬性數據的不確定性提供了一種方法，能比較準確地表達屬性數據的模糊性和粗糙性。The timing - and - quantitation precision injection of lpg was realized with high - speed lpg solenoid valve and a set of electronic control system, which was designed by the author and can flexibly control the gas supply system of lpg. based on the analysis of experimental data got by comparing the performances before and after the application of the set of equipment on lr6105q12 diesel engine, the effects of load, speed and replace ratio, etc on the emissions of smoke, hc and co of dual fuel engine were expounded. through optimization, the smoke emission was utmostly reduced and the emissions of hc and co were within the government restriction
為此，本文通過對各個方案進行詳細比較，選擇了電控多點順序噴射的供氣方案；利用高速lpg噴射閥和自己獨立開發出一套電子控制系統對lpg供氣進行靈活地控制，實現了lpg的定時定量噴射，並把這套裝置應用到中國一拖生產的lr6105q12柴油機上，在對改裝前後的發動機進行大量試驗和分析的基礎上，闡明了負荷、轉速、摻燒比等因素對雙燃料發動機的煙度、 hc 、 co等排放的影響情況，並且通過優化，最大限度地降低了發動機的煙度排放，同時使hc 、 co排放限制在國家標準規定的范圍之內。In this thesis, we realize the web - based rtu in telecontrol system for electrical railway systems by using new techniques of computer, communication, and existing the resources of super - speed fiber optic cable that we have already had. besides, we also realize the multi - receiver of the rtu real - time information and the consistency of the information ; the bottleneck problem of the communication and " information solitary island " can also be solved. improving the consistency and real - time performance of information transmission, sending all kinds of information more accurate, safety and faster to the places where the information is required and receiving permitted, realizing larger scope information sharing are all newly and highly anticipated projects in the area of supervise and control
最大程度的結合新型計算機通信、網路及軟硬體技術，利用目前已經具備的高速光纜通道資源，實現scada系統被控端基於web方式的廣泛聯網，可以解決rtu信息一發多收、一致性，通信瓶頸及『信息孤島』等問題，提高信息傳輸的實時性和一致性，把各種信息更加準確、安全、快速的送到所有需要並被允許的地方，實現更大范圍的信息共享，是目前監控領域的一個嶄新而又備受關注的課題，本文首先綜述了電氣化鐵道scada （電鐵scada ）系統的三大組成部分：調度端、被控端和通信通道的發展概況，闡述了傳統模式的電鐵遠動系統的弊端所在，接著提出了基於web模式的電鐵scada系統硬體結構設計。Article 7 the state shall establish and adopt the nationwide unified geodetic datums, vertical datums, depth datums and gravimetric datums, and the data thereof shall be examined and verified by the competent department of surveying and mapping administration under the state council and, after consultation with other relevant departments under the state council and the competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces, shall be submitted to the state council for approval and publication
第七條國家設立和採用全國統一的大地基準、高程基準、深度基準、重力基準，其數據由國務院測繪行政主管部門審核，並同國務院其他有關部門、軍隊測繪主管部門會商后，報國務院批準發布。Due to the development of gps, which is representative of spatial geodetic measure technology, and the satellite altimeter technology, it is possible to unify the local height datums in different countries ( or regions ) to the world height datum ( whd ). and the unification of height datums has been made in some countries
隨著以gps為代表的空間大地測量技術以及衛星測高技術的飛速發展，使得將各個國家或地區的局部高程基準統一為全球高程基準成為可能，並且在部分國家已經實現，因此將我國高程系統納入全球高程系統不僅具有理論意義，而且具有重要的現實意義。Then, this paper empirically tested the validation and predictive accuracy of different var risk management model in the domestic financial market. finally, with the analysis of modem financial risk management development trend and the current domestic financial risk management situation, this paper made a prospect for the application of this model in the construction of domestic financial risk management system. through the analysis, the main conclusions are as follows : ( l ) the traditional mean - variance model is the special example of the portfolio selection based on the var risk management model for the case that the returns of the portfolio are assumed to be normally distributed ; compared with the mean - variance model, the var risk management model is more comprehensive and accurate in the measurement of the portfolio risk, so based on the var model, the investors can allocate the asset more effectively. ( 2 ) the var risk management model can provide the timely and comprehensive risk information for the top risk manager, so it is very helpful to the improvement of total risk management efficiency. ( 3 ) based on the var model, the raroc performance valuation approach can reflect the real performance of the portfolio manager and provide the coherent standard for the allocation of risk limitation and the construction of the incentive compatibility constraint mechanism in the financial instiutions
通過研究分析，本文主要得出如下結論： （ 1 ）傳統的markowitz均值? ?方差模型僅僅是在資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於var風險管理模型進行資產組合選擇的特例，與均值? ?方差模型中的方差風險度量方法相比， var風險管理模型能夠更全面、更貼切地衡量資產組合的風險，且基於此模型能夠更有效地進行資產配置決策； （ 2 ） var風險管理模型能夠滿足更高層次風險管理者對風險信息的需求，有助於整體風險管理效率的提高； （ 3 ）基於var風險管理模型的raroc績效評價能夠反映資產組合管理人的真實業績，從而為金融機構風險限額的分配和激勵約束機制的制定提供統一的標準； （ 4 ）國內證券市場資產組合收益率服從正態分佈的假設明顯不成立，實證檢驗表明基於資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下的方差? ?協方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測存在較大的偏差，由於文中證明在收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於方差? ?協方差模型進行資產組合選擇的結果等價于markowitz的均值? ?方差模型，因此，均值? ?方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測同樣會存在著較大的偏差，而半參數var風險管理模型則能夠取得較好的預測衡量效果； （ 5 ） var風險管理模型符合未來金融風險管理的發展趨勢，基於var風險管理模型建立內容提要風險限額內控體系、風險信息披露體系和業績評價體系，並進行金融監管，將有助於國內金融機構內部風險管理方法和外部監管技術跟上國際金融風險管理的發展潮流。For multi - criteria and multi - object decision - making of engineering equipment management, the paper looks at the synthetic decision - making system based on building an open model, which is oriented to the needs of different levels and areas
摘要針對工程裝備管理體系中大量多準則、多目標的決策問題，探討了基於組件技術建立一個適應各種不同層次、不同地區的開放型、通用的工程裝備管理綜合決策系統。On one hand, it can monitor and heterogeneously diagnose in different places, and then get the past and current information on the condition of the machines. on the other hand, the remote expert diagnosis can improve the veracity of the fault diagnosis via the internet
基於網路的遠程監測與故障診斷系統一方面可以實現異地、同步實時監測，通過internet及時掌握設備的運行狀態和相關的歷史信息;另一方面，通過遠程專家的診斷可以大大提高故障診斷的準確率。( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test
在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。The traditional geographic data, which belong to different geodetic datum frames, make it difficult to manage and share in a common frame
摘要由於傳統的地理數據屬于不同的大地基準框架，使得空間數據的管理和共享存在諸多障礙，為了實現各種基準下空間數據的轉化和統一。分享友人