線對增容 的英文怎麼說

And it can be divided into four phases of urban tourism of china, in which there are different characteristics. ( 2 ) the evolutive rules of urban tourism of china are as follows : 1 ) the exoteric extent of tourism notion is more and more swell ; 2 ) the form of urban tourism renovate with the development of cities ; 3 ) the layout of urban tourism inner and outer is from close and complanate to exoteric and tridimensional ; 4 ) the sustaining system of urban tourism is from absent to as clear as a bell, and will reach a rational and advanced extent. 5 ) the social delamination of urban tourism is form stern to syncretic ; 6 ) the evolvement tendency of urban tourism should be generalized as a curve of accumbent " s ", which present a course makes up of low - grade development, high - speed development and balanced development

主要觀點歸納如下： （ 1 ）城市旅遊是基於城市的發展而發展的，中國城市旅遊可分為古代、近代、現代和后現代四個階段，分別對應於前工業文明時期的城市旅遊、工業文明萌芽時期的城市旅遊、全面建設工業文明和后工業文明因素初露端倪時期的城市旅遊，以及邁向信息時代的城市旅遊，其間體現出不同的城市旅遊發展特徵； （ 2 ）經歷不同發展的時期，中國城市旅遊表現出如下的演進規律： 1 ）城市旅遊觀念開放程度逐漸增強，對城市旅遊的容納度日趨加大，對城市旅遊地位的認識從忽視到關注再成為生活的必要因素； 2 ）旅遊形式從單一走向多元，新的旅遊形式隨城市發展層出不窮； 3 ）城市旅遊的內外部空間聯系從封閉平面走向開放立體，達到網路化、連綿化、分區化、立體化布局； 4 ）城市旅遊支持系統從缺失走向健全，達到理性高端； 5 ）城市旅遊社會分層從森嚴走向融合，經歷了「小眾旅遊」 、 「大眾旅遊」 ，最終發展到「全民旅遊」 ； 6 ）城市旅遊產業演變態勢可以概括為一條橫臥的「 s 」曲線，表現為低開?高走?平穩發展。

This paper mainly aims at the characteristics of the hardware and software structure of the parallel computer on satellite, and has fulfilled researches of fault tolerant technique in three aspects of control theories and engineering : the first research of the system level fault - tolerant module is based on the system structure of the parallel computer on satellite, a kind of cold backup module and a kind of hot backup module for multiprocessor computer have been put forward. then the research of software fault tolerant technique which is based on the operate system named rtems has been carried, the mission level fault - tolerate arithmetic and the system level fault - tolerate mechanism and strategies based on the check point technique have been put forward, at the same time the self - repair technique of software which has used the technique of system re - inject has been studied. finally the technique of components level fault - tolerant based on fpga has been studied, a kind of two level fault - tolerant project which aims at the fault - tolerant module of the parallel computer on satellite has been put forward, and the augmentative of circuit that project design realization need is little, this project can avoid any breakdown of any part logic circuit of the fpga

本課題主要針對星載并行計算機體系結構及軟體結構的特點，從如下三個方面進行了容錯控制理論研究和實踐工作:首先進行了基於星載多cpu并行計算機體系結構的系統級容錯模型研究，提出了一種多cpu冷備份容錯模型和一種多cpu熱備份容錯模型;然後進行了基於rtems操作系統的軟體容錯技術研究，提出了任務級容錯調度演算法以及基於檢查點技術的系統級容錯恢復機制和策略，同時研究了利用系統重注入進行軟體在線自修復的容錯技術;最後研究了基於fpga的部件級容錯技術，提出了對容錯模塊這一星載并行計算機關鍵部件的兩級容錯方案，實現該方案所需增加的電路少，可避免板級晶元以及fpga晶元內部任何邏輯發生單點故障。

In order to make the terminal airspace moderated and consisted, and acquire the biggest capacity of airport, we must consider the influencing factors as many as possible, it is our final target to plan the airspace in beijing terminal unify. with the conditions that the current operation modes of parallel runway, approach and departure procedures and terminal airspace in beijing international airport, this article has analyzed the reasons of airspace congestion. this article also applies the theory of instrument flight procedure and utilizes the current facilities in beijing international airport. the design of flight procedures combining rnav procedures with instrument approach procedures may be accepted on some routes. it make the approach and departure procedure more effective, and increase the capacity of the airport more or less ; secondly, this article contrast the capacities of parallel runway in different methods under radar control, and make the conclusion that the parallel runway in dependent operation modes has the biggest capacity

本文從目前首都機場平行跑道的運行方式、進離場程序、終端區空域的現狀入手，剖析了造成空域緊張的原因，應用儀表飛行程序設計的思想和原則，利用首都機場終端區現有的設施，某些航線可採用區域導航（ rnav ）程序與儀表進近程序相結合的飛行程序設計，優化了目前首都機場的進離場程序，在一定程度上增加了機場容量；其次，研究了雷達管制條件下平行跑道不同運行方式的容量對比，得出平行跑道獨立運行的容量最大，然後以這種這種運行方式，為首都機場設計出了平行跑道獨立運行的飛行程序；最後，分析北京終端區各機場空域對首都機場飛行程序安全、有效運行的制約因素，研究設計出了北京終端區規劃方案及規劃后的飛行程序和飛行方法，以達到增大機場的容量，適應未來航班量增加的需求。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

To increase the utility of energy sources, it is necessary to pay full attention to the refurbish and upgrade of the generators, where the skin effect of stator bars is an important problem

為了進一步提高能源的利用率，人們對已有發電機的增容增效引起了高度的重視，發電機定子線棒的集膚效應問題也受到廣泛的關注。

With a surge in tv and cable channels, the mainland s demand for quality programme content is huge

隨著電視及有線頻道增加，內地對優質節目內容的需求十分龐大。

To the level control problem of a spherical tank, two model - free control methods are proposed. in the former method, the takagi - sugeno fuzzy model is used to tune the neuron controller gain. in the latter method, the model - free control method using the neural network model proposed for nonlinear plants is presented

針對具有非線性特性的球形容器液位受控對象，從增益自調整和非線性補償兩個角度，分別提出了兩種非模型控制方法，前者採用t - s模糊模型對神經元控制器的增益進行在線整定，後者使用本文建立的非線性神經元網路對球形容器進行非模型控制。

On the basis of this theory, the applications of the sdr structure of wideband and bandpass sampling in if ( intermediate frequency ) in flight test were offered : increase the sampling in if ( intermediate frequency ) in flight test were offered : increase the capacity of the transmitter and the terminal receiver channels without changing the apparatus of original system and on the conditions of obeying the standard remote sensing

首先對軟體無線電的組成結構和飛行測試中實際使用的通道進行了闡述，在此基礎上提出了基於寬帶中頻帶通采樣軟體無線電結構在飛行遙測測試中的應用，在不改變原系統設備的情況下，在遵守遙測標準的前提下，提出增加機載發射機和接收機通道容量的設計方案。

The contents include : based on the previous research and the data of experimentations, the author researches and develops a kind of satisfactory semi - empirical formula of nonlinear temperature distribution, and calculates the temperature stress of rigid - framed arch bridge by the fem. the temperature effects of bridge structure by annual and sunlight temperature difference are discussed, it indicates that the temperature effect of annual temperature difference is small but the temperature effect of sunlight temperature difference is great and the temperature stress along beam depth resulted from sunlight temperature difference is nonlinear. with the comparison between the temperature effects of different position of bridge, the results show that where the section of bridge is small, the temperature stress of it is large

本文主要包括以下內容：從理論上研究並結合實測資料發展了一種比較理想的半經驗溫度場非線性分佈公式，並將有限元方法應用於剛架拱橋結構溫度應力的計算中，對橋梁結構進行整體溫度應力分析；討論了年溫差和日照溫差引起的橋梁結構的溫度效應，表明年溫差引起的溫度效應較小，而日照溫差引起的溫度應力較大且沿梁高呈非線性分佈；分析比較了橋梁結構各個部位的溫度效應的大小，可知截面越小溫度拉應力越大，受力越不利；並對箱梁結構由於構造不同引起的縱向與橫向的溫度效應大小進行了探討，發現在頂板下緣也會出現相當大的溫度拉應力，並且梗腋的存在反而增加了頂板底部的溫度拉應力；還對幾種相近的剛構式橋型的溫度效應進行了分析對比，總結了這些橋型針對溫度效應的優劣，並提出相應的針對性措施。

Now the affect and the measure of hypo _ harmonics is in the research. the influence of negative sequence is almost eliminated along with the enlargement of the system ' s capacity and the alternate connection of traction substations. the fixed parallel compensate equipment applied in traction substations consist of a constant capacitor and a constant inductance, so its output is constant

負序電流的問題已經因系統容量的增大、牽引變電所採用輪換接線方式而基本解決，電力部門實行的「反轉正計」 ，使採用對無功功率固定補償方式由於牽引負荷變化頻繁而出現補償容量不足或過補償現象，難以達到滿意效果。

After designing oil ditches on the surface of its arc - block, increase friction factor and make sure self - lock which solves above problem. do qualitative analysis to lower pair and one - way overrunning clutch and inner star - wheel - roller overrunning clutch by using self - made lever loader. the experiment shows : on the same condition, the deformation of new overrunning clutch ’ s surface contact with lower pair is smaller than the deformation of roller overrunning clutch ’ s line contact with higher pair and new overrunning clutch ’ s skid angle is smaller

對低副單向超越離合器的部件進行了加工製造，在超越離合器弧塊表面創新設計加工排油溝，增大摩擦系數，保證實現自鎖，解決了很多離合器工作過程中容易出現無法自鎖的問題;對低副單向超越離合器和內星輪滾柱超越離合器用自製杠桿加載器做了定性分析，實驗表明:相同條件下，新型離合器低副面接觸比滾柱離合器高副線接觸變形小、溜滑角小。

In this paper the formula, the technics, the dosage of the filler and the macromolecule coupling agent are studied which influence the technics condition, mechanical properties, structure configuration. also x - ray large angle diffraction, scan electron microscope, dta etc are used to analysis and test the properties of the pp / talc composites. conclusions as follows : 1

本文系統地研究了復合體系配方、工藝方法、填料及偶聯劑用量對復合體系工藝條件、力學性能及結構形態的影響，同時利用廣角x射線衍射、掃描電鏡、 dta等對復合體系的性能進行了測試與分析，主要研究內容及結論如下： 1滑石粉的加入，雖然使pp的熔化時間增加，但是混煉能耗下降，有利於pp的加工；偶聯劑的加入，使pp的熔化時間增加，能耗略有降低，總體而言，對加工無不利影響。

The composites with different compatibilizers and nano - sio2 content were characterized by means of mechanical testing, differential scanning calorimetry ( dsc ), x - ray diffraction ( xrd ), fourier transformation infra - red spectroscopy ( ft - ir ), transmission electron microscope ( tem ), scanning electron microscope ( sem ), etc. the relation between the structure and property of the composites was discussed in this thesis

研究了不同增容劑、納米sio _ 2含量對復合材料的沖擊強度、拉伸強度等力學性能；並利用差熱掃描量熱分析（ dsc ） 、 x射線衍射譜（ xrd ） 、紅外吸收光譜（ ir ） 、掃描電鏡（ sem ）等分析，討論了復合材料結構與性能的關系。

Local pair gain lpg

本地線對增容

Firstly, the paper introduces the development and application of computer graphics & image technique, discusses the principle and method of cg and digital image processing, such as matrix of the graphic transformation, homogeneous reference frame, sampling and quantization of the image, file format of the image, template operation, etc. secondly the paper introduces the purpose and method of image enhancement processing, explains the each occasion of those methods such as threshold transformation, smoothing processing, sharpening processing, analyzes and contrasts the processing results of object image. thirdly, the paper introduces the method of mathematics morphologic, edge detection and thinning processing, attains character description of image and character dots of the contour. fourthly, the paper processes the coordinate transformation to character dots and basic splines fitting, imports correlative condition to devise meshing line and meshing track

本文首先介紹了計算機圖形圖像技術的發展與應用情況，對計算機圖形學和數字圖像處理的一些基本理論和方法如圖形變換矩陣、齊次坐標系、圖像采樣和量化、圖像文件格式、模板操作等內容進行了討論：然後對圖像增強處理的目的和方法進行了介紹，對諸如閥值變換、平滑處理、銳化處理等方法的應用場合進行了說明，並對實物圖像的處理結果進行了分析與比較；接下來介紹了數學形態學方法、對增強后的圖像進行邊緣檢測的方法和圖像的特徵描述方法，並獲取輪廓的特徵點：隨后對獲取的特徵點進行坐標變換，並進行b樣條曲線擬合，引入相關條件生成齒輪副的嚙合線及嚙合軌跡：最後引入等值線和區域填充表示方法，並以等值線和區域填充的形式對弧齒錐齒輪嚙合模擬的載荷分佈情況進行了直觀的表示。

Answer 3 : according to the requirement of the urban planning department of shanghai, this queries and clarification will be added with the content of airport fast road line of hongqiao hug general plan

答：根據上海市城市規劃部門要求，本次答疑對虹橋樞紐總體規劃增加新建機場快線的內容。

Telephone communication is the most widely employed ways of communication in the world. telephone communication is becoming more and more important as the national economic reform deepens. dynamic channel borrowing assignment mode is an effective method in communication channel expansion. although it has been put into practical use in satellite communication and mobile communication, no one has attempted to apply it to telephone line expansion. in this paper the author expands the telephone line via dynamic channel borrowing assignment mode, ascertains the expansion scheme, designs the circuit of hardware in telephone line expansion device, draws up software programme, analyses the call lose after using the expansion device theoretically and then experiments to verify it. eight subscribers can share one or two telephone lines with the help of the telephone line expansion device with each phone a sole number. this makes it possible for subscribers to use any free telephone line. thus increasing the number of subscriber and utilization ration of telephone line. in addition. this project makes it possible for expansion subscribers to communicate directly while not to make use of outer line. which further decreased the system call lose

多通道共用是通信通道擴容的一種有效的方法，已在衛星通信、移動通信中得到應用，但尚未應用到電話線路擴容中。本文利用多通道共用原理對電話線路進行擴容，確定了多通道共用方式電話線路擴容的設計研究方案，研究設計了電話線路擴容器的硬體電路，編制了電話線路擴容器的軟體，並對使用電話線路擴容器后的呼損進行了理論分析及試驗研究。本文研究設計的多通道共用方式電話線路擴容器可以使8個用戶共用1 2對電話線路，每部用戶話機都具有獨立的電話號碼，可以利用任一空閑的電話線路，故能夠增加電話用戶，提高電話線路的利用率。

Stfs is a good coding arithmetic which is simple and easy to realize. moreimportantly stfs has higher diversity order and encoding gain than sts at the samesymbol rate. it can repel channel fading, improve data rate and wireless systemcapacity availability, stand against frequency selectivity fading, eliminate theintersymbol interference

該編碼演算法不僅在方法和原理上簡單，而且易於實現，在相同符號率下比空時擴頻具有更大的分集度和更高的編碼增益，能有效抵抗通道衰落、提高數據速率、提高無線系統容量、很好的對抗頻率選擇性衰落和消除符間干擾。

Remote pair gain rpg

遠程線對增容

Firstly, we introduced the significance and development, and theory of fingerprinting technology in a whole and analyzed that the lower bound on the fingerprint length needed approximately grows logarithmically in the number of uses and linearly in the number of pirates in theory

本文首先對數字指紋技術的意義、發展、理論等方面作了全面的概述；並從理論上分析了理想情況下所需指紋長度的下界近似地隨著碼集可容納用戶數對數增加，隨著抗合謀用戶數線性增加的原理。