聯立不等式 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [liánlìbùděngshì]
聯立不等式 英文
simultaneous inequalities
  • 聯 : Ⅰ動詞（聯結; 聯合） unite; join Ⅱ名詞（對聯） antithetical couplet
  • 立 : 動1 （站） stand; remain in an erect position 2 （使豎立; 使物件的上端向上） erect; stand; set up...
  • 不 : 名詞[書面語] （剁物所用的木墩） a block of wood
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 式 : 名詞1 （樣式） type; style 2 （格式） pattern; form 3 （儀式; 典禮） ceremony; ritual 4 （自然科...
  • 等式 : [數學] equation; equality等式約束 equality constraint; 等式組 equality system
  1. In part 3, it tends to establish the theory framework analyzing the management model of organizational behavior of enterprise. after pointing out the disadvantages of autocratic model, custodial model, supportive model and collegial model, it puts forward the idea of co - development model of organizational behavior management. furthermore, it discusses the practical method of individual development, rewarding employee and authorization

    在第三部分，本文嘗試建立企業組織行為管理模式分析的理論框架，在指出專制模式、監護模式、支持模式和聯盟模式的成功與不足的前提下，提出了「共同發展模式」的組織行為管理新思路，進而提出了包括員工個人發展、激勵、授權等具體操作措施。
  2. Correct measures are essential to carry out the peoples equality and development policy and pertinent religion policy in the multi - nation - state ; to form a correct concept of people and to publicize correct ethos by combining nationalism with patriotism ; to prevent and expose the western countries " factionalism on the peoples issues to the multi - nation - state ; to set down the active and effective measures aimed at the terrorist character of the peoples separatist forces. due to the pervading existence of the peoples separatist forces in the world, different countries need to reach the common conclusion to strike the peoples separatist forces ; to cut the capital resources of the peoples separatist forces and terrorist activities, to root out the basement of them, with the lead of un, strike the international support to them ; besides, different countries should strengthen nation security protection, form a new concept of national security, get international and organizing cooperation and get rid of every form of hegemony and power politics

    在民族國家內部應正確實施民族平等團結、各民族共同發展的民族政策及相關的宗教政策；樹立正確的民族觀，把民族主義與愛國主義相結合，進行正確的民族主義思想理論宣傳；防止和揭露西方國家對其他多民族國家實行的民族分裂政策；針對民族分離主義恐怖主義活動的特點，制定出積極、有效的防範措施。由於民族分離主義勢力在世界范圍內具有普遍性，因此，各國應求同存異，尋求打擊民族分離主義及恐怖主義活動的國際共識；切斷民族分離主義分子進行民族分離活動和恐怖活動的資金來源，鏟除國際民族分離主義活動的基地，並充分發揮聯合國主導作用，打擊國際不法組織和個別國家對恐怖活動的支持；此外，各國還應共同加強國家安全工作，樹立新的國家安全觀，進行有組織的國際安全合作，戒除一切形式的霸權主義、強權政治。
  3. Nacpro apparel pattern making system has great progress in the intellectualized and humanized operation. original database management mode, intellectualized automatic pattern - making, auto - grading and customized system, entirely opening unlimited basic block library, linkage operation of pattern modifying, substantial mark lib and line lib in the system or setting, point parallel line - cutting grading and 3d re - grading or more - times grading, marker making for traditional textile irregular textile knitted textile, etc., auto - matching plaid marker making, beds marker making and double - deck bed marker making, automatic marker making which can be modified by hands any time. we do everything to help the users operating conveniently, quickly and economically

    隨著計算機技術不斷發展，在我公司全體員工的努力下， nacpro服裝制板排板系統在智能化操作和人性化操作方面的綜合能力大大提高，新穎的數據庫管理模式智能化的自動打板自動放碼及度身定做全開放式的無限量原型板庫打樣后修改紙樣的關聯聯動操作大量系統和自定義的記號庫及線型庫碼點平行線-切開線多種放碼方式相結合併可進行二次多次立體放碼傳統面料不規則面料針織面料等不同面料的排料方式自動對格排料分床及高低床排料自動排料並可隨時與手動相結合的人工可干預智能排料我們所做的一切，都是為了讓用戶操作得更加方便快捷節約時間節約面料，我們可以肯定地說， nacpro將以其嶄新的面貌，無愧成為當今同行業的勝出者。
  4. The third chaptcr probes into the actuality of higher education on the realization of pluraiistic on school - run - body. according to the combination of tbe school - run - body, thi8 dissertation divides the concretc content into eight modeis. these modcis are owned - and - run by the locai people, run by the iocal people and subsidizcd by the state, associatc to run a school betwecn public schools and non - govcrnmcnt schools, run a school by stock system, run by government and subsidised by local people, transfer mcchanism in public univcrsity and college, thc second privatc college in the state - run nnivcrsity, sino - foreign joint schools

    通過比較研究，得出了實行辦學主體多元化，是當前我國高等教育發展道路的必然選擇的結論，第三章分析了我國高等教育辦學主體多元化的現狀，按照辦學主體的不同，把辦學主體多元化的具體內容概括為以下幾種主要模式：民有民辦、民辦公助、公辦民助、公立高校轉制、國有民辦二級學院、公民聯辦、股份合作制辦學、中外合作辦學等八種類型。
  5. This is the second bifurcation of the rotor, leading to low frequency movement at about 1 / 6 rotary speed. ( 3 ) in the third part of the paper, we focus on how to establish a rotor model with multi. span and multi. disk including main linear and nonlinear stimulations on the rotors system. the rules for establishing this kind of rotors model are put forward at the beginning of this part

    （ 3 ）提出了轉子大系統的理論建模準則，考慮非線性油膜力、聯軸節剛度及標高等因素的影響，建立了一個16dof兩跨四盤四支撐不平衡彈性轉子模型，並提出了大型汽輪發電機組全軸系的48dof理論模型，建立了考慮陀螺效應時的復數形式的非線性動力學模型。
  6. Part two introduces the legislation of finance in foreign countries. due to the lack of resource of the legislation of finance in china, the present research mainly introduces the reasons for the legislation of finance in foreign countries and the different models adopted - classified finance and multi - level finance, the division between central finance and the federal finance

    就財政體制立法而言，我們基本上沒有本土資源可以利用，論文闡述了國外財政體制立法淵源，以及各國立法所體現出的默溢財政體制模式，提出分級財政與多級財政，集權制財政與聯邦財政，稅收分割的不同方式等進行了分析概括。
  7. Adopting the actual county - grade database of land use firstly founded in china, combining with the comprehensive influential factors of land use change, using the correlative statistic software and the mathematic analytical methods ( principal component analysis, gray relating analysis, multivariate time series markov chain analysis, multivariate regression analysis, gm ( 1, 1 ) gray model, gray series gm ( 1, n ) model methods etc ), this paper analyses the dynamic change of land use and driving force in jiang ' an county qualitatively and quantitatively. the results indicate : 1 the land resource per capita and the area of single - land - use type in jiang ' an county are not prior to other places in yibing city or sichuan province. however, the terrain is dominant in choosing the way of land use

    本文採用全國首批建立的「縣級土地利用現狀數據庫」的基礎數據，結合影響土地利用變化的經濟、社會、環境等綜合因素，採用相關分析軟體（ dps 、 spss ）和數學分析方法（主成分分析、灰色關聯度分析、多元回歸分析、多元時空序列馬爾柯夫鏈分析、 gm （ 1 ， 1 ）預測模型分析、灰色序列gm （ 1 ， n ）模型分析等方法） ，對江安縣土地利用變化及其驅動力進行定性、定量研究，研究結果表明： 1江安縣人均總的土地資源數量和單一土地利用類型的數量在宜賓或四川省區域內均無優勢；地形對土地利用方式的選擇起著主導作用；土地利用變化的總趨勢是：耕地、林地、交通用地和水域面積不斷減少，居民點及工礦用地和未利用地面積不斷增加；景觀多樣性指數呈現「 」趨勢。
  8. The whole dissertation can be divided into 9 chapters, which are mainly engaged on the comparative theories of the common balance and the partial balance, and the methodology of the demonstration and criterion economics to do the analysis and res earch on the purpose of making relatively thorough and deep assessment on the policy - making and related improvement suggestions on such areas as the implement performance of the agriculture policies, the requirement structure of agriculture, the structure of employment, the basic elements and arrangement of agriculture production, the sustainable development of agriculture and the agriculture internationalization etc. the basic innovative points of the dissertation are as follows : ( 1 ) to establish a systematic framework for the research on the policies of agriculture industry and the structure of agriculture industry ; the framework for grand agriculture industry structure ; the framework of subject relationship in the agriculture socialized service system ; the circulation framework of sustainable development for agriculture ; the model framework for corporation development for agriculture institution ; ( 2 ) to expand the external scope of the concept of agriculture ; ( 3 ) to put forward the ideas of the corporation orientation by restructuring and innovating the present agriculture operational institution ; ( 4 ) to raise the viewpoints to set up the quality standard system for agriculture produce and to initiate the same system of the internal and external trade ; ( 5 ) to offer the suggestions on guiding the development of the township and private enterprises through the industry policies ; ( 6 ) to raise the innovative viewpoint by way of the systematic analysis on agriculture and the employment structure of the countryside, the district arrangement, technological innovation and the marketing system of agriculture produce ; ( 7 ) to put forward the comprehensive thinking way to broaden the logistics services for agriculture produce ; ( 8 ) to raise the new idea of the agriculture supporting system and the policy suggestions on expanding the areas for the government to support agriculture industry, reorganization of agriculture insurance system and aid to the weak masses of the countryside

    本課題是在國家農業產業政策不斷完善和產業經濟學科科學發展的背景下，從農業產業政策的實踐出發，從大農業產業結構、組織、技術、資金、勞動力、土地等資源配置以及區域布局、國內外關聯等角度，以農業產業政策與農業發展的互動關系為切入點，提出了農業產業政策調整取向，初步形成和發展了政策理論。全文共分9章，主要運用一般均衡和局部均衡比較等理論，實證、規范經濟學研究等方法進行探討，對農業產業政策實施績效、農村需求結構、就業結構、農業生產要素和布局、農業可持續發展、農業國際化等命題以及對策建議作了比較全面深入的評析。本課題研究主要有以下創新觀點：初步搭建了農業產業政策和結構理論框架，設計了政策和結構體系圖；延伸了「農業」概念外延，提出了「大農業」的構想；提出了農業產業經營組織再造和創新的公司化發展方向，設置了農業產業化、公司化發展模式圖和產業化公司模型圖；設計了農業可持續發展良性循環圖和農業資金投入效益模型圖；提出了建立農產品質量標準體系、推行內外貿一體制的觀點；建立了農業保障體系參照圖，建議通過產業政策引導鄉鎮、私營企業和「三資」企業發展；剖析農村勞動力就業結構、區域布局、科技創新、農產品市場體系；提出了加大農產品物流配送的整體思路；提出了農業支撐體系新觀念及擴大政府支農范圍、重構農業保險體系、扶持弱勢群體的政策建議。
  9. Engineering drawing has always been labeled as a practical subject. a combination of geometrical, building. mechanical and electrical drawing, it relates between theory and the picture of reality. engineering drawing will provide an accurate and complete ptcture for every object tn terms of shapes and sizes. usually, it is taught using the face - to - face teaching mode even in an odl environment. due to its nature, some students may find difficulty in imagining and interpreting the drawings. however, the availability of sophisticated technology provides the opportunity for the learning of engineering drawing to be enhanced via online. a web - based system for teaching and learning engineering drawing was developed based on a constructivism model. the web - based system is tailored for several topics of engineering drawing such as orthographic projection, sectional view, isometric and oblique drawing at the secondary level. the learning strategy consists of multiple phases beginning with introduction, concept learning, engineering drawing method, application and exercises. during introduction, students will be exposed to an overview of the topic followed by learning of specific concepts. the system provides a learning environment that allows engineering students to view objects from different angles, such as third angle projection and first angle projection as well as views of plans, side and front elevations. after learning about the concepts, students wilt be guided through the various steps in drawing methods for each topic via animations and simulations. learners are able to view any section repeatedly. examples of real application of engineering drawings were also given using graphic, animations and video. to evaluate students understanding, exercises were given at the end of each session

    工程制圖一直被認為是一門實踐性學科，其整合了幾何學、建築、力學、電子制圖等，從而將理論與現實圖像聯系起來，工程制圖能為每個不同形狀、尺寸的物體提供精確的、完整的圖像.通常，即使在開放與遠程教育環境中，工程制圖的教學也是通過面對面的教學模式來進行的.由於其特殊性，一些學習者可能難以想象並解釋這些圖像.然而，尖端的技術使得可以通過在線的方式加強工程制圖的學習.研究者基於建構主義模式開發了一個面向工程制圖教學和學習的網路系統.該系統適用於幾種工程制圖，例如展開圖、刻面圖、等角圖和斜角圖.學習過程包括導論、概念學習、工程制圖方法，以及應用與練習等階段.在導論階段，系統為學習者提供了專題簡介，然後是概念學習階段.系統所提供的學習環境允許工程專業的學生從三維透視、一維透視、平面圖、側立面、正立面等不同角度來觀察物體.經過概念學習階段后，系統將引導學生通過動畫和模擬學習每個專題中制圖方法的不同步驟，學習者也能重復觀察任何剖面.另外，還通過圖像、動畫和視頻等方式展示真實的工程制圖應用案例.最後，為了評價學生的理解能力，在每部分內容後面都附有相關的練習
  10. The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level

    文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。
  11. The research and developing of gps / gsm vehicles watch and control system based on analyzing gps positioning technology is discussed in this article. this system is a public security prevention and far distance watching control telecommunication management which has adopt the advanced system in the world including gps / gsm, gis and internet. through this system, all the movable objectives covered by gsm net can be kept being watched and controlled from far distance. the gps data of the movable objectives and different kinds of alarm data will be sent back to the service center through gsm or cable. then the center may send the information of movable objectives " gps data and help alarms that have been already classified and identified to the different departments to deal with linking the consumers through ddn, isdn, pstnand adsl. the advantages of this system is that it adopts mature gps technology and combines the movable telecommunication net - gsm provided by china telecommunicate trades throughout the nation and it can get voice information everywhere. by utilizing internet, vbandsql server computer technology, watch and control center and far distance terminals can aim at how to increase vehicles operating efficiency, decrease wear, promote service quality and build a concentrated system of watch and control, deploy and cammand, scientific management, coordinate and process, and safety in the professions relevant with transfortation of the city

    移動目標的gps數據及各類報警數據通過gsm網路及電信有線網路傳回監控服務中心。該中心可通過ddn 、 isdn 、 pstn或adsl等方式與用戶相聯，將移動目標的gps定位信息，求救信息，報警等信息進行分類確認后，實時傳送到相應的職能部門進行處理。本系統的優點在於利用了成熟的gps全球衛星定位技術，並結合了我國電信行業在全國所開通的gsm移動通訊網路，在話音上實現了全國漫遊等特點，在監控中心和遠程用戶終端利用網際網路技術、 vb數據庫管理系統、 sqlserver分散式數據庫管理系統等計算機技術，可針對城市中與交通有關的各行各業如何提高車輛使用效率，降低損耗，提高服務質量，建立集監控、調度指揮、科學管理、協調運營、安全防範為一體的指揮控制體系，發揮其不可替代的作用。
  12. Based on the analysis of situations of china, although a lot of high science & technology productions of agricultural university and colleges have been developed, information resources are scatted, and extension ways are insufficient too. the cooperation among universities and colleges is not enough. combining with the process and agricultural science & technology information system development and construction in china, a strategy of the network - information - based means in the form of " university ' s alliance " and in the model of distributed to integrated the resource of agricultural education of science and technology are put forward, i. e. to set up " an alliance of university agricultural science & technology and education network " information platform

    本文從我國的國情出發，全面分析了我國高等農業院校科技成果很多，但是資源分散，沒有形成合力，推廣力量薄弱、手段不足，高校之間缺乏緊密溝通與合作的現狀和問題，結合我國農業科技信息系統發展建設歷程和現狀，提出了運用網路信息化手段以「高校聯盟」的形式和分散式的方法集成高校農業科技教育資源的對策，即建立「高校農業科技與教育網路聯盟」信息平臺，並通過系統分析、系統設計和系統實現的研究和工作，初步構建實現了分散式高校農業科技資源集成系統。
  13. But in more situations the random variables generating counting processes may not independent identically distributed, and in all kinds of dependent relations, negative association ( na ) and positive association ( pa ) are commonly seen. the research and apply in this aspect are rather valuable. in chap 2 we prove wald inequalities and fundamental renewal theorems of renewal counting processes generated by na sequences and pa sequences ; in chap 3 we are enlightened by cheng and wang [ 8 ], extend some results in gut and steinebach [ 7 ], obtain the precise asymptotics for renewal counting processes and depict the convergence rate and limit value of renewal counting processes precisely ; at last, in the study of na sequences, su, zhao and wang ( 1996 ) [ 9 ], lin ( 1997 ) [ 10 ] have proved the weak convergence for partial sums of stong stationary na sequences. however product sums are the generalization of partial sums and also the special condition of more general u - statistic

    但在更多的場合中，構成計數過程的隨機變量未必相互獨立，而在各種相依關系中，負相協（ na ）和正相協（ pa ）是頗為常見的關系，這方面的研究和應用也是頗有價值的，本文的第二章證明了na列和pa列構成的更新計數過程的wald不等式和基本更新定理的一些初步結果；本文的第三章則是受到cheng和wang [ 8 ]的啟發，推廣了gut和steinebach [ 7 ] ）中的一些結論，從而得到了更新計數過程在一般吸引場下的精緻漸近性，對更新計數過程的收斂速度及極限狀態進行精緻的刻畫；最後，在有關na列的研究中，蘇淳，趙林成和王岳寶（ 1996 ） 》 [ 9 ] ，林正炎（ 1997 ） [ 10 ]已經證明了強平穩na列的部分和過程的弱收斂性，而乘積和是部分和的一般化，也是更一般的u統計量的特況，它與部分和有許多密切的聯系又有一些實質性的區別，因此，本文的第四章就將討論強平穩na列的乘積和過程的弱收斂性，因為計數過程也是一種部分和，也可以構成乘積和，這個結果為研究計數過程的弱收斂性作了一些準備。
  14. Make the investment and appraise the system, sets up bot way and analyses some extant questions and deficiencies in domestic and international current situation, and put forward the solution. sets up including making the investment and appraising the mechanism, operating mechanism, encouraging a whole set of feasible operating mechanism, competition mechanism and risk mechanism, etc.

    建立bot方式的後勤投資評價體系，結合後勤社會化改革的國內外現狀分析現存的一些問題和不足，並提出解決方案，建立起包括投資評價機制、經營機制、激勵與約束機制、競爭機制、降低風險機制以及法律保障機制等的一整套相互聯系、相互促進的運行機制。
  15. In the subsystem of casting quality data management and analysis, there are the listed menu, various tool bars and the united help, the system which established the classified control database of the nine kinds of the casting quality data, is quick and correct to add, query, edit and delete data. used the graph tools such as the column graph, it can display audio - visually the results of the data ' s classification and analysis. it can produce quickly and easily the various kinds of reports

    鑄件質量數據分析與預測子系統採用visualfoxpro6 . 0軟體開發，系統採用了下拉式菜單和靈活多變的工具條，以及聯機幫助；建立了九類鑄件質量數據分類管理的數據庫，能快速、準確地進行添加、查詢、修改和刪除數據；利用柱形圖等圖形工具直觀地顯示數據統計分析的結果；還能夠快速、方便地生成各類不同格式的報表。
  16. All kinds of social power which correlated with creative activity, such as government 、 higher education 、 civil organization 、 bank 、 broker company 、 investment company 、 social community and users which undertake the risk of technology innovation in the program of technology innovation and different stages of technology respectively ; vertical social transferred proportion mechanism is on the basis of time, according to the procedure of the social transference of the risk, it can transfer the decision risk, technology risk, manufacture risk and market risk of the technology innovation to the society gradually, and proportion the risk among the interrelated social power

    橫向社會聯合分攤機制立足於空間的維度，各種涉及技術創新活動的社會力量，包括政府、高校、民間組織、銀行、中介機構、投資公司、社區組織、用戶等分別在技術創新項目和技術創新的不同環節上，承擔技術創新的風險;縱向社會轉移分攤機制立足於時間維度，按照風險的社會轉移程序將技術創新的決策風險、技術風險、生產風險和市場風險，逐漸向社會轉移，在相關社會力量中進行分攤。在技術創新社會行動中，形成許多技術創新風險社會分攤的方式。
  17. Firstly, based on the utilization of the first and second law of thermodynamics, the ideal combined camot cycle model is set up. secondly, aimed at the insufficient of the classical thermodynamics analysis method, the popular method - - finite time thermodynamics analysis is applied to set up the model of endo - reversible combined carnot cycle. finally, the optimization relationships between the specific heating load ( shl ) and operating parameters and between shl and cop are conducted according to the characteristics of the function and investment of aht

    在首先利用熱力學第一、二定律分析方法的基礎上，建立了吸收式熱變換器的理想聯合卡諾循環模型，然後針對經典熱力學分析方法的不足，利用了當前很流行的有限時間熱力學分析手段，建立了aht系統內可逆聯合卡諾模型，根據熱變換器的功能、投資等方面的特點，導出了吸收式熱變換器比供熱率與操作參數、比供熱率與熱力學性能系數的優化體系。
  18. 9 - pin citizen dot matix printer head and can contact to rs232 or printer interface. . . - can output 24v and direct to open cash drawer for printing speed have 3 lines sec. . . - built - in 13951 chinese words, can use for sales, oil station, restaurent. . .

    內建13951個中文字，完全與epson hpc tp3688 .等發票機指令相容，完全不用更改程式，適用於零售業加油站餐飲店任何需要開立二聯式發票之地方
  19. The third chapter first describes the operating mechanism of private funds, then focuses on practical methods to control the risks involved. comparatively speaking, china ' s private funds do n ' t have as many investment tools as their foreign counterparts and they mainly operate in the secondary stock market. as a result, the risks private funds confront are tremendous : private funds in china have no legal status, which indicates that the fund contract ca n ' t get proper legal protection ; the stock market has been far from perfect so that private funds have inadequate instruments to avoid risks ; the listed companies participating in private funds are vulnerable to risks ; private funds investors also confront the risks of unexpected policy change

    我國的私募基金與國外相比，運作方式較為單一，主要在二級市場操作，大部分依靠作大成交量，獲取券商返還傭金來獲取收益，以跟莊、鎖倉、聯合坐莊為主要投資策略，以中線持股、波段炒作為主要戰術，這就決定了我國私募基金面臨著巨大的風險：我國私募基金沒有合法地位，基金契約合同不受法律保護；證券市場品種單一，沒有避空機制，期權、期貨等金融衍生工具甚至根本不存在；上市公司參與私募基金引致巨大風險；由於目前國家對私募基金的立法沒有正式出臺，投資者還面臨著政策調整的風險。
  20. By studying how international capital flow realizes the division of labor for international industries and the restructuring of global industries ， it analyzes the causes and characteristics of transnational capital flow ， states the positive results and inspecting methods of international capital flow and industrial connections ， makes the theoretical research on the improvement of industrial factors ， the upgrading of industrial structure and the internationalization of industrial development ， and hence establishes the overall relationship between international capital flow and industrial progress. chapter four analyzes such factors as capital ， technology and innovation affected by international capital flow ， in particular how the improvement of the three factors influences industrial competitive power and advantages. by comparing the risks and the benefits of the disposition of global factors on the different methods of international capital flow ， we come to the conclusion that the industrial competitive advantages in the future depends on capital ， technology and management rather than on non - natural factors

    從國際資本流動實現國際產業分工和全球產業結構調整的途徑入手，分析資本跨國界運動的產業動因及其特徵，闡述國際資本流動與產業關聯的實證成果及檢驗方法，並運用宏觀、微觀和中觀的分析方法，對產業要素優化、產業結構升級以及產業發展國際化的問題進行理論上的分析和研究，從而確立國際資本流動對產業演進的總體關系；第四部分著重就國際資本流動對產業演進的資本要素、技術與創新要素和管理要素進行深入分析，主要分析上述三要素的優化過程對產業競爭力以及產業優勢變化所產生的重要影響，從要素全球配置的層面上對國際資本流動不同方式的風險和效益進行比較，得出未來的產業競爭優勢取決于資本、技術和管理等要素，而非自然稟賦要素的結論。
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