經濟行為主體 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jīngjìhángwéizhǔtǐ]
經濟行為主體
英文
economic agents-
In the early period of opening and reform of china, especially in 1980s, facing the reality of involvement into the illegal and criminal activities of some institutions and enterprises bearing public responsibilities, our government confirms the existence of the above - mentioned crimes and sets the corresponding measures to punish these crimes. in 1997, the new criminal law first forms the work place crime system and made specific regulations for positional work unit economic crime. the purpose of studying that new type crime is to through the analysis of the concept and features of such a crime to reveal the regularity of its formation and development, to offer theoretical reference for striking and preventing and to accelerate the performance to carry out the policy of lawful government
其中主體要件，不僅包含機關、事業單位、國有公司、企業、村委會、居委會，而且還包含單位的分支機構和內部組織;罪過要件包括單一性罪過和混合性罪過兩種，單一性罪過是指以故意形式表現出來的罪過，而混合性罪過是單位在實施某種行為時在主觀心理上存在故意和過失兩種罪過形式，表現為對行為實施的故意和對行為結果的過失;行為要件是職務性行為和單位經濟行為的統一;罪量要件是指數額和情節兩種要素。Using the law to take resource to people who can effective use resource is a demand of market economy, this thesis issue effectiveness of resource allocation through analysis of market allocation resource, its relationship in allocation of resources is from ( 1 ) allocation of resources and economic subject of rights. activities of economic subject decide effect of resources allocation. if it is effective for activity of economic subject, it is effective for allocation resources
資源配置活動是否有效是由經濟權利主體的活動而決定的，經濟主體的活動如果是有效的，資源配置將是有效的，經濟主體行為如果是追求利益最大化行為，最根本的是確定經濟主體的權利，而經濟主體是通過產權制度的建立和選擇來確定經濟主體是一個有權利的主體，有權利的經濟主體的行為必然是以追求利益最大化為目標的。In general, these studies are primarily based on the theories of financial restraint and financial deepening initiated by r. i. mckinnon and e. s. shaw, either stressing the urgency of china ’ s interest rate liberalization, its international experience, target orientation, mode selection, sequencing, conditional creation, risk control and the transformation of the monetary policy conduction mechanism, or such problems as the effect of reform on each economic party, positive examination of the real interest rate, savings mobilization, investment quality, relativity between the variables in economic growth as well as the interest rate sensibility in economic sectors of different ownerships
總的看來，這些研究基本上以麥金農和肖所開創的金融抑制?金融深化理論為依據，或是側重於討論我國利率市場化改革的必要性迫切性、國際經驗、目標定位、模式選擇、次序安排、條件創造、風險控制以及貨幣政策傳導機制的改造等問題，或是側重於分析改革對各個經濟行為主體的影響，再者就是實證考察實際利率、儲蓄動員、投資質量、經濟增長各個變量之間的相關性和不同所有制經濟部門的利率敏感性。On moral rational basis of economy action subject and its function
論經濟行為主體的道德理性基礎及其作用On moral and rational foundation of subject of economic behaviour and their function
論經濟行為主體的道德理性基礎及其作用Efficient economic organizations are the key to economic growth, and ultimately, the efficiency of the macro economy depends on the high efficiency of micro - economic organizations
有效率的經濟組織是經濟增長的關鍵，宏觀經濟運行的有效性最終要依託微觀經濟行為主體的高效率。The property rights structure stimulates the people ' s economical conducts through transiting the property rights as the valuable asserts and arranging who can bear the deciding costs and benefits of using resources. distributing the deciding power, property rights arrangement decides who conducts in the economic system and how is the social wealth distributed. so, defining and enforcing the property rights institution influences the idea of using economic resources the economic conducts and economic performances
通過把所有權轉讓為有價值的資產並安排誰是承擔資源使用決策的成本和收益的人，產權制度結構激勵著社會中人們的經濟行為；通過決策權力的配置，一般的產權安排決定了經濟體制中誰是經濟行為主體，界定了社會中財富的分配；由此，產權制度的界定和實施影響著對經濟資源使用的決策，並對經濟行為和經濟績效產生十分重要的影響。As to its one - sidedness, he could n ' t see through the relationship between the economic activity and the spirit ' s activity, which does n ' t depend on material. he could only spot the external moral behavior criterion ' s function on economy from the two components of business ethic, and could n ' t see through the relationship between the economic behavior subject ' s inner moral accomplishment and the market - oriented economy
其次是它的片面性，由於他只能看到經濟活動在滿足人的物質需要方面的作用，而看不到經濟活動與不依賴於物質的人的精神生活的關系，故他在經濟倫理的兩個組成部分中，只能注意到外在道德行為準則對經濟的促進作用，而看不到經濟行為主體內在道德素養與市場經濟的關系。An economic analysis of individual, firm and the government under institutional changes. zou dongtao, xitao
制度變遷中個人企業和政府行為主體的經濟分析鄒東濤席Local government is not a vertically dependent administrative organization any longer, but instead, an economic interest subject that has relatively independent economic interest and behavior target
地方政府不再僅僅是一個縱向依賴的行政組織，而成為有了相對獨立的經濟利益和行為目標的經濟利益主體。Efficient property define need law boundery, community identify, individual rational ability, yet infact, property boundery is not complete by law boundery, it can but definitute the recognize boundery of both part, community identify has a ranking series structure due to the different social capital each estate owned, due to difference individual rationalabiliry, the part that legal property not completely defined, each individual act as self economic benefit principle, inevitably do damage to weak part, thereby require property protect from the third side, work further damage to both side
所有權的有效界定需法律邊界、社會認同、個人理性能力三個因素。但現實中，法律界定的所有權邊界是不完全的，它只能明確行為主體雙方的認知邊界。由於各個階層擁有社會資本的不同，社會認同存在一個等級系列結構，由於個人理性能力的不同，法定所有權未完全界定的部分，各自按經濟利益原則行事，不可避免造成對弱勢方的損害，從而要求第三方的所有權保護，進一步造成行為主體雙方的損害。With the purpose of systematical research on economic procedure, beginning with the regularity of economic law ' s production and evolution in china and western countries, on the basis of properly defining the substantive essence of economic law, joining the feature that economic law takes the control of state economic actions as its key content, the author probes into the specific procedural problem of substantive economic law and the necessity and possibility of economic law to be suitable for action
本文以經濟法司法程序為切入主題，從中西方經濟法產生演變規律出發，在恰當定位經濟法實體本質的基礎上，結合經濟法以國家經濟行為的規范為其核心內容這一特徵，深入探討了獨特的經濟法實體規范的程序性及與之緊密相聯的經濟法的應訴屬性與可訴技術問題，以期從整體上達到對經濟法程序問題系統梳理的目的。Since the reform and open policy was executed, along with 1988, 1994, 1998 " s three great changes of government functions, as well as the socialism market economy system was built and perfect step by step, the government " s guiding ideology to the economy management, the guidance principle and method to finance and accounting management work occurred deep change, the state - owned enterprise breaking off relations with the competent department, the scientific research unit turned, and the education system reformed put into effect in succession, the step that government " s manages changing from concreting economic behavior to macroscopic management passes quicken. tax revenue system, finance and accounting system, budget system and national treasury are concentrated and are paid the system and the government purchases all reformation such as system etc, and give the finance and accounting management work of government department to have poured into the new content
改革開放以來，隨著1988年、 1994年、 1998年三次政府職能的重大轉變，以及社會主義市場經濟體制的逐步建立和完善，政府部門無論是對經濟管理工作的指導思想和具體內容，還是對財會管理工作的指導原則和方法都發生了深刻變化，國有企業與主管部門脫鉤，科研單位轉制、教育體制改革相繼出臺，政府由管理具體的經濟行為向宏觀管理過渡的步伐逐步加快；稅收制度、財會制度、預算制度、國庫集中支付制度、政府采購制度等各項改革，給政府部門的財會管理工作注入了新的內容。The objective innovation suggests the financial management objective system that includes the total objective - economic value added rate and the subsidiary objective such as the optimum of cash stream the optimum of capital profit rate the optimum of allocation value added rate ; the conception innovation of financial management builds the financial management conception system that revolve around the maximum of economic value added rate objective, which includes objective judgment conception. legal conception and moral conception system ; the method innovation of financial management offers five developed technologies of financial management that includes network finance, financial reproduction tactics financial resource planning financial project and financial strategy ; the institution innovation of financial management designs the institution structure of financial management with the enterprise financial management content and financial subjective behavior from the decision of innovation principle, as well as mentions the concrete content of financial institution innova tion ; the content innovation of financial management highlights adjusting the point of financing management and investment management transforming the objective of inventory management reforming the model of profit allocating improving the level of risk management promoting the financial analysis and appraisal system
財務管理目標創新探討了以經濟增加值率最大化為總目標，輔之以現金流量最優化、資金利潤率最優化、分配增值率最優化分目標的目標體系；財務管理觀念創新構建了以經濟增加值率最大化目標為核心觀念、包括客觀判斷觀念、法律觀念和道德觀念的財務管理觀念體系：財務管理方法創新提出網路財務、財務再生策略、財務資源規劃、財務工程、財務戰略五種先進的財務管理方法技術：財務管理制度創新從確定創新原則入手，分別按企業財務管理內容和財務行為主體進行財務管理制度的框架設計，並從財務融資機制創新、激勵與約束制度創新、財務信息披露制度創新四個方面說明了財務管理制度創新的具體內容；財務管理內容創新強調調整籌資管理與投資管理的重點、轉移存貨管理目標、變革利潤分配模式、提高風險管理水平、改進財務分析和財務評價體系。Monetary policy which was used as a very important instrument in making the stability of currency and improving the macroeconomy had became popularity in the world since 1960 ' s. the main functions of monetary policy include adjusting the behaviour of real economy during the equilibrium by special instruments of fmance, raising the rate of growth. however, with the development of financial innovation, great changes have taken place in the whole financial system, the way of financial organization, the relation between currency and macroeconomy, etc. these changes have made the operation of conventional monetary policy lose its theoretical foundation and premise, so the effect of monetary policy on real economy has weakened. therefore, the developed countries gradually shift their target which aimed at interest rate or money supply into the target of inflation in the late of 1980 ' s, this new phenomenon bring informations and experiences to the developing countires during their fiancial innovation
然而，隨著金融創新的不斷發展，整個金融體系以及各金融行為主體的行為方式，貨幣與宏觀經濟之間內在的相關關系等都發生了深刻的變化，使得傳統貨幣政策操作失去了應有的前提和依據，從而使貨幣政策的作用效果不斷減弱。因此，在20世紀80年代後期，發達國家開始調整其貨幣政策，突出表現在：貨幣中介目標隨金融創新而不斷變化，逐步放棄了以利率或貨幣供應量作為中介指標，並建立了以通貨膨脹調控為目標的貨幣政策。這給包括我國在內的向市場經濟轉變的發展中國家貨幣政策的變革與創新提供了新的經驗。According to the analysis of the reasons of equity financing preference, we know that the preference phenomenon is a rational choice of the listed company and control shareholders and managers. as we analyze in the paper, at present, the listed companies of our country has a preference of equity financing that is also a rational decision when the behavior bodies, such as the listed companies, the control shareholders ( esp. forbidden circulation shareholders ) and the managers, face with cheap equity financing cost, low efficient corporate governance structure and capital market
我國上市公司股權融資偏好在表面看來是一個有悖于發達國家資本市場一般規律的而發生於我國資本市場的一個奇特現象，但通過對其成因的探討后，我們發現股權融資偏好實際上是上市公司、股東或經理等行為主體，對其所面臨的環境約束的最優選擇和反應，是各種經濟主體在追求自己的利益最大化的情況下一個必然的博弈均衡。In fact, from the view of economics, these appearances are activities of educational rent - seeking, they are a kind of economical activities on the base of the person " s motive of profit - seeking. therefore, it can reveal the essence of these appearances deeper to analyze them from the view of economics
事實上，從經濟學的角度講，這類教育現象實際是一種教育尋租活動，是基於教育行為主體逐利動機基礎上的一種經濟活動，因此，從經濟學的角度來分析這類問題能從更深層次上揭示它們的實質。Nowdays, under the pressure of agricultural manufacture mostly depend on market, and the peasants requirements becomes excessive, to enhance the efficiency of the small farmer " economy in large market, decrease the risk and indeterminacy in market bargaining, there must have a organization to be the agency inter peasants and market, the organization must delegate benefit of the peasants straightly and in deed, so construct farmer cooperative organization is. very important we can know the facts through evaluate the performance of the peasants cooperative organization history : the knowledge about cooperative and follow which guidance have some relation in the development of peasants cooperative organization ; we should choose the gradually pattern for system flux, must consider the economic behavior expect in the main body of organization - the farms
通過對農民合作組織的歷史績效評價可以看到：對合作的認識和遵循的指導思想與農民合作組織的發展關系很大；在制度變遷道路選擇上應考慮借鑒漸進式改革之路；必須考慮參加者主體?農戶的經濟行為預期及產權結構、組織壟斷、規模等因素的影響。農民合作組織發展的必然性源於農業生產的生物性、地域分散性和生產的隨意性，同時也決定農民合作經濟組織必須具有靈活性、多樣化、可過渡性和以社區為基礎的特殊要求。從制度經濟學分析，農民合作經濟組織在降低農民外部交易成本、實現公平和效率平衡、降低風險和不確定性等方面具有經濟上的合理性，所以有進一步規范和發展的必要。This text will regard marxist political economy and western new system economics as the main theoretical foundation, draw lessons from the relevant theory of evolving economics and analyse the frame, regard the transition in economic system of china as the background, the questions, such as production, changes course and challenge that meet at present to the regional development model of wenzhou, etc. are analysed and researched, the author attempt to find out law and characteristic that the regional development model evolved, and find out its essential reason to bring about an advance in economy and predict the direction of regional development model changes in the future on this basis, probe into the enlightenment of china ' s whole economic changes of evolution of the regional development model in terms of this finally, expect to draw lessons from the economic de velopment of other areas of china to some extent
本文將以馬克思主義政治經濟學和西方新制度經濟學為主要的理論依據，借鑒演化經濟學的相關理論及分析框架，以中國的經濟體制轉軌為背景，對溫州區域發展模式的產生、變遷過程及當前遇到的挑戰等問題進行分析研究，試圖找出區域發展模式演化的規律和特點，並在此基礎上找出其促進經濟發展的本質原因並預測今後區域發展模式變遷的方向，最後從這一角度探討區域發展模式的演化對中國整體經濟變遷的啟示，以期對中國其他地區的經濟發展有所借鑒。Also, this part puts forward such viewpoints as : regional difference, inducement of economic interests, concept of sustainable development, disintegrative status, government intervention are the motivities of modern city integration ; government is the subject of urban integration ; co - construction and share of infrastructure, mutual complement in economy, and eco - environment control and prevention are three nodes in urban integration
提出了「地域差異、經濟利益誘惑、可持續發展理念、現狀不整合態、行政干預是現代城市整合發展的源動力；政府是城市整合的行為主體，基礎設施共建共享、經濟互補性合作、生態環境整治和保護是城市整合發展的三個節點因素」的觀點。分享友人