自由度損失 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zìyóudùsǔnshī]
自由度損失 英文
the loss of a dgree of freedom
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 由 : causereason
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 損 : Ⅰ動詞1 （減少） decrease; lose 2 （損害） harm; damage 3 [方言] （用尖刻的話挖苦人） speak sarcas...
  • 自由度 : ddegreeoffreedom
  • 自由 : freedomliberty
  • 損失 : 1. （失去） lose 2. （失去的東西） loss; wastage
  1. As a result of road transportation situation travelling speed of complex, car is fast, or suffer natural disaster effect, car produces contingency extremely easily, cause loss of car attaint, belongings or personal casualty thereby

    由於道路交通情況復雜、車輛行駛速度快，或受自然災難影響，車輛極易發生意外事故，從而導致車輛損壞、財產損失或人員傷亡。
  2. When the dangerous level in insurance mark increases insurant, did not fulfil announcement obligation by contract agreement lawfully, inform an underwriter not in time namely, the interest that meets an underwriter probably is caused damage, ought to bear consequence of the following law : insurant did not fulfill danger to increase announcement obligation, the agree carries responsibility of breach of contract ; 2 be insurant did not fulfill danger to increase announcement obligation, the loss of the insurance symptom that the insurance accident place that increase because of dangerous level and happens causes, answer to assume responsibility by insurant proper motion, the underwriter pays insurance compensation to insurant no longer

    被保險人在保險標的危險程度增加時，未依法按合同約定履行通知義務，也就是未及時通知保險人的，很可能會給保險人的利益造成損害，應當承擔以下法律後果：一是被保險人未履行危險增加通知義務的，應承擔違約責任；二是被保險人沒有履行危險增加通知義務的，因危險程度增加而發生的保險事故所造成的保險標的損失，應由被保險人自行承擔責任，保險人不再向被保險人支付保險賠償金。
  3. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  4. It is the trend of the times that the compensation for moral damage is included in the state compensation. so it is the pressing matter of the moment to optimize the state compensation law by normalizing and perfecting the moral damage compensation obligation for state tort, and making it consistent with the moral damage liability for civil tort. the responsibility of organs that have adopted illegal documents of administrative norms should be specific legal responsibility by nature

    追償作為一項法律制度，首先體現的是法律責任的承擔，違法者要對自己的違法行為承擔法律責任，但是這一制度的最終結果是要由被追償人承擔經濟上的負擔，即由被飛追償人償付金錢以彌利、國家財政因支出賠償費用而帶來的損失，同時也是對國家公務員依法行政進行有效監督的方式，對公務人員今後的疏忽和懈怠行為將起到教育和預防作用。
  5. The results showed that : the integrated ecological risk was presented symmetrically along brahmaputra, and was mitigated from valley farming area to mountain pastoral area ; the hazards of main risk sources to risk suffer in each sub - region was differently, drought was the common risk source and imperils farming and stock raising severely ; aimed at enhancing the ability of fighting drought, controlling flood and stabilizing sand engineering measures should be taken steps to prevent those hazards ; mountain hazards must be controlled in resident area and along arterial traffic ; manual work should be done to void hail in those area where hails attacked heavily ; there is need to promulgated risk knowledge to herdsmen for strengthening their risk consciousness and improve the ability of preventing risk and self - help after hazards happened in the pasturing area

    扎囊縣綜合生態風險沿雅魯藏布江呈現對稱型分佈，並由河谷農業區向高山牧業區逐漸降低；各亞區的主要風險源對風險受體的危害強度差異較大，乾旱是共同的風險源，造成的農牧業生產損失最為嚴重；抗風險措施主要有在河谷地帶採取工程措施以提高抗旱、防洪和固沙能力，在半山臺地加強治理居民點及交通沿線的山地災害，在多雹區進行人工消雹；在高寒牧區向牧民傳播風險知識，以加強其風險意識，提高規避風險和災后自救能力。
  6. After defining the nature of company law and company constitution, we have no difficult to decide : it is possible that breaking the company law and company constitution will produce flaw decision of flaws. after considering synthetically two pairs of basic point : break the law and break the company constitution, break the entity rule and break the procedure rule, we decide divided standard of kind of action : as to all grounds of action, we classify breaking the law and breaking company constitution ; as to law, we classify breaking entity rule and procedure rule. all grounds of action that include breaking company law and breaking procedure rule of the law are brought into action on canceling decision, and as to grounds of action that the content of decision break the law, we bring them into action on invalid decision. besides, this thesis talks about the value of action on confirming the decision not exist and action on canceling a

    最後，針對我國目前立法中此項制度的缺失，比較借鑒各國和地區的立法例，建構了我國的股東大會決議瑕疵救濟制度:確立了無效之訴、撤銷之訴和確認決議不存在之訴三類訴訟體制，並且設定對股東會決議中的輕微違法由法官裁量決定是否影響決議的效力，對不影響決議效力的輕微違法移交行政機關處理。此外，還對股東會決議瑕疵救濟的法律後果、該項制度的立法方式、訴訟的當事人、損害賠償問題、訴之合併及撤銷之訴的除斥期間等一一提出了自己的立法建議。
  7. The bigger the diameter, the high the heat efficiency, but the weak the temperature increasing ability, length has less effect on the heat efficiency, tilt angle has less effect on the flow field and temperature field while it is larger than 30 degree, vacuum degree and emissivity have great effect on the flow field and temperature field while there is a great temperature difference between the liquid in the tube and the surroundings, the furring has less effect on the heat transfer but should be cleaned up in 3 - 5 years because of poor water quality, the higher the solar flux or the more the temperature difference between the liquid and the surrounding, the more the heat loss and the lower the heat efficiency

    分析了各種因素對太陽能真空集熱管流場和溫度場的影響。直徑越大，熱效率越高，但升溫能力弱；長度對熱效率影響不大；傾斜角度大於30后，自然對流已經能夠充分進行，考慮以能夠吸收到最大太陽輻射為主；真空度和發射率對熱效率和溫度場影響很大，尤其是在介質溫度與環境溫度差異比較大時；水垢對傳熱影響較小但由於水質的問題應該被3 5年清洗一次；太陽輻射強度越大，介質溫度與環境溫度差異越大，熱損失越大，效率越低； 4
  8. When snris below to some extent, the distortion of signal will be so great that the new randomshift invalidates the algorithm, so an improved adaptive centroid estimation algorithmis presented according to signal grouping and the principle of grouping is analyzed. correlation function algorithm is a classical method on shift estimation

    由於當信噪比低到一定程度時，有用信號的損失過大，會導致引入新的隨機時移，使演算法完全失效，因此通過將信號分組的方式提出改進的自適應質心估計演算法，並對分組的原則進行研究。
  9. Because our legal system belong to the common law, but anticipatory breach is the characteristic of english - american law, can anticipatory breach solve the problems in common law ? when the anticipatory breach is introduced, are there conflicts in the institution ? how to improve the anticipatory breach with these projblems with some faults and shortcomings ? this paper inquires these things in three parts. starting bread with the two outside forms of the auticipatory and the two outside forms of the auticipatory non - permermance, the first part of the passage inquires the value and the orcial base of the anticipatory breach by surveyingjit ' s origination and changing process under the origination and changing process under the special historical background. by comparing the anticipatory breach with counterargument right for security, the second part states a viewpoint that the former is superior is superior to the latter in protection parties " lawful rights though there are many similarities and differences between them. from this, we can come to a comclusion that the counterargument right for security is no substition for conticipetory breach and that the former should be part of the latter. the third party gives a detailed explanation of anticipatory breach in english ? american law systems in chinese system of anticipatory breach. finally, the anther makes some important suggestion : first, the subject of counterargument right for security should be attend to either party of the contract

    其價值在於使受害方能提前獲得法律上的救濟，防止其蒙受本來可以避免的損失。第二部分筆者通過對預期違約與不安抗辯權的比較研究，對我國《合同法》應如何處理、協調來自不同法系的這兩項並不完全相同的法律制度的關系提出了自己的觀點。筆者認為不安抗辯權是通過對合同利益期待權的保護，實現法律「公平」和「安全」的價值，而預期違約除標示上述價值目標外，更是法律對「效率違約」這一經濟理論的認可，顯示了法律對「效益」這一價值目標的追求，從而提出預期違約與不安杭辮權二者制度功能相似而制度構造不同，預期違約制度較之不安杭辮權更有利於保護當事人的合法權益，由此得出我國《合同法》中不安抗辮權不僅不能替代預期違約，而是預期違約應該吸納不安抗辮權的結論
  10. Goods or articles carried in any such compartment are at the sole risk of the owner thereof and subject to all the. conditions, exceptions and limitations as to the carriers liability and other provisions of this bill of lading ; and further the carrier shall not be liable for any loss or damage occasioned by the temperature, risks of refrigeration, defects or insufficiency in or accidents to or explosion, breakage, derangement or failure of any refrigerator plant or part thereof, or by ' or in any material or the supply or use thereof used in the process of refrigeration unless shown to have been caused by negligence of the carrier from liability for which the carrier is not by law entitled to exemption

    專門的冷熱艙室所裝運的貨物或物品的風險應由貨主獨自承擔，就承運人的責任而言，應按本提單所有的條件；免責條款和責任限制以及其他規定執行；此外，對因溫度、製冷險、製冷設備或其部件的缺陷、缺乏、事故、或爆炸、損耗，失調或不製冷而導致的，或因製冷過程中使用的任何物資或因其供應或使用而導致的任何滅失或損失，承運人概不負責，除非證明其是因承運人的過失責任而導致，且根據法律承運人無權享受免責。
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