締約成本 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [dìyāochéngběn]
締約成本
英文
contracting cost-
As to the law basic, the thesis analyses it from two main aspects : the foundation of contract law and the foundation of tort law. the foundation of cl is supported by theories of contract - breaking responsibility and misfeasance responsibility in contracting ; the foundation of tl is the civil tort liability and it gives the analysis to the causation and the principle of imputation when the civil tort liability is tenable
對證券交易民事責任的法律根據，本文主要從合同法基礎和侵權法基礎兩方面進行分析，其中，合同法基礎就在於違約民事責任理論和締約過失責任理論，而侵權法基礎則為侵權民事責任理論，並對作為侵權民事責任成立基礎的因果關系和歸責原則進行剖析。The theory of fault in the process of contacting and negotiation for contract was mentioned by germen jurits rudolf vou jhering in 1861. its meaning is when one party ' s civil wrong broke the statutory duty of reasonable care arisen from the principle of good faith, during the process of contacting and negotiation for contract, and cause other party ' s interests or reliance interest damages, the former must compensate for the later ' s loss. statutory obligation for fault in the process of contacting and negotiation for contract is different from that for breach of contract and that for tortuous acts
本文主要從以下幾個方面對締約過失責任理論、法律制度方面需完善的問題進行探討：一、對締約過失責任的概念和構成進行探討：二、對締約過失責任中缺失的對精神損害救濟的法律規定問題進行全面、系統的分析、論述；三、論述了締約過失責任與違約責任並存和競合的情形，在合同法上應允許締約過失責任與違約責任的並存、競合，充分保護權利人的合法利益；四、對締約過失責任法律制度應注重對締約過失行為的監控問題進行探討。Comparing with the stockjobbers outside, although we can also enjoy the same treatment with others, we are still too weak even from the capital size capital strength managerial mechanism managerial efficiency to the stuff of talented person along with entering the wto, our stock market will completely be opened, abroad stockjobbers will threaten our stockjobbers seriously when they are familiar with the operations of our lacal ones, however, we can also obtain more and more opportunities at the same time : the market of our local stockjobbers will become wider from local to international capital market, it can advanced the speed of our local securities industry to improve the system conditions, to renovate manage system, to ameliorate the technic measures, to enrich the xervice breeds ; besides, it can also drive us to adjust the economica l structure, optimize the station of resource, transform the manage mechanism, all of these will provide a wider space for the local stockjobbers after entering the wto, the main develop trends of local stockjobbers are express at : invest - banking operations will become more important, the broking competition will be more fury, the property management will become the rising point of new profits of us
雖然按對等原則，我國證券業也可以進入其他締約國金融市場並享受該國資本的同等待遇，但與境外券商相比，境內券商無論是在資產規模、資金實力、管理機制、經營效率，還是人才素質上，都無法與之抗衡。加入wto后，證券市場終將全面開放，國外證券公司在熟悉中國證券市場的操作后，將對國內券商的業務構成嚴重的威脅，以往國內券商發展業務的許多手段都將很快失靈，從而對券商的經營思路和發展戰略產生深刻的影響。然而，加入wto也使我國證券業獲得了更多新的發展機遇：將使國內券商的生存發展空間進一步拓展到國際資本市場的大舞臺；將從外部促使中國證券業向著市場化、規范化和多功能化的國際證券業發展趨勢快速推進，從而使證券業發展的制度環境得以改善；將促使我國券商更新管理體制，提高管理水平，改進和創新技術手段、業務方式和服務品種，提升競爭層次；此外，加入wto還將推動我國的經濟結構調整、資源優化配置和企業經營機制轉換，為券商開拓業務和進行各種創新活動提供了了廣闊的空間。In regards to treaties or agreements that are professional or technical in contents, signatories may agree to adopt a commonly used foreign language only for the original copies
專門性及技術性之條約或協定約本，締約各方得約定僅使用某一國際通用文字作成。An operator may not adopt the following means to infringe business secrets : obtaining business secrets from the owners of rights by stealing, promising of gain, resorting to coercion or other improper means ; disclosing, using, or allowing others to use business secrets of the owners of rights obtained by the means mentioned in the preceding item
L締約各方應規定適當和有效的法律補救辦法，制止任何人明知或就民事補救而言有合理根據知道其行為會誘使促成便利或包庇對本條約或伯爾尼公約所涵蓋的任何權利的侵犯而故意從事以下行為：The paper investigates, through a series of cases, the effect of the treaties made exclusively by the eu on the member states, and finds out that those treaties are part of the eu law, have direct applicability and are of supremacy compared with the domestic laws of the member states
本文最後一部分通過對案例的分析，從歐盟在沒有成員國參加時單獨締結的條約對成員國的拘束力的角度，對專屬締約權進行了考察，闡明了歐盟締結的條約是歐盟法的一部分，具有和歐盟內部基礎法一樣的效力，可以直接適用，且效力優于成員國國內法。The paper analyzes the provisions of the three founding treaties related to the community ' s legal personality, and holds that the eu has internal legal personality. the paper makes a comparative study on the eu ' s external legal personality under the three pillars and draws a conclusion that under the amsterdam treaty the eu has external legal personality, which is the legal base of the treaty - making power of the eu
本文首先通過對歐盟成立之前歐洲三個共同體有關條約對法律人格規定的分析，認為歐盟具有對內法律人格，然後通過對歐盟三大支柱的分析，認為歐盟在《阿姆斯特丹條約》下具有對外法律人格，以此作為歐盟締約權的基礎。As the special principal party of the e - contract, the legal status of isp is similar to the function of the post office in traditional contracting. during contract making process, the automatic electronic business system is named as electronic agent. it is substantially different from the traditional agent
在電子合同訂立過程中，促成合同達成的自動化的電子交易系統通常被稱作電子代理人，與普通的代理存在著本質的區別，由於不具備法律上的人格，其相應的締約能力受到了質疑。Where a staff member of the state organ responsible for supervision over and inspection of acts of unfair competition abuses his powers and neglects his duty, constituting a crime, his criminal responsibilities shall be investigated according to law ; where the act does not constitute a crime, he shall be subject to disciplinary sanction
在本款中， 「有關當事方」系指涉及到其正式語文或正式語文之一的本組織任何成員國，並且如果涉及到其正式語文之一，亦指歐洲共同體和可成為本條約締約方的任何其他政府間組織。We fully support the various environmental protection, waste reduction and recovery as well as energy saving plans of the environmental protection department and encouraged its customers to participate in activities like the 3r waste recovery campaign, recycling of rechargeable batteries and used electrical appliances, recovery of old electrical appliances and computers, the wastewi e scheme as well as other energy saving schemes demonstrating its efforts to protect the earth and to provide a green lifestyle for its customers
我們全力支持和響應環保署各項減廢回收及節省能源計劃和措施，並鼓勵屬下的物業參與各項回收活動，其中包括廢紙鋁罐膠樽回收計劃充電池回收計劃舊電器及電腦回收明智減廢計劃和各項節約能源的措施等，為愛護地球出一分力，致力為業戶締造一個饒具成本效益的綠化生活環境。This treaty shall apply to marks consisting of visible signs, provided that only those contracting parties which accept for registration three - dimensional marks shall be obliged to apply this treaty to such marks
本條約適用於由視覺標志構成的商標，但唯有接受立體商標注冊的締約方才有義務將本條約也適用於立體商標。Its efficiency manifests mainly in two aspects : 1 ) directly manifested in reducing the contracting cost ; 2 ) indirectly manifested in reducing the cost caused by courts " misjudgments
格式條款的效率主要表現在兩個方面，一方面格式條款通過減少締約成本直接體現效率，另一方面通過減少法院審判錯誤成本，間接體現效率。It is the base on which the judge solve the parties " conflicts. but language is vague, information is asymmetry, and the cost of making contract is high, so judge must interpret the contract before determining the rights and duties between the parties
合同是當事人間的法律，是處理當事人間糾紛的重要依據，但由於受語言的模糊性、信息的不對稱性和締約成本的限制，合同必須解釋始能用以確定當事人間的權利義務關系。With its incomparable advantage, such as high efficiency of concluding contract, low cost of concluding contract, promoting the security of trade and so on, standard clauses have been applied extensively in all fields of social economy and have done great contribution towards the development of modern economy
由於格式條款具有節省締約時間、節約締約成本以及增進交易安全等傳統合同條款無法比擬的優越性，所以它被廣泛使用於社會經濟生活各個領域，並且已為現代經濟的發展作出了令人矚目的貢獻。In february 2002, the animals and plants ( protection of endangered species ) ordinance, cap. 187 was amended to give effect to changes that were adopted by the conference of parties to convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. more species were added to the control list, including hwamei and asian box turtles
在二零零二年二月，本署完成修訂香港法例第187章《動植物（瀕危物種保護）條例》 ，將更多瀕危物種納入管制范圍，包括畫眉及閉殼龜，以符合《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》締約國大會的最新決定。One of the most controversial issues on cites agenda in 2000 included the downlisting i. e. transfer from appendix i to appendix ii of populations of minke whales proposed by both norway and japan
於2000年舉行的第十一屆瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約締約國會議，挪威及日本建議把明克鯨由現時的附錄一改為列入附錄二，成為引起最多爭論的議程之一。C in exceptional circumstances, however, where delay might cause damage which would be difficult to repair, a contracting party may levy a countervailing duty for the purpose referred to in subparagraph of this paragraph without the prior approval of the contracting parties ; provided that such action shall be reported immediately to the contracting parties and that the countervailing duty shall be withdrawn promptly if the contracting parties disapprove. 7
丙然而，在某些例外情況下，如果延遲將會造成難以補救的損害，一締約國雖未經締約國全體事前批準也可以為本款乙項所述之目的而徵收反貼補稅但這項行動應立即向全體締約國報告，如未獲批準，這種反貼補稅應即予撒消。The wto has " members ". gatt had " contracting parties ", underscoring the fact that officially gatt was a legal text
世貿有"成員" 。關貿總協定有"締約方" ，強調了關貿總協定正式而言是一個法律文本。And in the light of the nash ' s negotiation theory, the paper sets up the negotiation model of the shareholder and the manager, which analyze the difficulty of contracting in the changes of the contracting domain as well as the efficiency of stock market according to the difficulty of contracting, and focuses the analysis on the influence of the institutional factors of the stock market to the contracting behavior between the shareholder and the manager
在納什談判理論的基礎上，本文建立了股東與經理人的談判模型，用雙方締約區間的變化分析締約的難度，用締約難度分析股票市場的效率，重點分析股票市場制度因素對股東和經理人締約行為的影響。股票發行是股東與經理人的締約過程，也是產權機制發揮作用的過程，形成公司的內部治理結構。Standard regulation was published in sui and tang dynasty ’ s. ‘ rent ’ and ‘ employment ’ had be distinguished by law too. most of the unearthed employment contracts of dunhuang and tulufan were in this period. when in time of song dynasty, the range of wage labor grew fairly wide
本文概述了中國古代雇傭契約制度產生、發展、成熟和完善的歷史過程，並從敦煌吐魯番雇傭契約入手，詳細分析了雇傭契約的內容，明確了締約主體及雇傭雙方的權利義務。分享友人