能量不變式 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [néngliángbùbiànshì]
能量不變式
英文
energy invariant-
Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet - parameter on evaporator. fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio - parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping
本文的主要內容如下： 1 ）對翅片管蒸發器結構特點進行分析，選取適當的微元控制體，就干、濕和霜工況下對每個微元分別進行傳熱傳質分析，基於經驗關系式確定霜的有關參數，對于霜工況下的霜生長建立模型，經適當假設，運用質量守恆、能量守恆和動量守恆方程建立適合動態模擬的蒸發器數學模型，為系統模擬奠定基礎； 2 ）對蒸發在大擾動下的開、停機過程，運用動態集中參數模型進行分析和計算，為更好地描述製冷系統運行的全過程奠定基礎，同時也為製冷系統實現自動控制提供一定的理論基礎； 3 ）對蒸發器正常運行過程，運用動態分佈參數和參數間定量耦合的觀點來分析和計算，為更好地了解穩態工況下各點參數的變化情況及各入口參數對蒸發器動態特性的影響即蒸發器性能對各參數變化的敏感性； 4 ）編寫翅片管蒸發器動態特性模擬計算程序，可以計算不同邊界條件和初始條件下的製冷劑熱力參數、空氣溫濕度和霜厚度分佈場，實現對翅片管蒸發器在干、濕和霜工況下的動態模擬。A one - dimensional oceanic mixed layer model with the m - y level - 2. 5 turbulence closure schemes is employed. the rate of energy loss by breaking waves is estimated by parameterization and incorporated into the model as a source of turbulence kinetic energy ( tke ) by modifying the existing surface boundary condition of tke equation. the velocity field and turbulence energy budget are calculated under different forcing conditions ( the results given below are for a wind speed of 20 m / s. )
採用一維2 . 5階湍封閉混合層模式，根據參數化方法對波浪破碎導致的能量耗散率進行了估計，通過改變湍動能方程的上邊界條件引入波浪破碎對湍動能生成的影響，計算了不同風應力強迫下的混合層流場結構和湍能量收支（下述給出的結果是取風速為20m s得到的） 。But as a kind of mature management system, it has n ' t been applied successfully in most of chinese companies. the reasons of that include misunderstanding of science property of overall budget management 、 unfit budget management organization 、 lack of scientific management methods, and another important reason is that most of companies use the traditional building method of budget management system. the traditional building method based on the company ' s existing department functions, keeping the existing management process and work process fixedness, and expressing the department ' s work plan in quantity or currency form as their budget
然而全面預算管理作為一項比較成熟的管理體系，在我國大部分企業卻並沒有得到很好的實施，這其中固然有對全面預算管理科學性認識不足、預算編制工作的組織不到位、缺乏科學的預算管理手段和控制手段等原因外，另一個重要原因是大部分企業在構建全面預算管理體系時使用的是傳統的構建方法，即基於企業現有的部門職能劃分而進行的，在保持作業流程和管理流程不變的情況下，將部門工作計劃以貨幣或數量的方式表示出來，即成為公司預算。Iolite was the world s first polarizing filter, used to determine the exact position of the sun and navigate safely to the new world and back. the name iolite comes from the greek ios, which means violet. when cut properly, iolite is a stunning purplish blue color with a beautiful and attractive softness
堇青石的顏色很像緬甸所產出的藍寶石且又因為它常含有水，所以又稱之為水藍寶石，更因為它具有藍寶石的顏色及光澤且價格又比藍寶石便宜很多，因此更被戲稱為窮人家的藍寶石，堇青石的能量是相當穩定的且不能以加熱的方式來改變它的顏色是一種貨真價實的寶石。By calculating large quantity of examples, this text studies earthquake resistant behavior of tapered portal frame with pined bases and analyzes its natural frequency, natural period of vibration and vibration mode. by comparing interior forces of pillar top, beam end and span midpoint in two conditions that seismic action effect participates combination of forces and not when portal frame is n ' t changed, ensure conditions that combination of seismic action effect has controlling f unction during tapered portal frame design, and tapered portal frame demands anti - earthquake design
本文通過大量算例分析，研究柱腳鉸接楔形變截面門式剛架的抗震性能，並對其自振頻率、振型進行了分析；通過比較地震作用效應參與荷載組合與不參與荷載組合兩種情況下，樑柱截面尺寸不變時，柱上端、梁端、跨中截面處的內力大小，確定在什麼情況下地震作用效應組合起控製作用，變截面門式剛架需要進行抗震設計。Compared with the classical bp algorithm, robust adaptive bp algorithm possesses some advantages as following : ( 1 ) increasing the accuracy of the network training by means of using both the relative and absolute residual to adjust the weight values ; ( 2 ) improve the robustness and the network convergence rate through combining with the robust statistic technique by way of judging the values of the samples " relative residual to establish the energy function so that can suppress the effect on network training because of the samples with high noise disturbances ; ( 3 ) prevent entrapping into the local minima area and obtain the global optimal result owing to setting the learning rate to be the function of the errors and the error gradients when network is trained. the learning rate of the weights update change with the error values of the network adaptively so that can easily get rid of the disadvantage of the classical bp algorithm that is liable to entrap into the local minima areas
與基本bp演算法相比，本文提出的魯棒自適應bp演算法具有以下優點： （ 1 ）與魯棒統計技術相結合，通過訓練樣本相對偏差的大小，確定不同訓練樣本對能量函數的貢獻，來抑制含高噪聲干擾樣本對網路訓練的不良影響，從而增強訓練的魯棒性，提高網路訓練的收斂速度； （ 2 ）採用相對偏差和絕對偏差兩種偏差形式對權值進行調整，提高了網路的訓練精度； （ 3 ）在採用梯度下降演算法對權值進行調整的基礎上，通過將學習速率設為訓練誤差及誤差梯度的特殊函數，使學習速率依賴于網路訓練時誤差瞬時的變化而自適應的改變，從而可以克服基本bp演算法容易陷入局部極小區域的弊端，使訓練過程能夠很快的「跳出」局部極小區域而達到全局最優。The temperature dependences on the resistance in all the thin films show that in the low temperature range the width of eg band level changes the transports, but in the high temperature range the thin films forms the small polarons hopping conductivity. the phase transition induced by the current is explained by the demagnetization and lattice distortion
在高溫部分，材料呈現小極化子跳躍形式輸運特徵；實驗研究了不同偏置電流對薄膜的相變影響，表明電場可以引起材料中磁性的變化和晶格畸變，導致相變溫度點向低溫方向移動；材料的光致相變研究表明光子能量、光強和極化方向對輸運性質有影響。The incredible energy that you, our supporters, have shown over the past five days has changed the way i ' ll look at campaigning forever
你們? ?我們的支持者，在過去的五天中展示出不可思議的能量，永遠改變了我看待競選的方式。The soi is of crystal quality and the box is uniform in thickness, with the interfaces of si / sioa / si smooth and sharp. we have systematically studied the dependence of the formed soi structure on the process parameters, such as ion energy, implantation dosage, substrate temperature, as well as the annealing temperature. with xtem, sims, srp, rbs, ir, raman, aes, xps and other characterization tools, it was found that a dose window at fixed energy for water plasma ion implantation to form high quality soi structure similar to the conventional simox process exists
本論文還系統地研究了不同注入劑量、注入能量、注入時基底溫度以及退火溫度對所形成soi結構性能的影響，藉助xtem 、 sims 、 srp 、 rbs 、 ie 、 raman 、 aes 、 xps等測試分析手段，我們發現，與傳統注氧隔離（ simox ）技術類似，存在著「劑量窗口」形成優質的soi材料，但在水等離子體離子注入方式中soi材料結構質量對劑量變化更為敏感，隨著注入劑量的增大， soi材料的埋層厚度增大而表層硅厚度減小。Shapes of pulse envelope are found to have some effect on the degree of phase influences. dependence of single - cycle pulse ( scp ) energy on the carrier phase has been studied for gaussian, lorentzian, hyperbolic secant and sine shapes respectively, which shows that these energies can be expressed in the same form. phase effect on pulse with gaussian envelope is the first to show, then are hyperbolic secant and lorentzian pulses, and sine the last
包絡對載波相位的作用范圍也是有一定影響的，我們對高斯、洛侖茲、雙曲正割和sinc四種不同包絡的脈沖，研究了單周期脈沖能量隨載波相位的變化規律，發現以上四種脈沖的歸一化能量均可在形式上用同一表達式表示，並發現對于這四種不同包絡的脈沖，高斯脈沖相位的作用最早體現出來，然後是雙曲正割和洛侖茲脈沖， sinc脈沖最遲。Through analyzing the effect of temperature and nitrogen on crude oil viscosity the influences of different nitrogen injection volume and injection modes on steam displacement are contrasted, the mechanism of nitrogen - assisted steam stimulation is clarified, which includes : heat carrying capacity is raised, the saturation of remaining oil is reduced after nitrogen - assisted injection is made ; crude oil flow is enhanced because of nitrogen compression and dispersion and the change of oil flow shape ; water back - production rate is improved by expanding the steam sweep volume and compensating in - situ energy ; steam distillation effect is enhanced
通過分析溫度、氮氣對原油粘度的影響，對比不同注氮量、不同注入方式等對蒸汽驅油效果的影響，弄清了氮氣輔助蒸汽增產的機理主要表現在：氮氣輔助后增加攜熱能力，降低殘余油飽和度，氮氣的壓縮膨脹作用分散和改變了原油流動形態，增強了原油流動性；擴大蒸汽的波及體積，補充地層能量，提高回採水率，強化蒸汽蒸餾效應。This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。Wuxi nakano machinery co., ltd. and japan - field technology, the development of a new type of closed turntable polishing concrete slabs. polished tiles from the radically changed the cooling water production accelerated, workers unable to operate close to the phenomenon ; supported by tanks under the workpiece table, it will not only compensate for the loss millstone, but stable grinding force. different uniform surface quality products ; with the grinding process workpiece turntable and rotating products
無錫中野機械有限公司引進日本技術，全新開發的轉臺型封閉式混凝土地磚磨光機，從根本上改變了磨光地磚生產中冷卻水飛濺，操作工人無法靠近的現象工件轉臺由下油缸支承，不僅能及時補償磨石的損耗，而且磨削力穩定不變，不同產品的表面質量均勻一致磨削過程中產品隨著工件轉臺而轉動，避免了其它型式磨光地磚生產中產品不動而帶來的同一產品表面質量不均的現象。This paper introduces several ways of using the regenerating - brake energy in rail - traffic field, and discusses the specification and applicability of the regenerating - brake energy, and of the capacitor - energy - storage in different power - supply modes, which have been practiced in many countries
摘要介紹了世界軌道交通領域各種主流的車輛再生制動能量的利用方式，闡述了其中最適用於國內直流牽引系統的逆變和電容儲能兩種方式的技術細節，及其針對不同供電形式的適用性。The experimental results indicate that when the air flow rate is determined, the key problem for energy saving is how to keep the indoor thermal comfort at a suitable level and reduce the difference between the internal and external temperature of the room. a formula is gained for calculating the critical values of air exchange rate. when ventilating rate is greater than the value, radiating heating is the better way for energy saving, or else, convection method in heating is more suitable
實測還指出，當通風量一定時，如何保證人體熱舒適度不變而減少室內外氣溫差將成為大通風量房間節約採暖能耗的關鍵，本文結合圍護結構傳熱機理，在對三種方式的能耗狀況進行理論分析的基礎上，提出了換氣次數的節能臨界值，若換氣次數高於此值，則輻射供暖是較好的選擇，否則，散熱器供暖是較好的方法。However, there is one kind of possible approach, in which mode of energy stream ' s transmission is changeable through changing structure
只有通過改變結構，從原理上使能量流的傳遞方式發生改變，才能從根本上克服原有無級變速器的不足。The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level
文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。The new unit has following technical features : ( 1 ) the unit ' s load is balanced by means of the accumulator and hydraulic cylinder with special structure ; ( 2 ) the installed power of the unit can be reduced greatly by adopting the accumulator ; ( 3 ) variable frequency speed regulation ensures good energy saving effect, and the closed oil circuit requires less hydraulic oil ; ( 4 ) a bi - directional hydraulic lock in the oil circuit ensures the stability and safety of the operation of the pumping unit
新型機具有4個技術特點： （ 1 ）由於活塞柱塞式液壓缸的特殊結構和液壓蓄能器的配合使用，在平衡抽油機大部分載荷時，不需另外增加配重，可減小抽油機體積、質量和佔地面積； （ 2 ）抽油機下沖程時，與活塞柱塞式液壓缸相連接的蓄能器吸收能量，上沖程時儲存在蓄能器中的能量補充載荷上行所需的能量，大幅度降低抽油機裝機功率； （ 3 ）利用變頻容積調速節能效率高，閉式油路節省液壓油，同時大大減小液壓泵站的體積； （ 4 ）在閉式油路中採用雙向液壓鎖可使抽油機的啟停更加平穩、迅速，其工作的穩定性和安全性更好。The research results show that the counter - flow condensers have a better performance than that of other arrangements in single - circuit condensers, and that branch flow should be adopted in multi - rows condensers to decrease the pressure drop and increase the heat transfer capacity, and that the influence of gravity force can not be ignored, and that there must be an optimum refrigerant mass flow which can make the condenser perform best when the air velocity is constant while there must be an optimum air flow which can make the condenser perform best when the refrigerant mass flow is constant
研究結果表明，單迴路冷凝器中，逆流布置換熱效果最好，叉流其次，順流最差；多排管冷凝器應盡可能採用分流方式，以減小壓降，增強換熱；布置冷凝器流程時，重力的影響不可忽略；當風量不變時，必然存在一最佳製冷劑流量使冷凝器性能達到最佳；當製冷劑流量保持不變時，也相應存在一個最佳風量使冷凝器性能最佳。Abstract : with the theory of vacuum phase - transition and the special theory of relativity, and adding two simple hypotheses that are not contradictory to the theories now available, the paper deduces a kind of energy fomula that gives a probable interpretation of some quasars " energy mechanism that far exeeds the energy of nuclear
文摘:利用真空相變理論和狹義相對論，加上兩個與現有理論不相矛盾的簡單假設，導出了一種能量計算式，對某些類星體遠比核能強大的能源機制提出了一種可能的解釋分享友人