義務性規范 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yìwùxìngguīfàn]
義務性規范 英文
compulsory criterion
  • 義 : Ⅰ名詞1 （正義） justice; righteousness 2 （情誼） human ties; relationship 3 （意義） meaning; si...
  • 務 : Ⅰ名詞1 （事情） affair; business 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 （從事; 致力） be engaged in; devote...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 規 : Ⅰ名詞1 （畫圓形的工具） instrument for drawing circles 2 （規則; 成例） rule; regulation 3 [機械...
  • 范 : 名詞1 [書面語] （模子） pattern; mould; matrix 2 （模範; 榜樣） model; example 3 （范圍） boundar...
  1. Subject title means the competence to be adscription of legal rights and responsibilities, and has shown an emphasis on the factor of reason since modern times begun. “ b rgerliches gesetzbuch ( abr. as bgb in following text ) ” created the word “ rechtsfaehigkeit ” to take the place of “ personalite ” to meet the requirement of formation. and the non - ethical rechtsfaehigkeit became then the token of civil subject in code

    本文認為，從資格角度來說，民法上的主體意味著民事權利義務的歸屬，而在這種歸屬資格的背後，近代以降的民事主體還表現出對理性因素的特別強調，這也是民事主體與僅表述適用商法來規范其行為者的「商事主體」的根本差別。
  2. This article contains three parts, five chapters. the first part introduces the incentive models of actual bonus stock synoptically, analyses the stock on hand, option shares and stock option, the three kind of important incentive models, on rights and incumbencies, value and the incentive guidance by contrast. the second part discusses the difficulties and influential factors in the design of technical bonus stock, quests for the incentive models of technical bonus stock, analyses superiority and inferior position in action, difference and interosculation between them, discusses the need and significance for the technical bonus stock reanimation in the middle - small technicalfilms. in order to make use of the technical bonus stock distribution mechanism fully, inspire the talent of technologists, encourage their devotion to films, we have some important discussion on the technical bonus stock distribution policy, introduce the distributed models of technical bonus stock, point out the questions in the excutive course, and offer the solution correspondingly. in the third part, we discuss the technical stock option design on middle - small technical films, and consider the logical thoughtfulness in the course of reanimation as follows : the more outstanding achievement for the powered man the more increase on special target the lower price on technical option premium the more profit the more effective reanimation. in the parameter, a set of detailed program is designed, which includes establishment of incentive fund, institution of merit system for the plan ' s grantors, award of stock option, determination of premium, so as to reduce random in the incentive course, have a great effect on the mormative management for the

    本文內容共分為五章三大部分，第一部分概括性地介紹了現行股權激勵方式，對現股、期股和期權這三種重要的激勵方式，從權利義務、價值和激勵導向三個方面進行了對比分析；第二部分探討了技術股權設計的難點和影響因素，討論了我國中小科技企業技術股權激勵的方式，分析它們在激勵中的優勢和不足，以及它們之間的區別與聯系，並對中小科技企業實施技術股權激勵的必要性和意義進行了探討。在文中還重點討論了中小科技企業技術股權分配的策略，介紹了技術股權紅利分配方式，指出在技術股權激勵過程中應注意的問題，並提出相應的解決辦法，目的在於充分利用技術股權分配機制，來激發技術人員潛在的創新能力，激勵他們為企業作貢獻；第三部分著重探討了中小科技企業技術股份期權的方案設計，在激勵方面，按照技術期權獲受人的業績越突出特定的指標增長越快行權價越低獲利越多激勵效果越好的邏輯思路進行考慮；在參數設計方面，對技術期權計劃中激勵基金、授予和考核、行權價格等參數進行了詳細地分析設計，旨在減少技術期權激勵過程中的隨意性，為中小科技企業的規范化管理起到一定的指導和借鑒作用。
  3. On basis of the agent status and the corporation merchant ' s characters possessed by corporate managers, several problems among the corporation self - discipline regulation, compulsory norm conformity and the manager ' s legal reputation which are under the multi legal relationships, have been discussed in this thesis, moreover the imagination of establishing corporation manager business legal system which consists of managerial commercial registration system, right and duty system, and ultra vires act effective regulation has also been presented

    基於經理的代理人身份和公司商人特性，本文對公司自治規范與強行規范整合問題、多元法律關系下經理的法律地位問題等作了探討，並提出建立以經理的商事登記制度、權利義務體系、越權效力規則等為主要內容的公司經理商事法律制度。
  4. First it gives a general economic explanation on this problem, using the basic methods such as cost - effect analysis, equilibrium analysis, the framework of the new institutional economies ; then mainly utilizing the popular games models, offers a theoretical verification to all kinds of normalizing possibilities ; finally it explores the financial reporting on the internet, and designs a structural model for the normalizing entities

    本文將在這些研究的基礎上，結合經濟學的基本分析方法（成本效益分析、均衡分析）和新制度經濟學範式，首先對規范財務報告問題給予一個一般意義上的經濟學解釋；然後著重利用已被社會學廣泛應用的博弈模型（張維迎1999 ）對財務報告的各種規范可能性給予理論上的證明；最後探討了網路財務報告問題，並提出規范主體結構模式。
  5. In order to solve these problems, we design a format of electronic official document based on xml and a style sheet based on xsl to control the display of document, then, the creation and display of document can be complete automatically in program, simplify the building and maintenance of government web sites. ( 2 ) present e - government business process definition language. this definition language is referred to wfmc ' s the workflow reference model and workflow process definition interface - xml process definition language, it also considering the actual condition of our country ' s official department

    （ 2 ）參考工作流管理聯盟wfmc所提出的《工作流參考模型》和《工作流流程定義規范- xml流程定義語言》 ，結合我國政府部門辦公的一些實際情況，設計了基於xml的電子政務業務流程定義語言，這是將工作流技術運用到電子政務中的一個創新性工作，使用該語言可以方便靈活地定義電子政務中各種復雜的業務流程，並能使用本文所設計的電子政務業務流引擎對這些業務流程進行驅動控制。
  6. As a spiritual phenomenon particularly possessed by the human kind, belief is driven by human kind ' s instinct of exceeding finity and imperfectibility, as well as pursuing infinity and immutability. belief contains very complex structure and social content. it has many forms with moral belief as an important one. moral belief refers to the strong and well - formed belief of some moral model, regulation system and moral ideal, with deep and firm passion and strong responsibility to perform one ' s obligation, moral belief is the conformity of moral understanding, moral sensibility and moral will on the base of moral practice. moral belief can maintain the authority of morality substantially, promote the consciousness of moral body, realize the moral solicitude towards self, society and nature, and create the moral custom of rational self - discipline

    信仰具有極為復雜的結構和社會內容，表現為多種形式，道德信仰是其中一種重要的形式。道德信仰是指道德主體對某一道德模式、規范體系和道德理想深刻而有根據的堅信，醇厚且執著的情感以及對履行道德義務的強烈責任感，是道德認識、道德情感和道德意志在道德實踐基礎上實現的有機統一。道德信仰能通過信仰的形上神聖性從根本上維護道德的權威，促成外在道德規范在道德主體行為中的自覺體現，實現人對自身、人對社會以及人對自然的道德關懷，營造理性自律的社會道德風尚。
  7. Because of these, our research group proposes an infrastructure for managing and controlling social behavior of agents ( imcsba ), which aims at adopting the policy - driven institution with the form of social - sector / federation as main line, and from five dimensions : explicitness of semantics for information content, systematization of mediate service for agents, rationality of negotiation process for agents, legality of behavior standard for agents, and individualization for adjusting agent service, providing agents with open, multi - dimensional, systematic, secure, and easy - to - transparently - adjust environment for social activities, in order to support the efficient development of social intelligence of agents

    為此，本課題組提出了開發管控agent社交行為的基礎結構imcsba ，旨在以社區聯邦式的政策導向型agent社會體制為主線，從五維：信息內容語義的清晰化、 agent中介服務的體系化、 agent協商過程的理性化、 agent行為規范的法制化和agent服務調控的個性化，給agent提供開放式、多方位、系統化、安全的、且易於人透明調控的社交活動環境，去支持agent社交智能的高效開發。
  8. This thesis is mainly on the civil liability for misrepresentation on the securities market and is divided into three parts. the first part of this article is focus on the definition of misrepresentation and compromises the following topics. first, this article held that misrepresentation is the behavior of unjust and improper disclosing information and stating facts, secondly, the author thought misrepresentation could be classified according to subject of misrepresentation, stage of information disclose, natures of misrepresentation and contents of misrepresentation

    從主體上來看虛假陳述的主體具有特定性，其主體主要包括發行股票或公司債券的公司、負責證券承銷事務的證券公司以及為證券發行出具文件的中介機構；從客體上說，虛假陳述違反的是證券市場信息披露制度中的義務性及禁止性規范；從客觀方面來看，虛假陳述的手段是製造假相或掩蓋真相，使投資者產生錯誤認識而進行證券交易；從主觀方面來說，虛假陳述主體主觀上須有過錯。
  9. This dissertation mainly investigates the connotation of the postal finance ’ s competitive power, the approaches to analyze and evaluate the current situation of it and the effective strategies to enhance it. based on the theories about enterprise competitive power, i take into account the internal and external conditions, advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and challenges of china ’ s, postal finance and the competitive situation with other competitors ; evaluate the competitive power of china ’ s postal finance ; establish the evaluation index system for china ’ s postal finance business through the layer analysis approach ; and elaborate the interrelationships between the resource, capacity, and environment elements of the 30 indexes

    文章緊密聯系宏觀環境下經濟發展和中國郵政金融工作實際，具有較強可操作性;理論研究具有一定的創新與前瞻性，對中國郵政金融業務的發展具有較強的指導意義;在研究方法上，堅持理論與實踐相結合，發展與現實相結合，定量與定性相結合;研究資料的選取上，以國家權威部門、權威資料為基礎，力求來源可靠、真實、客觀，在資料處理上，堅持嚴謹規范、力戒斷章取義。
  10. The table will write down all about the electronic records during their life period. the content noted in the table will be the only basis on original and reality " testing of electronic records ". the major task of the second levels is to build the tight filing rules, moreover, combined the " life cycle table ", to build the test system to assure the original and the reality of the information during filing ; the assignment of the third level is to build testing and restoring measures of the original and the reality. by maintaining the media of electronic archives or building information file of electronic archives etc, electronic archives can maintain their available ^ visuak understandable during their deadline ; meanwhile, to build the safe control of the system through the workers dispersed authorization and deterring skills, to formulate the standards of the protective system, such as the standard of the basic structure of united electronic records ^ electronic archives. all of this is important to protect the original and the reality of electronic records and electronic archives

    「生命周期表」所記錄的內容將作為電子文件歸檔時檢驗原始性、真實性的唯一依據；電子文件歸檔管理層中的主要任務是要建立起嚴密的歸檔制度，同時結合「文件生命同期表」建立檢驗措施保證電子文件在歸檔過程中信息內容的原始性、真實性；電子檔案保管層中主要任務是建立電子檔案數據原始性、真實性檢驗及原始數據恢復管理措施，通過對電子檔案載體的維護、建立電子檔案維護管理的信息文檔等工作，確保在保管期限中的電子檔案保持其可用性、可存取性、可理解性：建立電子文件與電子檔案原始性、真實性保護體系安全控制，通過對系統工作人員授權分散化、建立用戶標識與認證技術等措施確保「保護體系」安全運行；加強「保護體系」涉及的標準與規范的制定工作，如建立統一的歸檔電于文件、電子檔案基本結構等標準對保護電子文件、電子檔案信息原始性、真實性有著重要意義。
  11. Secondly, facing the inattentive and stiff circumstance of our company law to the duty of faith, we should emphasize to enhance its operability and scientific. it expresses mainly as following : to the lack of positive duty of faith of our country ' s board director, we should generalize it dearly from the point of law : " the board director should perform his duty in the range of company, the rule of it and respectation of social public interests, when his interests conflicts with company ' s, he must place company ' s first.

    其次，面對我國公司法關于董事忠實義務規定的粗疏和生硬，著重強化其操作性和科學性。具體可表現為： （一） 、針對我國董事的忠實義務缺少積極義務而言，從法律上給予明確的概括： 「董事應當在法律、公司章程和尊重社會公共利益的范圍和程度內，忠實履行職務，視公司利益為最高利益；董事在經營公司業務時，其自身利益與公司利益一旦發生沖突，董事則必須以公司的最佳利益為重，不得將自身利益置於公司利益之上」 。
  12. The difference between share right and share is that the former is a material right, while the later is a subject matter. the share right is transferable which is determined by its character about personal right, which is important to shareholders. the share right transfer is a conduct that a shareholder assigns his share right to somebody else on basis of law or article of association, and it is a significant way to implement the benefit of shareholders

    因此，本文試從股權轉讓的概念、性質、特徵入手，分析歸納股權轉讓的理論基礎與基本原則，並通過對境外相關股權轉讓的觀點及立法例進行比較分析，結合我國當前有限責任公司股權轉讓制度的具體規定，得出現有立法在規范不同意轉讓之股東購買義務、優先購買權行使主體、異議股東退股權以及基於夫妻財產分割而發生的股權轉讓等方面存在著不足，並對此提出相關改進或完善建議。
  13. The article of incorporation provided the organization and action of the corporation, and the rights and duties of the shareholders, corporation and other members, which is the law of autonomy under jus cogens

    公司章程作為公司成立的必要行為要件，規定了公司的內部組織與行為，股東、公司及其成員的權利義務，其性質屬于公司的自治法規范。
  14. The content is often showed in the form of absolute truth, which is d isadvantageous to develop the ability of moral judgment. the method of moral education mainly employs indoctrination and neglects the respect for the students " corpus and feelings, and lacks effective evaluation and instruction, which is the intrinsic cause of low result of moral education. with the development of the market economy, money worship and egoism also imperceptibly affect the teenagers, which is the outside cause of limiting the result of moral education

    重義務輕權利是當前德育內容普遍存在的現象，這恐怕也是德育效果不高的主要原因；德育方法主要以硬性灌輸為主，強調受教育者對于道德知識和規范的掌握，但卻忽視對道德教育對象主體性的尊重和道德情感的培養，缺少對于受教育者道德行為的有效評價和導引，以至使受教育者的道德認識和道德行為相脫節，這是導致道德教育實效性低下的內因。
  15. The author thinks it is of importance to make clear the legal significance of system of parental power because systematic parental power is not formed in china today. this part first summarizes the concept and legal characteristics of parental power, that is, parental power refers to a system of parent s rights and obligations of rearing, educating, protecting and supervising to minor children. parental power is right of paternity, absolute right, exclusive right, and right of control, and it has dual properties of right and obligation ; also, this section indicates that system of parental power is a component of civil law, and a legal system based on identity relationship of parents and children

    筆者首先概括了親權的概念及其法律特徵，即親權是指父母對于未成年子女之身體上和財產上的養育管教和保護管理的權利義務制度，親權是身份權、絕對權、專屬權、支配權，並具有權利義務的雙重屬性；接著指出親權制度是民法的一個組成部分，是基於父母子女的身份關系而產生的，其調整對象只限於父母與未成年子女間的親子關系，其性質為階級性、民族性、倫理性與團體性，最後明確了親權法律規范在我國法律體系中的地位。
  16. But the apartment lodgings ’ contract is different from other lodgings ’ contracts, for example, the apartment lodgings ’ contract has the characteristics of subordinating nature, serving nature, the status nature, the long - term nature and so on. therefore it is necessary to cause apartment lodgings ’ contract to be famous and the standardized in the legislation in our country, and it is necessary to carry on the special rules and regulations on the apartment lodgings ’ contract form, the right and duty, fulfill and so on. considering the apartment lodgings ’ contract ’ characteristics of long - term, the right duty complexity, the influence significance to the litigant ’ benefit, the apartment lodgings ’ contract should use the written form, at the same time the country should carry on the essential intervention and the instruction to the apartment lodging ’ contract to protect the litigant ’ s just rights

    但是公寓住宿合同又有不同於其他住宿合同的特徵，如公寓住宿合同具有從屬性、身份性、長期性、服務性等，因此有必要在立法上使我國公寓住宿合同有名化和規范化，有必要對公寓住宿合同的形式、權利義務、履行等進行特別規制，考慮到公寓住宿合同的長期性、權利義務的復雜性、對當事人利益影響的重大性，公寓住宿合同應採用書面形式，同時國家對公寓住宿合同應進行必要的干預和指導，以保護當事人正當權益。
  17. Part ii, the source of the active obligation first of all, this section introduces the source of essence doctrine and formal doctrine in the sino - foreign criminal law theon " about the active obligation. based on the shape analyses of these formal and essence source, the source of the active obligation that the writer thinks ought to be the union of the formal and essence source, that is, on the one hand through probing into the norm kev element by form, the author thinks that the formal key element of the formal source is the following four sources : the statue source code is regulated demand in duties either the professional work the action before and the legal action. on the other hand, through the essence, the author probes the reasons of source and thinks that the essence key element is the doer " s exclusively controlling the legal right and interest confronted with pressing peril and depended on his action

    第二部分作為義務的發生根據首先，本部分介紹了中外刑法理論中關于作為義務的形式來源學說和實質來源學說。在分析了形式來源和實質來源的基礎上，筆者認為不作為犯罪作為義務的來源應當是形式來源和實質來源的統一，即：一方面從形式上探討其規范的要素，認為不作為犯的作為義務來源的形式要素即我國刑法理論關于作為義務來源的四來源說：法律明文規定、職務或業務上的要求、先行行為及法律行為四種；另一方面從實質上探討其存在根據，認為作為義務來源的實質要素是指行為人對處于緊急危險狀態的法益的危險程度加劇或危險向危害結果的現實性轉化具有排他性支配。
  18. Among them the argued more is how to maintain that the administrative subject has the obligation of administrative conduct, that, how the obligation arises. the writer thinks that the obligations of administrative conduct are provided by legal norms, norms of administrative document and legal doctrine and public moral

    筆者認為認定行政主體的行政作為義務的方法有：依法律規范與行政規范性文件設定的行政作為義務、依法理或公序良俗導出行政作為義務。
  19. This class implements the validity constraints defined in the world wide web consortium extensible markup language 1. 0 recommendation for document type definitions dtds, the microsoft xml core services msxml schema specification for xml - data reduced schemas, and the w3c xml schema recommendation for xml schema definition language schemas

    該類實現萬維網聯合會（ w3c ）可擴展標記語言（ xml ） 1 . 0建議中為文檔類型定義（ dtd ）所定義的有效性約束，實現microsoft xml核心服務（ msxml ）架構規范中為xml數據縮減（ xdr ）架構所定義的有效性約束，並實現w3c xml架構建議中為xml架構定義語言（ xsd ）架構所定義的有效性約束。
  20. To standardize thi s means of psc inspection and to increase its vitality and to fulfill the purpose of protecting the life at sea & preventing the sea pollution and also to pursue the value of the relative laws of the port state and the international conventions, the thesis made the following research and study : the stardy on the conventions and resolutions of the international maritime organizations, and choosing the relative clauses and content from the convention which is related to the port state control ; summing up the laws and the procedures on which the port state control was based ; conparison on the application and the limitations of the conwentions in deferent port state ; analysis on the technical specifications of the psc inspection ; discussion on the questions met carrying out the psc inspection ; the duties and the rights of the relative parties under the present psc legal systerm ; discussion on the urgency and necessity of the legislation

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