線孔線圍 的英文怎麼說

As a comparison, ba1. 03ce0. 8gd0. 2o3 - was synthesized by sol - gel method. among these samples, nonstoichiometric samples were synthesized for the first time. the research work involved : the crystal phase of the sinters were determined by xrd ; ionic conduction under different experimental atmospheres was measured by gas concentration cells ; performances of hydrogen - air fuel cells with the sinters as electrolytes and porous pt as electrodes were measured

用粉末x射線衍射儀鑒定它們的結晶相；在（ 600 1000 ）范圍內，以燒結體作為電解質隔膜，多孔性pt黑為正、負電極， pt - rh合金網為集電極，分別組成氫濃差電池、氧濃差電池及氫?空氣燃料電池並測定了它們的性能，研究了不同氣氛下樣品的離子導電特性及影響燃料電池性能的因素。

The structure and operating principle of an air - charged split - type adjustable shock absorber was described, e non - linear parameterized mathematical model of this shock absorber ' s damping characteristics was established according to fluid mechanics theory and the main structural affection factors to shock absorber ' s damping performance, such as the diameter of piston valve orifice, the diameter of adjustable orifice, the initial volume of gas chamber, the diameter of piston rod, the inner diameter of oil pipe and so on, were analyzed by simulations

摘要通過分析一種分體式充氣可調阻尼減振器的結構和工作原理，運用流體力學理論，建立了該減振器阻尼特性的非線性參數化模型，模擬分析了活塞阻尼閥孔徑、阻尼調節孔徑、氣室初始體積、活塞桿直徑、油管內徑等主要結構參數對減振器阻尼性能的影響，通過試驗測試，得到了減振器樣件的阻尼特性及其可調范圍。

The theory is that a white sclera surrounding a darker iris and pupil helps people work out where everyone else is looking

這個理論表示，圍繞在瞳孔和一圈深色虹膜之外的白色鞏膜幫助人類看出其他人視線的方向。

The thermal visualizations of jet impingement cooling with single or double row holes inside semi - enclosed channel are measured by using infrared camera and then the impingement cooling heat transfer coefficients are deduced. the effects of flow and geometry parameters on convective heat coefficients are obtained. the results show that : for a single row normal impingement, the impingement cooling effectiveness is enhanced with the increase of impinging reynolds number or the decrease of hole space to diameter ratio, and the best effectiveness is achieved under the jet - to - surface spacing equals to 2 ; when the jet is oblique to the confined wall, the cooling effectiveness is weaken especially under the jet - to - surface spacing ratio is greater than 2 ; for double rows normal impingement cooling, the cooling effectiveness of rear row jet is weaker than the front row under lower impinging reynolds number or bigger jet - to - surface spacing

對于單排垂直射流，沖擊冷卻效果隨射流雷諾數的增加、孔間距與直徑比的減小而得到提高，沖擊間距比為2時換熱效果最好;沖擊孔中心線向通道封閉一側傾斜后，射流沖擊冷卻的范圍變窄，當沖擊間距比大於2時駐點區的對流換熱能力明顯降低;對于雙排沖擊射流，孔排間距與直徑比的增加使沖擊冷卻范圍變大，但在兩排孔之間區域的對流換熱系數有所下降;在較小的沖擊射流雷諾數和較大的沖擊間距比下，後排射流的沖擊換熱效果要遜於前排射流。

Fourthly, with the finite element program, the author analyzes the relationship between the load magnitude or frequency and range of breakage or pore pressure. this can provide appropriate parameters for the method of vibrating grouting. fifthly, adopting the compressible porous medium, the author adduced dynamic theory of liquid saturated porous medium to analyze the displacement and force in the sand when there is dynamic load below the earth surface

基於連續介質力學的混合物理論建立的多孔介質理論和動力控制方程，假設砂土滿足各向同性並處于彈性小應變狀態，豎向振動力將在飽和砂土內部產生三種波，分析了這些波的彌散曲線和特徵衰減曲線，從波傳播的角度，研究了振動力參數和土性參數對振動范圍的影響。

Non linear static & dynamic finite element procedure is adopted for the true emulation of the four typical geologic profiles of the dam, and imitates to compute the each stage deformation and stress distribution from the dam fill to full water run and during the 7 degree seismic intensity, the article also imitates to compute the response to earthquake force, the excess vibration pore water pressure distribution and permanent deformation, predicting the occurrence possibility of the crac ^ plastic zone and earthquake liquefaction

採用非線性靜、動力有限元分析程序對圍壩的4個典型剖面進行了靜、動力模擬模擬，模擬計算了壩體自填築至蓄水運行和發生7地震各階段壩體及壩基的變形以及應力分佈，地震應力響應和地震引起的超靜振動孔隙水壓力分佈以及永久變形。判斷了壩體和壩基中出現裂縫、塑性區以及地震液化的可能性。

Xlr mic. input jacks and trs phone line balance input jacks are provided to handle a wide range of audio sources from mic. line level devices and stereo output synthesizers

提供xlr麥克風和trs耳機線性的平衡輸入插孔，能處理從麥克風線性級設備和立體聲輸出合成器的寬范圍聲源。

By doing single fracture drainage experiments, this paper has successfully presented the logarithm function relationship between ratio of drainage discharge through upward and plumb drainage hole and the ratio of their equivalent diameters. the drainage effect will be the best when the included angle between drainage hole and fracture surface is 21 ~ 36

4 、通過單裂隙排水試驗，建立了傾斜孔和垂直孔的排水量之比與其交界線的等效直徑比之間的自然對數關系式，排水孔排水量基本隨其與裂隙面的交角減小而增大；對單組裂隙排水的初步分析表明，排水孔與裂隙面的夾角在21 ~ 36范圍內排水效果最佳。

If asphalt concrete specimen is in stabilization by exert confining stress before the static triaxial test, it is then found that under the condition that time is long enough, the volume of the specimen will shorten gradually and stable around a fixed value, and the amount of compression is essentially the half of the volume of void itself. it is also found that in stabilization by exert confining stress the linear phrase will be shorten in the figure of the static triaxial test of specimen, while the initial tangent modulus will be augment. 3

在進行靜三軸試驗以前先對瀝青混凝土試件進行圍壓穩定，發現在時間足夠長的條件下，試件的體積會逐漸縮小，並逐漸穩定在某一定值，其壓縮量基本上為其本身孔隙體積的一半；經圍壓穩定后的試件靜三軸試驗曲線上的線性階段明顯縮短，而初始切線模量增大。

Aim : to analyze the mechanism, thermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors of thermally induced phase separation ( tips ) in order to completely grasp the factors affecting the size, distribution and form of pores, so that the adjusted range of pore can be widened and the preparation of porous membrane can be repeated and controlled. methods : considering from the structural characteristics of tissue engineered materials, the methods of preparing porous membrane using tips technique, the hermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed, the problems and investigative directions in the future were also analyzed. tips technique is a process of phase separation of polymer homogenous solution under quenching, and it is suitable for diameter and structural form of the micropore materials prepared using tips are closely correlated with the kind and dispensing proportion of polymer attrnuant, polymer concentration and polymer molecular mass, etc. conducted, including determination of polymer - solvent system phase diagram, study of form and appearance of porous membrane of different thickness, study of form and appearance of porous membrane prepared with systems of different x, which is the parameter of polymer - solvent interaction

目的:分析熱致相分離成膜過程的機理、熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素，以便充分掌握影響孔度大小、分佈、形態的因素，使孔度調控范圍得以拓寬，使多孔膜的制備能重復可控.方法:從組織工程材料結構特點出發，分析熱致相分離聚合物多孔膜的制備方法及該法成膜的熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素.並分析實驗中存在的問題及今後的研究方向.結果:以熱致相分離法可制備聚合物多孔膜.熱致相分離法制備多孔膜是高聚物均相溶液在淬冷條件下發生相分離的過程，它適用於上臨界共溶溫度型聚合物一稀釋劑二元體系.熱致相分離法成膜的過程，可以認為是旋節線機理佔主導地位.熱致相分離法制備的微孔材料，其孔隙率、孔徑大小、結構形態與聚合物稀釋劑的種類、組成配比、聚合物濃度、聚合物分子量等因素密切相關.結論:可採用熱致相分離技術制備多孔膜，通過改變不同的成膜條件可獲得一系列不同孔徑尺寸和孔徑分佈的多孔膜材料.對熱致相分離成膜過程中聚合物-溶劑體系的相圖測定，不同厚度的多孔膜形貌研究，不同x （聚合物-溶劑相互作用參數）體系所制備的多孔膜形貌等需深人研究

In the external region, heat transfer between the u - tube borehole and the ground is considered with a model of a finite line - source in a semi - infinite medium, and it is the first time to achieve an analytical solution of the temperature distribution for a such a transient two - dimensional conduction problem by means of the green - function method

對單個鉆孔的傳熱劃分為兩個區域分別進行研究。在鉆孔周圍區域，將豎直u型管的傳熱簡化為有限長線熱源的傳熱問題，採用格林函數法首次得到了有限長線熱源溫度分佈的解析解。

The poroelastic modulus could describe pore effect on elastic behavior of porous media such as rocks. from this, gassmann equation which was widely used in seismic exploration and petroleum logging was deduced. this equation was based on linear elasticity assumption and could be used only within low frequency

孔隙彈性模量描述了孔隙對巖石等多孔材料的彈性性質的影響，利用其可導出在地震勘探和石油測井界應用很廣的gassamann ，該方程建立在線性彈性假設之上並僅限於低頻范圍。

The charging - discharging curves look like the letter " v " and have no flat plateaus due to the different sizes of the micropores. increasing the httmax, the micropores in ant samples become fewer and smaller, therefore the charging - discharging capacities decrease. when httmax = 2100, the charging - discharging capacity reaches the minimum since the number of the micropores reaches the minimum and the size of them become very small, the number of graphite crystallite in ant samples is still few and the size of them is also small

在htt _ （ max ） 2100的范圍內， ant試樣屬于亂層結構，石墨微晶尚未出現或數量很少，貯鋰機制為「孔隙貯鋰」 ，由於孔隙的大小不一，插鋰時克服阻力所需的電位也不同，因此充、放電曲線呈「 v 」字形，無平穩的充、放電電位平臺；隨著htt _ （ max ）的增大，試樣中孔隙逐漸變小、變少，充、放電容量也逐漸變小。

In low matric potential state, the a & p model can be use to predict water retention characteristics, but in high matric potential state, it cannot get good result. in addition of soil pore connectivity, to correct the a & p model, it can get good result in whole water content range

但在高吸力段a & p模型預測的結果與實際偏差較大，考慮到土壤孔隙實際聯通狀況，修正a & p模型，使供試的四種在整個含水量范圍對土壤水分特徵曲線都得到了較好的擬合。

The vibration magnitude can be reduced by applying the shock vibration absorber in boring process, the curves of the amplitude versus gap between the shock block and the hole in boring bar was gained by experiments with different cutting speed. the experiments show that the absorptive results is good when applies shock vibration absorber with suitable gap in boring process, while the vibration may be strengthened with unsuitable gap. 6figs., 2tabs., 3refs

通過試驗研究，得到了在不同切削速度的情況下，沖擊塊與孔壁之間的間隙與切削振動幅值的關系曲線，研究說明，沖擊式減振器在適當的值范圍內減振效果明顯，但如果選擇不合適，則有可能使振動加強.圖6 ，表2 ，參3

The details are as following : 1 ) through the experiments of seventeen reinforced concrete plates with round openings, stress distributions of concrete and steel bars, concrete cracking, failure mechanism, and the influence of reinforcing bars with different amount and layouts on cracking and failure mechanism of the specimens are studied. the experimental study provides data not only for the validation of fea model and nonlinear fem program, but also for the research on new methodology of design for orifices

本文的主要工作有： 1 ）通過17塊帶圓孔鋼筋混凝土板的試驗，研究在荷載作用下孔口周圍混凝土和鋼筋的應力應變分佈和孔口開裂、破壞規律，以及不同的配筋方式和數量對孔口混凝土裂縫的產生、發展及孔口破壞的影響，為驗證有限元分析模型及非線性分析程序的可靠性提供試驗依據，並為建立新的孔口配筋設計方法提供基本試驗資料。

( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test

在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。

The cable is manufactured on argon arc welding, crrugating and slotting production lind with the most advanced technolongy byslotting the holes along outer conductor axis, so the evenly - distributed rdlatively strong radiating signal in the close vicinty lf the cable along ts axis make it possible signal transimission, across long distance in uncovered area

50歐姆漏泄同軸電纜系採用現今最先進的氬弧焊、軋紋和可多向開槽設備，切削一組合適的外導體槽孔，使電纜周圍沿信號傳輸方向具有強度相對均勻的射頻信號，實現信號在分立天線盲區的長距離輸送。

The thesis introduces the biot ' s three - dimension consolidation theory based on absolute linear - elastic theory ; the thesis designs the pit dewatering scheme of hand - dug piles support of shenyang subway ' s shenyang station construction ; the thesis uses finite element program to simulate the influence on around environments caused by pit dewatering, and finds the change laws of earth mass inner stress and the effect parameters on the surface deformation on the basis of reasonable hypothesis and the analysis of ground water exploitation progress. combined with stochastic medium theory, the thesis introduces dewatering subsidence coefficient, sets up the predicting model of the surface deformation caused by dewatering, and develops the computing program ; by application of program on a single well of underwater exploitation, it is proved that the program is feasible, so the prediction of the surface deformation caused by underwater exploitation is realized

本文介紹了基於線彈性本構關系的biot理論；設計了擬建沈陽地鐵沈陽站點人工挖孔樁支護施工的基坑降水方案；利用有限元程序，模擬了基坑降水對周圍環境的影響；在合理假設的基礎上，分析了地下水開采過程中，地層應力的變化規律，找到了影響地面變形的參數；與隨機介質理論相結合，通過引入采水下沉系數建立了地下水開采引起地面變形的預計計算模型，並編制了電算化程序；通過某單井開采實例驗證了該方法的可行性，實現了地下水開采引起地面變形的預計。

The main factors have been determined to be the depth and width of hole, the strength of surrounding rock, the types of detonator, the decoupling coefficient, burden and unit consumption form what has been discussed, the author make use of those major factors as standard of affection and studied bp neural networks " work principle, structure and defectiveness. a model of modified bp neural networks has been used to built model in order to identify selection and optimize of blasting in rock anchor beam. triumphant parameter design of blasting were selected as a example, in order to perform network of parameter design

確定以炸藥類型、最小抵抗線、孔深、炮眼間距、不耦合系數、線裝藥量、巖石強度和巖體完整度為主要影響因素；把改進的bp演算法應用在爆破參數優化設計中，建立以炸藥類型、最小抵抗線、炮孔深度、炮眼間距、線裝藥量、不耦合系數、巖石強度和巖體完整度為主要影響指標，選擇45例國內外成功的爆破參數設計實例為樣本，利用bp神經網路進行爆破參數優化設計，並通過現場保護層和巖臺修面爆破試驗以及對其松動圈范圍進行聲波測試，其測試結果最優的爆破方案其松動圈最小，這與神經網路進行參數優化設計的爆破方案相吻合。