Based on extensive investigation of construction technique history of chinese ancient buildings, the structure method, structure developing history and seismic behavior of chinese ancient timber structure buildings are analyzed in several respects of the structural system and form. through a series of experiments on constituent parts of chinese ancient timber building structure, including the tests on the corbels and brackets called dougong subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on the wooden frame using the tenon - mortise joints as connections of column and beam subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on vibration isolation effect of friction and slippage between column footing and their socle base, and a series of shaking table tests on a chinese ancient timber structure palace building mode under artificial earthquake at serving conditions, destroyed conditions and reinforced conditions, many valuable results of structures such as moment - curvature hysteretic loops of dougong structure and tenon - mortise joints under low cyckc reversed loadings, the static function, the seismic performance, energy dissipation, vibration reduction, energy - loss mechanism, nechanicalmode and failure mode were studied. aplenty of valuable parameters of the structure system were obtained, such as the natural period of structure, vibration modes, damping ratio, factor of vibration isolation, oscillate amplitude of ineitial accebration, velocity and displacement, magnitude of slippage, and the mechanism of structure failure and collapse etc. based on these research, the complete analysis of ancient timber structure under earthquake were carried out in which including mechanism analysis method, calculating mode, strength analysis of members and joints, strengthening methods for serving damaged ancient timber structure buildings were also taken into account
依照宋代《營造法式》建造了抬梁式殿堂木結構構件及結構模型,對中國古代木結構中的典型構造如:
柱腳在礎石頂面平擱簡支、
柱架榫卯連接、
柱高不越間之廣、側
腳、生起、斗拱等的構造機理及結構功能進行了量化分析和實驗研究: (一)通過木
柱石礎靜摩擦試驗,測定了
柱腳與石礎古鏡面間的摩擦系數及摩擦力隨上部結構荷載變化的規律; (二)通過單
柱承載力試驗,測定了古建築中木
柱的受力變形特徵、破壞模式、及模型材料的變形模量、極限承載力、極限變形等參量; (三)通過
柱架低周反復荷載試驗,測定了
柱架的抗側移剛度、
柱架恢復力特性及滯回曲線、榫卯張角剛度及其變化規律、
柱架及榫卯的極限承載力和極限變形、及榫卯減振參數; (四)通過斗?低周反復荷載試驗和受壓試驗,測定了古建築木構件與木構件間摩擦系數,斗?抗側移剛度,斗?恢復力特性及滯回曲線,斗?抗壓極限承載力及受力變形規律; (五)通過抬梁式殿堂間架模型振動臺試驗,測定了殿堂木構架結構自振周期,地震反應振形、阻尼特性及阻尼比;按結構分層特點對
柱腳、
柱頭和斗?層上的屋蓋的地震反應採用多點同步測量,對
柱根滑移、榫卯變形、斗?的變形、復位、耗能減振參數等進行了定量分析。
Franz had remained for nearly a quarter of an hour perfectly hidden by the shadow of the vast column at whose base he had found a resting - place, and from whence his eyes followed the motions of albert and his guides, who, holding torches in their hands, had emerged from a vomitarium at the opposite extremity of the colosseum, and then again disappeared down the steps conducting to the seats reserved for the vestal virgins, resembling, as they glided along, some restless shades following the flickering glare of so many ignes - fatui. all at once his ear caught a sound resembling that of a stone rolling down the staircase opposite the one by which he had himself ascended. there was nothing remarkable in the circumstance of a fragment of granite giving way and falling heavily below ; but it seemed to him that the substance that fell gave way beneath the pressure of a foot, and also that some one, who endeavored as much as possible to prevent his footsteps from being heard, was approaching the spot where he sat
弗蘭茲在那條廊
柱的陰影里差不多躲了一刻鐘光景,他的目光跟隨著阿爾貝和那兩個手持火把的向導,他們已從斗獸場盡頭的一座正門里轉了出來,然後又消失在臺階下面,大概是參觀修女們的包廂去了,當他們靜悄悄地溜過的時候,真象是幾個倉皇的鬼影在追隨一簇閃爍的磷火,這時,他的耳朵里突然聽到一種聲音,好象有一塊石頭滾下了他對面的臺階,在這種環境里,一片肅落的花崗石從上面掉下來原是算不得什麼稀奇的,但他覺得這種石塊似乎是被一隻
腳踩下來的,而且似乎有個人正向他坐的這個地方走過來,
腳步極輕,象是竭力不讓人聽到似的。
Pedestal wash basins - connecting dimensions
柱腳式洗臉盆.連接尺寸
By calculating large quantity of examples, this text studies earthquake resistant behavior of tapered portal frame with pined bases and analyzes its natural frequency, natural period of vibration and vibration mode. by comparing interior forces of pillar top, beam end and span midpoint in two conditions that seismic action effect participates combination of forces and not when portal frame is n ' t changed, ensure conditions that combination of seismic action effect has controlling f unction during tapered portal frame design, and tapered portal frame demands anti - earthquake design
本文通過大量算例分析,研究
柱腳鉸接楔形變截面門式剛架的抗震性能,並對其自振頻率、振型進行了分析;通過比較地震作用效應參與荷載組合與不參與荷載組合兩種情況下,樑
柱截面尺寸不變時,
柱上端、梁端、跨中截面處的內力大小,確定在什麼情況下地震作用效應組合起控製作用,變截面門式剛架需要進行抗震設計。
Handrails and footrails at masts, posts and walls on ships
船上的扶欄和桅桿上的
腳部護欄樁
柱墻壁
An iron rod or a timber used to strengthen a building, a tight bandage for the wrist and an iron frame to hold the ankle straight are all braces
用來鞏固建築物的鐵桿或木
柱、腰部的緊蹦帶和夾住
腳踝使之直立的鐵框架,都叫做支架。
The node that articu - lates designs beam column, can bear larger step in curved rules, the curved distance of sus - pension column is little, suits the building on soft land base
樑
柱鉸接的節點設計,能承受更大的跨中彎矩,
柱腳彎距小,適合於軟土地基上的建築物。
Holder outlines and pin connections for quartz crystal units
石英晶體元件的支
柱引線和插
腳連接
He was observed with lower limb length discrepancy and functional scoliosis
在治療方面我們只採取墊高左
腳鞋跟來改善其機能性脊
柱側彎的問題。
Elastic stability analysis of rigid frame with fixed - base
柱腳剛接的單層單跨剛架的彈性穩定分析