線性自由能 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiànxìngzìyóunéng]
線性自由能 英文
linear free energy
  • 線 : 名詞1 （用絲、棉、金屬等製成的細長的東西） thread; string; wire 2 [數學] （一個點任意移動所構成的...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 由 : causereason
  • 能 : 能名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 線性 : [數學] [物理學] linear; linearity線性代數 linear algebra; 線性方程 linear equation; 線性規劃 line...
  • 自由 : freedomliberty
  1. To ensure the security of gi inspection, no approving method has been developed by far to drive the capsule endoscope but utilizing the natural peristalsis of gi tract. the uncontrollability of the capsule endoscope brings on some limitations in its functional extension in inspection, medication and surgery, such as temperature and ph measuring, medicament spraying, sampling, on - line sample analyzing, laser incising and rf cauterizing

    膠囊內窺鏡目前還沒有實用的主動驅動方法，只能利用消化道自然蠕動作為膠囊內窺鏡前進的動力。由於膠囊內窺鏡不可控，限制了它的功能擴展，比如壓縮空氣噴藥、吸取組織樣品、在線樣品分析、激光切割、射頻燒灼等。完善的膠囊內窺鏡系統需要在現有基礎上加入安全有效的驅動控制，可調整姿態、行進及定位，從而擴大膠囊內鏡檢查的適應癥、安全性與多功能性。
  2. Disigning coolant channel on the firebox of liquid rocket engine to loxodrome ( equal - angle helix ) groove can improve firebox coolant capability greatly. because the width dimension of loxodrome groove is narrow and the depth is deep, some machining methods are incapable, such as end - milling or electrochemistry. according to the peculiarities, a cnc disk - cutter - milling method which is composed of five motion axes with four simultaneously interpolated ones is researched. because most firebox generatrix is composed of complex curves, it is very difficult to get cnc cutting program with manual means. in order to deal with the problem, the loxodrome mathematics model is studied, and an auto - programming software system is developed. the software system can generate cnc cutting program of loxodrome on many kinds of turned surface. the constriction - distension segment of firebox is the most representative workpiece. the sharp changing of its generatrix slope makes loxodrome milling difficult. with the theory analyzing and practice cutting experiment, some applied techniques, which include milling mode and direction, choosing cutter diameter and cutting start point setting, are developed. adopting the technology above, tens regular workpiece have been manufacturing. the two - year manufacture practice has confirmed the validity and feasibility of developed loxodrome coolant channel milling method. the developed technology is also worth to be referenced to other similar workpiece

    將液體火箭發動機燃燒室的冷卻通道設計為斜航線（等傾角螺旋線）槽形，可以大幅度改善燃燒室的冷卻性能.斜航線冷卻槽的槽寬尺寸較小而槽深尺寸較大，所以無法使用棒銑刀銑削、電化學等加工方式.針對這些特點，提出了五軸控制、四軸聯動的數控片銑刀銑削加工方法.由於燃燒室外表面的母線輪廓復雜，手工編制數控加工程序難度大.為了解決數控加工程序的編制問題，研究了斜航線的數學模型，開發了自動編程軟體系統.使用該系統，可以生成多種母線輪廓回轉體外表面上的斜航線數控加工程序.燃燒室收斂-擴張段的母線斜率變化大，加工難度大，是斜航線冷卻通道加工的最典型工件.經過理論分析和實際切削實驗，研究了針對該類型工件的片銑刀直徑選擇、銑削方式和方向、刀具調整和起刀點的設置等多項實際的加工方案.採用上述的一系列技術，已經成功地加工了數十個合格工件.經過兩年多的實際生產過程應用，驗證了所開發的斜航線冷卻通道加工方法的正確性和可行性.這些加工技術的研製成功，對其他相似類型零件的加工亦具有參考意義
  3. Considering the characters of bp neural network, such as the simple structure, the advisable malleability, self - fitness, self - studying, nonlinear function approximating, the considerable abilities of parallel computing, fault - tolerant and so on, the bp algorithm have been extensively applied to the areas of system modeling, pattern recognition and seismic exploration since 1986. compared with other algorithms, as the above reasons, the bp algorithm has become the most usual and efficient solutions to the artificial neural networks

    由於人工神經網路中的bp神經網路結構簡單，可塑性強，具有良好的自適應、自學習、極強的非線性逼近、大規模并行處理和容錯能力等特點，自1986年rumelhart等人提出以來，被廣泛應用於系統建模、模式識別、地震勘探等重要領域。而bp演算法數學意義明確，步驟分明，是神經網路中最為常用、最有效、最活躍的一種方法。
  4. In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )

    主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。
  5. Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1

    故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展，即將上述假定改為： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同，但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量，藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比，消費者（農民）僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展，利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料（共1890戶） ，計算了（ 1 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額； （ 2 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重； （ 3 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。
  6. Abstract : a new clock - driven eco placement algorithm is presented for standard - cell layout design based on the table - lookup delay model. it considers useful clock skew information in the placement stage. it also modifies the positions of cells locally to make better preparation for the clock routing. experimental results show that with little influence to other circuit performance, the algorithm can improve permissible skew range distribution evidently

    文摘:提出了一種新的時鐘性能驅動的增量式布局演算法，它針對目前工業界較為流行的標準單元布局，應用查找表模型來計算延遲.由於在布局階段較早地考慮到時鐘信息，可以通過調整單元位置，更有利於后續的有用偏差時鐘布線和偏差優化問題.來自於工業界的測試用例結果表明，該演算法可以有效地改善合理偏差范圍的分佈，而對電路的其它性能影響很小
  7. Vi ( virtual instrument ) made up of general hardware and auto - test software is available along with the development of computer and electrical technology, test system based on vxibus is an example of vio test application of one set vxibus vi on space camera is presented in this papero this thesis introduces the development of auto - test technology and instrument concepts on vi > vxibus and its applications, sorts and analyzes the tested signals, describes in detailed the system integrate and auto - test software development of the vi, reveals plenty of test data recorded in graph, chart and file that collected by auto - test software, also the analysis and judgment result of the eye - view controller function tested by the auto - test software o

    基於vxi總線的測試系統是具有代表性的虛擬儀器。本文介紹了基於vxi總線的虛擬儀器在空間相機測試上的應用。文中介紹了自動測試技術與儀器的發展，介紹了虛擬儀器的有關概念，介紹了vxi總線系統的應用，對測試信號進行分類、分析，詳細說明了基於vxi總線的虛擬儀器的系統集成，說明了自動測試軟體的開發，列舉了由自動測試軟體獲得的，以圖形、圖表、文件等形式記錄的測試數據，以及由自動測試軟體得出的對目視控制器的功能進行分析和判斷的結果。
  8. Bluetooth technology, a new wireless technology in ism band, can freely transmit. data and voice in short distance. the application to intelligent home is one of the most important applications of bluetooth, and it drives bluetooth ' s development

    藍牙技術，作為一種在2 . 4ghz無線基礎上新發展起來的電纜置換技術，由於其全球統一的標準性、數據和語音傳輸方面的優越性、自動組網能力、低功耗、低成本和高安全性等特點，已經得到人們的廣泛認同。
  9. By the network, a optional nonlinear input - output mapping relationship can be realized. concrete mapping relationship materialize at the distributed linking weight values between neurons that build up the ann. due to the strong self - adaptability and self - learning - ability as well as excellent and robustness and tolerance ability, it can not only replace many traditional algorithm which is very complicated and timeconsuming, but also, because the processing to information is more close to person ' s thought activity habit, it provides a new way for solving the prediction of nonlinear system and unknown model

    通過這種網路能夠實現任意的非線性輸入輸出映射關系，具體的映射關系體現在構成網路的神經元之間的分佈連接權上，由於網路具有很強的自適應和學習能力以及魯棒性和容錯能力，它不僅可以替代許多復雜耗時的傳統演算法，並且由於它對信息的處理更加接近於人的思維活動習慣，為解決非線性系統模擬和未知模型的預測提供了新途徑。
  10. Based on the idea of subordinate meshes, we bring forward a new method of weighted volume which is used for constructing linear interpolation polynomials. besides, according to the eno interpolation on unstructured grids, a class of linear interpolation polynomial is developed on irregular quadrilateral grids and allows very small oscillation. program in fortran is given for a remapping algorithm developed by caiqingdong

    另外，根據非結構網格的eno插值的思想，構造了四邊形網格網眼內的線性插值多項式，由於利用其插值點自適應選取的特性，在物理量變化劇烈區域選取最光滑區域的點來插值，雖然不能保持單調性，但只允許出現非常小的振蕩。
  11. In this paper an artificial neural network ( ann ) approach, which is based on flexible nonlinear models for a very broad class of transfer functions, is applied for multi - spectral data analysis and modeling of airborne laser fiuorosensor in order to differentiate between classes of oil on water surface

    由於ann方法適合於處理非線性系統，具有自組織、自學習、自適應和聯想能力，故通過對樣本反復訓練，能辨別各類樣本特徵差異，本論文的核心工作就是將人工神經網路（ ann ）的方法應用於激光遙感光譜數據的智能分析。
  12. There are lots of non - linear systems in the nature. because classical and morden control methods have common limitation : mathematical model of the plant has to be known in advance. but in fact many plants are intricate uncentaintied and time - varying. in addition, they also are non - linear. though there are methods of system identification in control theories, the identification theories and ways of non - linear and time - varying system are not mature and systematic. it is very difficult to carry out effective real - time control. the neural networks can approximate random non - linear relations and study by itself, and it provides new thoughts and new ways for solving these problems

    由於經典和現代控制方法存在一個共同的局限性：就是要求預先知道被控對象的數學模型，但實際上許多對象具有復雜的不確定性和時變性；此外還具有復雜的非線性。雖然在控制理論中有系統辨識的手段，但是對于非線性時變系統尚無成熟的和系統的辨識理論與方法，要實行有效的實時控制就很難了。人工神經元網路有表示任意非線性關系和自學習等能力，給解決這些問題提供了新思想和新方法。
  13. Aees employs the multi - staged digital filter algorithm to reduce random error. meanwile, the system correct zero deviation through linear opreation. the instrument, from hardware aspect increases the feature of anti - interference by the way of reasonable layout, sepration of digital and analogue

    系統採用了中值濾波和滑動平均濾波相結合的多級數字濾波演算法來減小隨機誤差，並以精密基準電壓作為比較信號的輸入，由智能系統通過線性運算，實時地修正、校準測量數據，減小系統的零漂，實現自動定標並提高測量的精度。
  14. As neural network has the ability of self - learning, that utilizes prior output data of uncertain system to estimate iteratively the static state property of system in order to achieve ideal approaching precision for identification of the positive model, a robust iterative learning control scheme on the basis of better positive model is designed. the neural network is used to identify the positive model of nonlinear system on iterative axis, which can give feed - forward action of iterative learning controller to reduce the effects of nonlinear properties and model uncertainties. meanwhile, feedback action of iterative learning controller make joint movement follow the desired trajectory on time axis by using controlled parameters derived by the neural network

    由於神經網路具有自學習能力，它可利用不確定性系統的歷史輸出數據對系統的穩態特性進行估計，使得對系統正向模型的辨識達到理想的逼近精度，然後在此正向模型的基礎上進行學習控制律的設計：即採用神經網路辨識非線性系統的正向模型，並消除系統不確定性和外部干擾的影響，使關節運動沿迭代軸方向逼近期望軌跡；迭代學習控制器在線學習控制參量，使關節運動沿時間軸方向跟蹤期望軌跡。
  15. Secondly, the performance of the acousto - optic steering system is deteriorated as a result of the coupling because of nonlinear of quadrant detector and the pointing error introduced by satellite platform vibration. for this problem, this paper introduces the model reference adaptive control system, and presents the perfect model. the model reference adaptive controller is designed to force the output of the acousto - optic steering system following the output of the perfect model to improve the system performance

    其次，針對聲光偏轉系統由於器件的非線性造成的耦合和平臺振動造成的指向誤差導致系統性能惡化問題，引入了模型參考自適應控制系統，提出了理想的模型，設計了模型參考自適應控制器，強迫性能惡化的聲光偏轉系統的輸出跟隨理想模型的輸出，使其性能改善，利用超穩定性理論確定自適應參數以保證系統的穩定性。
  16. These are the key technologies of srfcs. so, there is far trying in reconstruction field. artificial neural network ( ann ) is a information processing system which is composed of a number of nonlinear computational elements which operate in parallel and are arranged in a manner reminiscent of biological neural interconnection

    人工神經網路（ ann ： artificialneuralnetwork ）是一種自適應信號處理系統，它是一個具有高度非線性的超大規模連續時間的動力系統，它由許多的具有非線性計算能力的計算單元模仿生物神經系統神經元的連接方式連接而成，以并行方式運作。
  17. Finally, lms linear equalizer is designed based on fpga because of its good performance, simple structure and low calculating complexity

    由於nlms線性均衡器的性能較好，且結構簡單，計算復雜度低，因此本文選用nlms演算法實現自適應均衡器的硬體系統。
  18. When ships are at their actual voyages the working conditions ( such as loading, depth of drafu ship speed ) and the navigating environments ( such as the sea route, depth of water, wind, wave, current ) are variable to a large extent. the whole during is a procedure of model varying with time nonlinear and large disturbance. the introduction of the intelligent controlling method can contribute to the improvement of automation degree for ship avoiding collision and maneuvering systems

    由於船舶的運動在實際的航行過程中隨船舶的工作狀態（如載荷、吃水深度、航速等）及航行環境（如航線、水深、風、浪、流等）的不同而有很大的變化，是一個模型時變、非線性、大幹擾的過程，將智能化控制技術用於其中將會有助於船舶避碰與操縱系統的自動化程度的提高。
  19. The idea of on - line compensating with neural network is introduced to eliminate the inversion error which resulted from the inaccurate fighter ' s model and the faults of the fighter. the dynamic performance is improved by the weight value ' s adaptive adjust of the neural network

    為了消除由於模型不精確和飛行故障等所引起的求逆誤差，設計自適應在線神經網路用於補償非線性動態逆誤差，根據神經網路權值的在線調整來提高系統的動態性能。
  20. The extensive applications for power electronic apparatus and nonlinear equipment distort the waveforms of voltages and currents. as a result, power quality is going much worse. in addition, due to the improvement of industrial automatization, such parts of an apparatus as mpu and plc are applied to industrial process controls, which are disturbed easily by stirs from power system

    一方面由於電力電子器件和非線性設備的廣泛應用，使得電網中的電壓、電流波形發生畸變，造成電能質量的嚴重惡化；另一方面由於工業自動化水平的提高，微處理器和plc等智能器件大量應用於工業過程式控制制，而這些精細過程式控制制更容易受到電力系統抖動的影響，因此現代工業對電能質量提出了更高的要求。
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