自由市場理論 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zìyóushìchǎnglǐlún]
自由市場理論 英文
free-market philosophy
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 由 : causereason
  • 市 : 同 「黻」[fú]
  • 場 : 場Ⅰ名詞1 （平坦的空地 多用來翻曬糧食 碾軋穀物） a level open space; threshing ground 2 [方言] （...
  • 理 : Ⅰ名詞1 （物質組織的條紋） texture; grain （in wood skin etc ） 2 （道理;事理） reason; logic; tru...
  • 論 : 論名詞（記錄孔子及其門徒的言行的「論語」） the analects of confucius
  • 自由 : freedomliberty
  • 理論 : theory
  1. The point analyses the composition and efficancy of the structure of corporate governance with the modern administration theory. lt systematically sets forth and compares the features and development of the structure of the corporate governance in chinese and western. by analyzing the present situation of our listing companies, it points out : " the internal control " can be considered the inevitable phenomenon, emerged in the period from the socialism planned economy to the market economy in china ' s state - owned enterprises. by the means of gathering a vast amount of data and analying cases and charts, it gives the conclutions : because the enterprise inform is progressed " step by step ", the internal controlling in our country has assumed its own features : the enterprise is in the concussion between the " super - powerful controp ' of external and the " super - weakly control " in internal. those popular phenomenon have been looked as the principle manifestation of " the internal control " which taking the national stock as the ma in part and holding the post of chainman of the board and the chief manager in company to the same man

    本文利用現代管理理論和現代企業理論來剖析公司治理結構的組成和效率體現，對中西方公司治理結構的特徵和歷史發展作了較系統的闡述和比較，並且運用大量的數據對我國上市公司治理結構進行了實證分析，指出： 「內部人控制」是在我國社會主義經濟向市場經濟轉軌時期，國有企業公司治理結構中出現的一種必然現象。本文在闡述公司治理結構特徵和功效的基礎上，通過大量數據的收集、案例分析和圖表處理來分析我國企業治理結構的歷史變遷並揭示出：由於我國企業改革是「漸進式」的， 「內部人控制」表現出其自身的特點：企業處于外部「超強控制」和「超弱控制」的兩極震蕩中。作為最具我國現代企業代表特徵的上市公司，因為以國家股為持股主體，董事長和總經理兩職兼任的現象甚為普遍而成為目前企業事實上的「內部人控制」的主要表現形式。
  2. Weber xtas the first scholar to study organization systematically, but llox " orgal1izatioll form is ci1anging froll1 bureaucracy and hierarcl1ical structure that was discussed by wcbcr to 11etxxork because of market condition transition. i think network organizatiol1 includes il1traorganizational lletu1ork al1d interorganizational network

    在第二章中，筆者詳述了自韋伯以來組織理論的發展變化，說明了隨著市場環境的變化，組織形式日漸由等級向網路轉型，從中抽離出組織網路化的內在動力。
  3. We have advanced the city construction sustainable developing strategy on studying socialized production and life service function ( hub of communication, information linking modern water supplying and draining, energy supplying, calamity preventing, environment preventing ) ; purify and beauty function ( gardens afforest landscape controlling ecology protection ) ; science and cultural function ( exhibition hall, science and technology center, conference service center, gymnasium, library, museum and other recreations ), environment quality controlling, etc. during the process of the city construction sustainable development, thinking manner and view, such as systemic view, natural view, resource view, value view, morality view, should be educated and abided

    通過對城市基礎設施建設?交通樞紐功能、信息溝通功能、現代化給排水、能源供給、防災和環保設施為主體的社會化生產生活服務功能、高水平的園林綠化、景觀控制、生態保護為主要內容的城市美化凈化功能，由展覽館、科技館、會議服務中心、體育場館、圖書館、博物館及其它文化娛樂設施組成的科技文化教育交流功能，環境質量控制等等問題的分析與探討，提出我國城市建設可持續發展的各項對策。詳細分析城市規劃的價值觀和方法論。詳細分析研究城市建設可持續發展中的系統觀，自然觀，價值觀，倫理道德觀等新的思維方式。
  4. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  5. It has powerful competitive capacity and huge application market in china for all of its advantages, such as strong spanning ability, light dead weight, rapid construction speed, beautiful configuration etc. nevertheless, for some reasons, its research work lags behind its engineering practice seriously, affecting its further application and dissemination

    拱型波紋鋼屋蓋是一種新型的空間鋼結構，具有跨越能力大、自重小、施工速度快、造型優美等突出優點，因而在我國有著強大的競爭力和廣泛的應用市場。但由於種種原因，無論在國內還是國外，其理論研究都嚴重滯後於工程實踐，嚴重影響了結構的進一步推廣和普及。
  6. But, it still had n ' t touch the core spot of the question. in contrast to developed countries, then - municipal public utilities price regulation reform began at early 70s, had builded up a integrated system at the reason of perfect market system and long regulation history

    與此相對照的是，發達國家的城市公用事業價格規制改革自70年代便已經開始，由於有成熟的市場體系和較長的規制歷史，在先進的經濟理論指導下，已經形成了較為完善的價格規制體制。
  7. Bpr has been very popular in the world since the introduction of bpr theory by american professors hammer and champy in 1990s. however, research in the field is still theoretical and lack of empirical research though professionals in education and business have put much energy. in this field haier corporation has realized the practice of the theory 。 moreover, theempirical research on haier also has much significance for chinese companies to improve competitiveness and meet new challenges, as china has joined wto, market chain and bpr model taken by haier since 1999 shed much light on the above problems. in this article, i explored and analyzed the business process, based on years " experience of haier in market chain and bpr after my investigation on its managerial innovation systerms

    自90年代美國管理學家哈默和錢皮提出業務流程再造理論后，在世界范圍內掀起一場流程再造的革命，雖然理論界和企業界對其的研究傾注了大量的人力和財力，但再造更多的還是停留在理論的研究上，還缺少有說服力的成功經驗和模式，海爾在這方面實現了「由理論走向現實」的飛躍;同時，在中國加入wto之後，如何提升我國大中企業在國際市場中的競爭力，對於我國企業迎接wto挑戰和機遇具有重要意義。
  8. In the view of technology solution, company management strategy, and government policies, comprehensive research is done on broadband ip network based on chinese cable tv network. it recognizes the severe competition in high - end router market in china which is currently dominated by foreign companies, and sets out the initiative goals and principles to guide the development of native router suppliers. moreover, based on the survey and statistics analysis, it provides a thorough understanding about the current b2c and b2b e - business situation in china, and further addresses the development strategies of b2c and b2b development in china

    本論文首先對電子商務系統進行了總體論述並確立了研究的總體框架；然後在實證研究的基礎上，從技術、企業管理和國家運營政策等角度對利用我國有線電視網路富裕光纖資源架構和運營ip寬帶網進行了系統研究；其次，針對我國高速增長的高端路由器市場基本為國外公司所壟斷的嚴峻現實，以實證研究為基礎，提出了我國自主生產高端路由器的策略與建議；然後，通過問卷調查和數據分析，把握了我國b2c電子商務發展現狀，並在此基礎上提出了我國b2c電子商務發展策略與建議；最後，通過問卷調查和數據分析，把握了我國企業發展b2b電子商務的現狀，探討了我國企業b2b電子商務發展策略。
  9. Real estate medium service is the full name of real estate consultantign assessment and economic activities. it is a special enterprise which arises in the course of the development of markert economy system and real estate industry, it ' s impossible for the real estate market to develop and expand only by means of government intervention. since the stock business accounts for a large proporlion of real estate business, real estate medium plays more and more important role in it, since the first medium, yingkou housing - service agency, established in 1992, the medium companies in yingkou has amounted to 42 with a staff of over 120 leader the coordination of the " invisible hand ", the market and the government ' s support, though it experienced disorder and hesitation at the beginning, but the medicul service in yingkou started a little late and has n ' t played a corresponding role so far, which is reflected in medium service ' s role in housing market keeping still and lack of well - known medium brand and so on. so it is therotica lly instructive and practically valuable to investigate the problems in the development of real estate medium service and optimize the service so as to make the service industry develop continuously and prosperously despite the changing environment and tense competition

    自1992年營口市第一家房地產中介企業?營口市房屋置業服務處成立以來，營口市房地產中介服務業經歷了初期的無序徘徊，而後在政府支持及市場這只「無形的手」的調控下，中介公司由一家逐步發展到42家，從業人員近120餘人，並且數量還在不斷增加。但營口市房地產中介服務起步較晚，還遠遠沒有達到它應該發揮的作用，表現為中介在商品房交易中呈停滯萎縮勢、中介機構規模過小、人員素質參差不齊、品牌力度不夠等。因此，從營口市市情出發，深入研究營口市房地產中介服務業發展問題，優化中介服務環境，對營口市房地產中介服務業在環境變化和激烈競爭的條件下持續健康地發展具有重要的理論意義和應用價值。
  10. Such conclusions were drawn as the postgraduate education was the product of the higher education ' s specific phase, and the internationalization of the postgraduate education was the strategic choice to build up the world top university. some theoretical issues were probed : what was the postgraduate education ; how did the postgraduate education exist ; how did the postgraduate education develop. the thoughts and advice to give self - developing rights to the postgraduates " training units were put forward, of which system innovation was the safeguard

    把研究生教育發展置於高等教育、一流大學和社會經濟發展等運行環境中來論述研究生教育的重要地位與功能，提出了研究生教育是高等教育發展到一定階段的產物，研究生教育國際化是建設世界一流大學的戰略選擇；從理論上探討了研究生教育是什麼，研究生教育如何存在，研究生教育怎樣發展等一系列基本認識問題，並由此提出在落實研究生培養單位辦學自主權上存在的問題及建議，認為制度創新是研究生教育發展的保障；在比較並分析了中外研究生教育培養模式和運行機制特點的基礎上，提出了市場經濟條件下我國研究生教育運行機制的基本框架，即政府、社會、高校按照市場經濟的規律相互聯系和相互作用的體系。
  11. Comparing the artesian well waste material that to autonomous prefecture churchyard unit of 3 oil field develops integratedly harmless change deal with the technology is pilot after the job develops a case, form following conclusion : what artesian well solid abandons is harmless change deal with the technology accords with the state council " watch the decision that reinforces environmental protection about fulfilling scientific progress " in " industry of positive development environmental protection, apply market mechanism to advance pollution to administer " wait for multinomial spirit, but resource conservation, reduce pollution, raise business economic benefits, the effect with environmental distinct benefit, in me the city already had the requirement that uses at real work, the proposal takes the lead by environmental protection branch, participate in next progressively promotion application what the unit of aptitude offers unit of technology, oil field directly

    在綜合比對自治州境內三家油田單位開展的鉆井廢物無害化處置技術試點工作開展情況之後，形成如下結論：鉆井固廢的無害化處置技術符合國務院「關于落實科學發展觀加強環境保護的決定」中「積極發展環保產業、運用市場機制推進污染治理」等多項精神，可節約資源、減少污染，提高企業經濟效益，環境效益顯著的作用，在我州已具備應用於實際工作的條件，建議由環保部門牽頭、有資質的單位提供技術、油田單位的直接參與下逐步推廣應用。
  12. In chinese stock market there are a variety of falsification and breach of faith which result in belief crisis. now is the situation that the regulator, the public companies, the financial intermediaries and the investors will have no faith in each other. on june 6th, 2005 the shanghai composite index fell below 1000. during four years bear market investors have losed almost $ 1, 000 billion, and the heavy loss gives us a lesson that the stock market must build on the foundation of credit. the non - tradable shares is a big barrier. now we are sweeping off the barrier and cherish a open, fair and justicial stock market. to make a sound foundation for the stock market the key is to rebuild the credit of the market, including the credit of the regulator, the redit of the public companies, the credit of the financial intermediaries and the cultivation of the credit culture. this paper profoundly analyses the credit environment of the chinese stock market by the use of credit theory, pointing out that the reason accounting for the lack of credit of the chinese stock market is the unclearly established ownership of the property rights. another reason is that the regulator makes his credit destroyed when he is sustaining the public companies. how to improve the credit environment of the chinese stock market

    但真正要重建中國證券市場，關鍵還在於重建市場信用，包括政府信用、上市公司信用、中介機構信用、以及由全體投資者參與的信用文化培育。本文在研究信用理論基礎上，深入研究中國證券市場信用現狀，指出中國證券市場信用缺失的根本原因是上市公司產權不明晰、政府為了維護國有控股上市公司的利益使自身信用一再遭到破壞，同時沒有有效的失信懲罰機制。對于如何改善中國證券市場的信用狀況，研究表明:重建證券市場信用，必須首先改革國有資產管理體制，使政府擺脫與上市公司的利益糾葛，從而政府成為中立的裁判者。
  13. Finally, these departments ca n ' t establish the information system and logistic system which can quick respond to the customers relate to cost. quality deliverable our country economy system is changing, it is changing from socialism planning economy to market economy. it is very important for us to research the supply chain management, we can learn from the foreign country " s enterprise practice. our goal of use of scm is controlling inventory, improving supply quality and strengthening the competitive capability

    我國航空企業特別是材料采購在傳統計劃體制與運作模式下，多數是自成一個封閉系統，不重視對供應鏈的管理；製造商、供應商和經銷商缺乏長期合作的戰略夥伴關系，相互之間缺乏以信任和共同獲利為基礎的價值鏈，沒有形成滿足顧客在成本、質量、交貨時間等方面的要求而反映敏捷的物流和信息流。我國正在由計劃經濟體制向市場經濟體制轉變，研究國外近來發展迅速的供應鏈管理理論與方法並應用於gj航空公司的實際，對控制庫存、提高服務水平、增強市場競爭能力，有重要的現實意義。
  14. It emphasize in the macro view that we should enhance the lawmaking, develop association about engineering cost management, and broaden the service field of the organization on engineering cost consultation etc. from the micro view, considering that the architecture ' s price may be totally formed by the market and it may connect with international tradition, we discussed how to ferry stream from quota price to bill - quantity price, how to ferry stream from government making - price to enterprise free making - price. also we discussed how to compile bill - of - quantity, how to determine price of bidding strategies of bidding and how to quote price under the bill - of - quantity model. study of a certain reasonable low price, problems and countermeasures of the lowest bid approach in making bid and inviting bid has been discussed too

    強調：宏觀上，工程造價管理要加強立法、加強工程造價管理協會的建設、拓寬工程造價咨詢機構的服務面等；微觀上，針對建築產品價格完全由市場形成及與國際慣例接軌的要求，討論在剛剛開始推行工程量清單計價模式下，如何使定額計價向工程量清單計價過渡，建築產品如何由政府定價向企業自主定價過渡，以及工程量清單編制、標底價格的確定、施工企業的投標報價；研究在工程招投標過程中， 「合理低價」的確定方法，無標底招標可能出現的問題及對策；最後提出費用組成及計價方式的改革，使得工程造價更符合工程的實際情況，更有利於企業間的競爭。
  15. By analyzing and comparing with the comprise, pricing base pricing mode and reform course of the construction price of building and installation project both home and abroad, using the theory and method of the construction cost and market economy, this paper analyzes and dissertates how to confirm the construction cost on the planned economy period, the planned economy transiting to market economy period economy transiting to market economy period and the market economy period, and besides, proposes that it is the most reasonable method that determination of the construction cost should be market - oriented ; " controlling amount, loss up price, offering by enterprise ' s own and formed by market finally " is the best pricing mode for confirming the market - oriented construction cost, however, biding by electing the reasonable low - price to win the bid is the most effective means for realizing the pricing mode of market economy

    工程造價管理的改革是我國建設市場改革的瓶頸和切入點。建立市場經濟的計價模式，合理確定工程造價是工程造價管理改革的目標。本文通過對國內外建安工程造價的構成、計價依據、計價模式及其改革過程的比較分析，運用工程造價及市場經濟的理論和方法，對計劃經濟時期、計劃經濟向市場經濟過渡期、市場經濟時期如何合理確定工程造價進行了研究論述，提出了工程造價的確定實行市場化是最合理的方法， 「控制量，放開價，企業自主報價，最終由市場形成工程造價」是工程造價確定市場化的最佳計價模式，而推行合理低價中標法招標是實現市場經濟計價模式最有效的手段。
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