缺損一部分 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [quēsǔnyībùfēn]
缺損一部分 英文
waney
  • 缺 : Ⅰ動詞1 （缺乏; 短少） be short of; lack 2 （殘缺） be missing; be incomplete 3 （該到而未到） be ...
  • 損 : Ⅰ動詞1 （減少） decrease; lose 2 （損害） harm; damage 3 [方言] （用尖刻的話挖苦人） speak sarcas...
  • 部 : Ⅰ名詞1 （部分; 部位） part; section; division; region 2 （部門; 機關或組織單位的名稱） unit; mini...
  • 分 : 分Ⅰ名詞1. （成分） component 2. （職責和權利的限度） what is within one's duty or rights Ⅱ同 「份」Ⅲ動詞[書面語] （料想） judge
  • 缺損 : chipping
  • 部分 : （整體中的局部或個體） part; section; portion
  1. It consists of eight parts : from part one to part six the following are analysis and studies such as the definition and scope of products both at home and abroad, the definition and norms of judgement of the product defects, the imputation principle of pl, the subject of pl, the pl cause of counterplea, the compensation for damages of pl. etc. in part seven is a brief comparison between responsibility of quote and lawsuit limitation. and a conclusion is drawn from the above seven parts which will gives us some ideas about what we should learn and what will make it perfect for our pl

    第一部分至第六部分依次就中外產品責任法中產品的定義和范圍、產品缺陷的定義和判斷標準、產品責任的歸責原則、產品責任主體、產品責任的抗辯事由、產品責任的損害賠償進行了比較研究並就以上各方面我國產品責任立法必須完善之處分別在各部分進行了闡述；第七部分就產品責任訴訟中的舉證責任和訴訟時效進行了簡略的比較；結語部分就上述七部分我國產品責任法的可供借鑒之處和完善進行了結論性的綜述。
  2. Section two the evaluation of biocompatibility of the acellular dermal matrix by the method of cell culture. the new born rat ' s epdermic cells were cultured with the acellular dermal matrix together as experiment group, while the epdermic cell were cultured simply as control. 24 hours later, under the invert microscope, the epidermic cells anchored well and transparent flat cells were observed in both groups. 7 days later, both cultured cells were taked out and fixed in 95 % ethanol, stained with hematoxylin and were observed under light microscope. many cleaved cells were observed in both groups. during cell culture, no pathogenic microganism was observed. so we considered the acellular dermal matrix was aseptic and had good biocompatibility. section three subdermal implantation of the acellular dermal matrix. 24 rats were used in the experiments. a piece of acellular dermal matrix ( 1. 5 x 1. 5cm2 ) was implanted beneath the dorsum skin flaps of each rat, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after implantation, 6 pieces of acellular dermal matrix were harvested and the size of implanted acellular dermal matrix were measured, the sections were used for he staining and observed under light microscope. the result were as folio wing : 1 - 2 weeks after implantation, the acellular dermal matrix began to adhere to the tissue around and turned red gradually ; 3 - 4weeks after implantation, the acellular dermal matrix adhered closely to the tissue around and could be recognized easily, 1 - 3 weeks after implantation, the size of implanted acellular dermal matrix had no statistical difference ( p > 0. 05 ). 4 weeks after implantation implanted acellular dermal matrix contracted ( p < 0. 05 ). under light microscope, l - 2weeks after implantation, the fibroblast cells infiltrated the acellular dermal matrix and a small amount endothelial cells of vessel and lympho - histiocytic cells infiltrated the acellular dermal matrix. 3 - 4 weeks after implantation, infiltrating blood vessels were evident. so we think that the acellular dermal matrix had low immunological reactions and could induce the infiltration of fibroblast macrophage cell and the endothelial cells of vessel

    結果如下：皮下包埋卜周者，無細胞真皮基質漸與周圍組織粘附，顏色由蒼白轉紅；皮下包埋3周者，無細胞真皮基質與周圍組織緊密枯附，盾晰葉辯；術后卜周，包埋的基質面積變化較包埋前無統計學差異o川0引，術后4周包埋的無細胞真皮基質面積較包埋前縮小j刃刀5 ） 。光鏡下術后卜周，宿主的淋巳組織細胞、成纖維細胞浸入生長，釉附在膠原纖維上，少量血管內皮細胞浸入基質；術后34周，無細胞真皮基質內較多的血管形成，故可認為無細胞真皮基質免疫原性低，能誘導宿主的成纖維細胞、巨噬細胞浸入生長，為一種新型的真皮替代物。第四部分無細胞真皮基質與自體斷層皮片復合移棺的研究， sd大鼠10隻，在其背部卜方造成全厚皮膚缺損的創面
  3. Plastic has the plastic of pair of congenital deformation, happen in the harelip of labial ministry for instance ; still having one share is wait as a result of traumatic, tumour for instance as a result of acquired reason cause the deformation that be short of caustic, need plastics

    整形有對先天性畸形的整形，比如發生在唇部的唇裂；還有一部分是由於後天的原因比如由於外傷、腫瘤等造成缺損畸形，需要整形。
  4. When the extensor digitorum brevis is used as reverse - flow flap, its entire muscle belly can be used for covering small defect in the distal one - third of the dorsal foot

    我們成功利用逆轉式伸趾短肌皮瓣來重建足部遠端三分之一處軟組織缺損的兩個病例，都可以得到良好的覆蓋。
  5. Secondly, introducing the image analyzing technology with reference to the disadvantages of the traditional ferr - graph analysis technology, and with the combination of characteristic parameter optimizing filtration so as to raise a description method of debris micro - morphologic character. thirdly, with the application of mode recognition method, completing the process of debris auto - recognition based on the collected information of the debris configuration characteristics ; and conducting the diagnosis on the aero - engine wear faults according to the theory of particle tribology. fourthly, introducing information fusion technology to solve the problem that a single method can not collect enough fault premonitory information to conduct the wear fault diagnosis, hence to conduct the research and exploration in the field of comprehensive diagnosis on the aero - engine ' s multi - fault premonitory information

    本文的研究工作主要包括以下五個部分：首先，介紹航空發動機常見的磨損故障類型，研究磨損故障的失效機理，分析磨粒的產生機理、分類以及形態特徵：其次，針對傳統鐵譜分析技術的缺點，引入圖像分析技術，再結合特徵參數優化篩選，形成基於圖像的磨粒顯微形態學特徵描述方法：然後，基於提取到的磨粒形態特徵信息，應用模式識別方法完成磨粒自動識別，並根據顆粒摩擦學的基本原理進行航空發動機磨損故障的診斷與定位：再后，鑒于單一方法不能提取足夠的故障徵兆信息進行磨損故障診斷，本文引入信息融合技術，開展航空發動機多故障徵兆信息綜合診斷方法的研究與探索；最後，基於航空發動機滑油光譜分析與鐵譜分析數據，應用時序模型、灰色模型以及組合模型進行磨損故障的預測方法研究。
  6. Downside : toe rand susceptible to gouging and tearing on rocky scrambles, but overall durability is surprising for such a light shoe

    缺點：在多巖石的路面爬行時，腳趾邊緣部位很容易磨損。但是對于這樣一款十分輕巧的鞋來說，它的耐用性還是令人吃驚的。
  7. The another one, the system of most private enterprise is non - consummate, such as not consummate at the field of management structure, bestirring and inhibiting rules, stratagem and management, and result in the poor core competence. for examples, some leaders of private enterprise are arbitrary and do n ' t believe in other people to manage work ; only trust his connection and private friends to be in charge of management ; some decision made according to feeling only, not according to scientific judgment ; in defect of bestirring and inhibiting rules. . so on. there are total five chapters in this article

    究其原因，一方面是因為目前中國保護民營企業的制度機制還不完善，民營企業還無法取得和國營企業相同的政治待遇，另一方面是由於多數民營企業自身制度缺損，表現在企業治理結構、激勵約束機制、戰略管理等方面極不完善，從而造成的核心競爭力普遍低下，如：民營企業家決策中獨斷專行，對他人不能放心放權；民營企業經營管理中太相信親戚和朋友；部分決策聽任感覺，缺乏科學論斷；缺少激勵約束機制等。
  8. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  9. Analysis results of histogram statistics and section electron microscopic scan technique, are that fracture feature of the cracks of the hbbb is similar and the crack is multi - source strain fatigue one. internal defects of the cast, such as impurities, gas holes, etc, are the main causes for early cracks. the contrast analysis of static strength, model and transient respond on three structures with fem proves that geometrical stress concentration in partial area has influence on early crack, also

    利用直方圖等統計方法和電鏡掃描技術對該抱軸箱體裂紋分析的結果是：抱軸箱體的裂紋斷口特徵相近，裂紋性質屬于多源性低周疲勞裂紋，鑄件中的夾雜、氣孔等內部缺陷是導致過早裂損的主要原因；利用有限元法對該抱軸箱體三種結構的靜強度、模態和動態響應對比分析，證實了局部幾何性應力集中對過早裂損也有一定影響。
  10. In this thesis, after analyzing corporate capital, corporate capital system, the advantage and disadvantage of three kinds of corporate systems, the author used methods such as “ the law of barrel ”, “ cost - benefit ”, mathematics equation and so on with innovation to analyze three principles of corporate capital ( confirming, maintaining and unchanging ) and the applying effects of three corporate capital systems in different social environments. it is found that statutory capital system is favorable to increase the cost of setting up and running a company, to prevent some one with bad intention from corporate economical deception and upsetting the social economic order. but with the completion of the relevant social systems, the cost of corporate economical deception is increased ; the events of corporate economical deception and the destruction influence can be lowered down

    本文在分析公司資本、公司資本制度內涵及三種資本制度優缺點的前提下，創新地運用經濟學的「木桶原則」 、 「成本?效益」和數學方程式等方法，分析公司資本的確定、維持、不變三原則和三種資本制度對不同社會環境的適用效果后，認為法定資本制有利提高設立、運營公司的成本，阻止一部分惡意人員利用公司進行經濟詐欺，擾亂社會經濟秩序，但隨著相關社會制度體系的完善，相關制度體系提高了惡意人員利用公司經濟詐欺的成本，減少了經濟詐欺的行為與損害後果，這時，法定資本制度保持原有設立、運營公司的高門檻就顯得不合理，其阻礙社會資本進入公司發展的副作用就突出了;而折衷、授權資本制對公司設立、運營的成本依次降低，更有利於公司吸收社會資本發揮經濟推動作用。
  11. The third part analyzes damages of elements of products liability. most countries stipulate that physical harm, economic harm and other indirect harm caused by defected products should be restored, of course, they are limited to different degree. however, countries have diverge on the stipulation of damages of products themselves. there are three modes on the compensation of damages of products themselvesronly physical harm and economic harm are dealt with in the suit of products liability, and damages of products themselves is dealt with by means of contract law ; all are dealt with hi the suit of products liability ; comprised way. the thesis considers that comprised way is more reasonable and can protect harmed parties more fully and " conviently. besides this, the article discusses the calling back of defective products preliminarily, and considers that as one means of duty disregarding fault, it can be one kind of effective supplement of liability of compensation for damages

    本文第三部分對產品責任構成中的損害問題進行了分析。本文從比較法上考察了各國關于損害問題的規定，發現大多數國家對缺陷產品引起的人身損害、財產損失及其間接損失，明確規定予以賠償，只是程度不等地受到限制;對于產品自身損害，則存在分歧。關于產品自身損害，一般來說，賠付方式有三種:一是在產品責任訴訟中只處理缺陷產品所造成的對受害人的人身和財產的損害，而產品自身損害只能通過合同法的途徑加以解決;二是將二者放在產品責任訴訟中一併解決;三是折衷的辦法。
  12. At present, lacking of risk awareness is one of the problems existing generally in chinese enterprises, or paying little attention to risk management, or immature ability on risk management. most enterprises suffer great losses, because they only adopt some remedial measures passively after the crises

    當前，國內企業普遍存在的一個問題就是缺乏風險意識，或者是不重視風險管理，或者是風險管理的能力不成熟，絕大部分企業只是在危機發生后才被動地採取一些彌補措施，給企業造成了巨大的損失。
  13. The bridges are pivotal stronghold of the whole road. it becomes more and more popluar that some existing bridges betray multifarious structure damage and the limitations below the anticipative functions inevitably by reason of structure aging or vehicle load increasing or adverse environment or maintenance deficiency. lt results in not only the local bottleneck of the line and hidden trouble to the passing vehicle if the defective bridges are not duly maintained and reinforced. as a result, the bridge evaluation is specially important to the maintenance and strengthening. futhermore, we can not demolish and rebuild only but adop corresponding measures according ad temporal condition when the bridges are deemed to have defectiveness. so it accords with the situation of a country that the reinforcement and other upgrade measures aim at the bridge attention

    由於結構自然老化、車輛荷載增加、不利環境影響以及養護維修欠缺，一部分橋梁不可避免地要暴露出各種結構損傷和既有橋梁不滿足規定功能要求的問題越來越普遍。如果這些技術狀況不佳的橋梁得不到及時的維修和加固，不僅會造成整條線路的局部瓶頸，而且還會對通行的車輛造成極大的隱患。因此，橋梁評估作為橋梁維修和加固的依據就顯得尤為重要；此外出現了技術狀況不佳的橋梁應根據實際情況採取相應的措施，而不能僅僅採取拆除重建的方法，因此加固和其他升級方法是目前比較符合中國國情的橋梁改造措施。
  14. This part consists of five points : there is no way to determine the real nature of the labor reeducation system ; the criterion of this system ' s definition and applying object is not definite and predictable ; its examination and approval authority exists in name only ; its severity degree does n ' t correspond to its harmfulness to the society ; it is quite deficient in its application procedures

    第一部分：目前勞動教養制度存在的缺陷分析本部分包括五點內容，分析了勞動教養制度的性質無法明確；適用對象和條件的界定標準缺乏明確性和可預測性；審批機關名存實亡；嚴厲程度與行為的社會危害程度不相適應：適用程序嚴重缺損。
  15. The treatment of extensive deep burn wound is mainly by transplantation of razor - thin graft or split - thickness skin autograft in clinic. but the lack of dermis makes the wound heal with scarring and contraction. we can prepare a new kind of acellular dermal matrix ( adm ) by the method of naoh - maceration. first the acellular dermal matrix became vascularized within 3 weeks after implantation into full thickness skin defects in sd rats, then auto - split - thickness skin was overlaid on it. by animal experiments, we observed that the new kind of composite skin can reduce scarring and contraction of transplantation of razor - thin or split - thickness skin autograft

    目前在臨床上治療大面積深度燒傷的方法是移植刃厚或斷層自體皮，但因缺乏足夠的真皮成分，常造成疤痕和攣縮，本實驗用naoh消蝕法研製出一種新的真皮基質（ adm ） ，先將其移植于全厚皮膚缺損的大鼠背部創面，外覆蓋輻照豬皮保護3周，使其血管化，再在其上移植斷層自體皮，經動物實驗我們觀察到這種新型復合皮膚，可以減少單純移植刃厚或斷層自體皮造成疤痕和攣縮。
  16. According to the reality of engineering, the article makes a deep study of the electricity - magnetism detection of the loss of metallic cross - sectional area of wire rope, brings forward a designing method of lma detecting sensor based on the theory of magnetic bridge, develops out a data collecting and dealing system that is assorted to it, and accomplishes all the designing and confecting work of the hardware and software of the system

    金屬截面積損失是一種較常見且非常重要的鋼絲繩缺陷，本論文結合工程實際，對鋼絲繩金屬截面積損失信號的電磁法定量檢測作了深入的研究。提出了一種基於磁橋路原理的鋼絲繩金屬截面積檢測傳感器的設計方法，研製出與之相配套的數據採集與處理的cpu系統，完成了系統各部分軟硬體的開發與調試工作。
  17. A novel catheter technique for patching holes in the heart may make it possible for many patients to avoid surgery altogether and others to regain enough strength to safely undergo surgical repair at a later date, according to a study reported at the 30th annual scientific sessions of the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, may 9 - 12, 2007, in orlando, fl

    2007年5月9日至12日在佛羅里達州奧蘭多市舉行心血管造影及介入聯合會第30界年會，大會的一項研究報告揭示，一項新的修補心臟缺損的介入導管技術可以使許多患者完全免於外科手術，也可以使部分過于虛弱不能耐受手術的患者恢復足夠的身體耐受性再來安全地接受隨后的手術。
  18. First of all, this paper introduces the whole design project and interrelated knowledge about non - destructive detection, ultrasonic detection, and phased - array ultrasonic detection then the paper depicts the principle of phased - array focus and abstracts a set of math model and feasible arithmetic on the base of the real parameter of the system. put forward several problems that exist during the course of system development and program. introduce some measures of distinguish that are often used in non - destructive detecting and echo wave crest

    然後在文中以較大的篇幅，描述了相控陣聚焦的原理，並根據該系統的實際參數，抽象出一套數學模型和可行的演算法，在此基礎上提出了在系統開發過程及編程實現過程中存在的一些問題；介紹了在無損檢測中缺陷的分類和對回波峰常用的識別方法，詳述了系統開發過程中使用的其中一種識別方法，即判別是否存在缺陷的演算法，並給出實現之的部分核心程序；詳述主控程序如何控制各部分並協調各相關軟體的工作，使整個系統發揮最高效能，並給出主要設計框圖和程序。
  19. In addition, there are great majority of risks especially such as accidental event, random natural calamity that can be expected in advance. as to owner and even contractor, it is very difficult to avoid these risks although they do their best to keep them away

    除此之外，還有很大一部分風險尤其是意外事件、自然災害是隨機的、難以事先預料的，業主和承包商即使恪盡注意義務也難以避免，例如施工人員傷亡、第三者財產損毀或人身傷亡、材料缺陷、政治風險等。
  20. It explains the general theories on right realization and deficiency with the legal principles ; it also analyses the destruction of the right to education of these children of the flowing people in china and the reasons in details

    結合法學原理，闡釋了權利實現與受損的一般理論;具體分析了我國流動人口子女受教育權的缺損情況及其成因。第三部分:流動人口子女受教育權的保障機制。
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