自由銀行制 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zìyóuyínhángzhì]
自由銀行制 英文
free banking
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 由 : causereason
  • 銀 : Ⅰ名詞1 （金屬元素） silver （ag） 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ形容詞1 （跟貨幣有關的） relating to curr...
  • 行 : 行Ⅰ名詞1 （行列） line; row 2 （排行） seniority among brothers and sisters:你行幾? 我行三。where...
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 自由 : freedomliberty
  • 銀行 : bank
  1. Concern the provision of audit work station according to accounting method, if an accounting clerk manages debt already, provide check again, apparent and easy cheat, should give so prohibit ; the accountant record of an unit is custodial, it is the accountant such as budget of forms for reporting statistics of book of zhang of all sorts of prooves that point to this pair of units, accountant, accountant, financial plan, unit and important contract data, after be being collected regularly, examine a nucleus to be opposite, arrange stand roll, schedule, bound into book custodial, if allow a person to manage the debt of an unit already, keep again accountant record, made motion easily on debt apparently later the action that the opportunity of record of recycle government accountant covers him, give so prohibit : the registering job of items of an account of debt of the income of an unit, defray, charge, creditor ' s rights, the much that includes station of work of charge to an account but not be all ( for instance cash journal and bank come - and - go journal are not included ), this part charge to an account works, it is the foundation of business accounting of an unit accountant, also be the basis that produces cash come - and - go, also cannot hold part - time by cashier personnel, a person manages debt already, manage charge to an account again the basis that this produces debt come - and - go, very easy defalcate

    根據會計法有關稽核工作崗位的規定，假如一個會計工作人員既管錢款，又管復核，顯然輕易作假，所以要予以禁止；一個單位的會計檔案保管，是指對本單位的各種憑證、會計賬簿、會計報表、財務計劃、單位預算和重要的合同等會計資料，定期收集后，審查核對，整理立卷，編制目錄、裝訂成冊的保管，假如答應一個人既治理一個單位的錢款，又保管會計檔案，顯然輕易在錢款上做了手腳之後再利用治理會計檔案的機會掩蓋自己的行為，所以予以禁止：一個單位的收入、支出、費用、債權債務賬目的登記工作，包括記賬工作崗位的大部分但不是全部（比如現金日記賬和銀行往來日記賬就不包括在內） ，這部分記賬工作，是一個單位會計核算的基礎，也是發生現金往來的根據，也不能由出納人員兼任，一個人既治理錢款，又治理記賬這一發生錢款往來的根據，很輕易監守自盜。
  2. From this, bohai sea bank also becomes china the first is being initiated establish level to introduce investor of the strategy outside the condition to believe the share - holding system commercial bank that asks means to draw natural person share with gather capital

    由此，渤海銀行也成為中國第一家在發起設立階段就引進境外戰略投資者並以集合資金信託方式吸收自然人參股的股份制商業銀行。
  3. At the end of 2000, 154 licensed banks, 48 restricted licence banks and 61 deposit - taking companies, which were beneficially owned by interests from over 30 countries around the world, were in business in hong kong

    截至年底，香港共有154家持牌銀行、 48家有限制牌照銀行及61家接受存款公司，它們分別由來自三十多個國家的機構實益擁有。
  4. This means the continuation of state ownership and financial support, and, for the time being, de facto limited competition from foreign banks, notwithstanding wto commitments

    這即是說，銀行會繼續由國家擁有，並提供資金支持，同時即使中國內地就加入世界貿易組織作出了承諾，但暫時來說，內地實際上限制來自外資銀行的競爭的做法仍會持續。
  5. Based on the analysis of commercial banks " current concept about fund management, this paper brings forward that fund management is the main - string in its operation, and that the concept of fund management, including security and profitability, is extended from current " forrying fund " to the management of the fund cost and fund risk the paper comprehensively discusses the principle of fund management, the management of fund costs, the tactics of management about fund liquidity, the measures of management about fund risks and how to solve the problems on interest risk in the period of frequent interest fluctuation. the paper puts forward ideas on how to improve the fund management. the security, liquidity and profitability of the fund, which are both contradictory and integrated with one another, are internal factors of fund management. fund liquidity is traditional core question. commercial banks face with a number of risks of witch credit risk is the greatest one because our country has adjusted interest rates 8 times since 1996, which covered a period of frequent interest fluctuation

    商業銀行面對許多風險，但最大風險是信用風險。由於我國自1996年以來已連續調整了8次利率，近幾年是利率波動頻繁時期，研究利率的敏感性問題顯得特別重要。要改善資金管理，提高商業銀行的經營水平，就要建立資金管理是商業銀行經營主線的理念，對資金要統一規劃和管理；要改革銀行的體制，建立現代企業制度和法人治理結構，在體制上為資金管理提供有利的運行平臺；增加改善資金流動性管理所需的貨幣政策工具，擴大資金調控手段；打破貨幣市場的僵化局面，為資金管理創造有利的宏觀環境；續續優化負債結構和負債載體設計；增強資金信用風險規避和化解的措施；通過銀行資源整合，努力尋找資金的安全投放渠道，最終完成經營模式由傳統型向現代型的轉變。
  6. The operation of banking card in china has made a great progress in recent years. but the prosperity of the business of card - issuing doesn ’ t necessarily bring the prosperity of the business of banking card. the reason is, for the virtual nature, electronic nature and the short - term time of emergence of the banking card, the rights of banking card consumers are easier to be violated compared with the traditional credit vouchers or payment tools, for example, the format provisions established by the banks make the consumers hard to choose, the banks charge before discussing with the consumers, and the businesses ’ refusal of the consumers ’ use of the banking cards

    近年來，我國銀行卡發卡業務發展迅速，但這卻並未帶來銀行卡業務的繁榮。其原因是，由於銀行卡的虛擬性、電子性、及其出現時間的短期性，與傳統的信用憑證或支付工具相比，銀行卡消費者的權益比一般消費者更容易受到侵害，具體有以下幾種情形:銀行制定的格式條款讓消費者無從選擇、銀行不與消費者商量擅自收年費、商家拒絕消費者刷卡等。
  7. Theoretically, fiscal fund and bank fund play the different roles in economy, have the different running mechanism, but a reasonable proportion should be kept between the two kinds of funds. there are many irrational phenomena in the operation cycle of fiscal fund and bank fund because of the historical and institutional reasons during the economy transition period. the confusional use of the two kinds of funds result in many contradiction and friction

    雖然從理論上講財政資金和銀行資金在社會經濟生活當中各自扮演著不同的角色，各自有著不同的運行機制，兩種資金之間也確實存在著一個科學合理的分工，在社會總資金中保持合理的比例，在經濟調控中各司其職，然而，正是由於我國目前處于經濟轉軌時期，歷史上的，體制上的種種原因使得我國現階段財政資金和銀行資金的運行中存在著種種不合理的現象，資金運用的不規范導致了兩種資金運行的矛盾，摩擦不斷。
  8. Therefore, how to improve and function the state - owed commercial banks is of primary importance in the course of building up the market regime. the paper starts with the history of the development and the basic connotations and principles of assets operation as well as the evolution of the theories of assets operation of commercial banks. then we proceed on more detailed analyses assets operation of commercial banks in china

    本文首先回顧了商業銀行的發展史和商業銀行資產經營的基本內涵與原則，接著介紹了商業銀行資產經營理論的演變過程，然後針對我國商業銀行資產經營過程中進行了較為具體的實際分析，主要引用了相關的研究數據，由此得出我國商業銀行資產經營不善的原因一方面是外部宏觀體制上的約束，即銀行產權的國家所有制，另一方面在於國有商業銀行自身經營管理制度和技術的落後。
  9. Compulsive settlement of exchange is to show income of all foreign currency must sell foreign currency nominated bank, do not allow to preserve foreign currency ; apiration settlement of exchange is to show foreign currency income can sell foreign currency nominated bank, also can open reservation of foreign currency account, settlement of exchange by foreign currency income possessory oneself decide ; limitation settlement of exchange is to show foreign currency income is inside the amount of national check and ratify but not settlement of exchange, exceed limit must sell foreign currency nominated bank

    強制結匯是指所有外匯收入必須賣給外匯指定銀行，不答應保留外匯；意願結匯是指外匯收入可以賣給外匯指定銀行，也可以開立外匯賬戶保留，結匯與否由外匯收入所有者自己決定；限額結匯是指外匯收入在國家核定的數額內可不結匯，超過限額的必須賣給外匯指定銀行。
  10. Article 34 if modified regulations are required for gold and silver control in border areas inhabited by minority nationalities, the people ' s governments of the provinces and autonomous regions concerned shall formulate them in conjunction with the people ' s bank of china in accordance with these regulations

    第三十四條邊疆少數民族地區的金銀管理需要作某些變通規定的，由有關省、自治區人民政府會同中國人民銀行根據本條例制定。
  11. Other than the preface and the epilogue, the scheme of the discussion is divided into four chapters as follows : in chapter i, the author intended to describe the specific performance of electronic payment risks. firstly focus on the exposition of electronic payment ' s definitions, characteristics, and classification

    電子支付風險法律監管以安全和效率的統一為目標，由央行、銀監會及行業自律組織在全面性、專業性和審慎性等監管原則下對國內商業銀行和非銀行金融機構進行有效監管，控制電子支付風險。
  12. Floating rate is made show central bank does not rule one country the official exchange rate of native money and money of his home products, resigned exchange rate is decided initiatively by foreign currency market

    浮動匯率制指一國中心銀行不規定本國貨幣與他國貨幣的官方匯率，聽任匯率由外匯市場自發地決定。
  13. It includes how to establish a sound institution of risk management and to better management principles ; how to develop a net technology with a independent intellectual property to ensure a safer net banking ; how to institute a social consultant agent and credibility system to reduce the risk to the bottom line ; how to strengthen the construction of the related laws to secure a fair just and order financial environment, how to strengthen banking supervision to secure a effective risk management ; how to enroll a highly q

    由於我國網路銀行風險管理存在諸多問題，影響著我國網路銀行的正常發展，為此筆者提出了自己對加強網路銀行風險管理的一些想法，主要包括建立健全風險管理組織機構和完善管理規章制度；發展先進的具有自主知識產權的網路技術，全面提高網路安全性能；建立健全社會資信咨詢機構和信用制度，最大限度降低信用風險；加強法制建設營造公平、公正、有序的網路金融環境；加強銀行監管，確保網路銀行風險管理外部監督的有效性；努力建立一支高素質復合型的網路銀行經營與管理人才隊伍。
  14. Part iii : the author analyses the modes of separating and combi - nating from fairness, right, result, safety, cost and so on, using the glass - steagall act and financial services modernization act of 1999 including their favourite operating modes. in this part, the author refute the grounds for separating, so as to advocate a policy of combinating

    該部分以美國《格拉斯? ?斯蒂格爾法》 、 《金融服務現代化法》及其各自確立的分業體制、混業體制為主線，運用法律的經濟分析和經濟的法律分析方法，對分業經營理由進行駁斥、反思，旨在主張混業體制；第四部分：根據中國的實情對銀行經營體制的未來取向加以設想和思考。
  15. Based on the innovation theories, the article introduces into the theoretical study of the commercial banking innovation such economic and natural science theories as trading expenses, game theory, system transformation and the theory of evolution. from the standing point of optimizing resources distribution, the article argues and proves that the development of commercial banks are connected with and promoted by several subjective and objective factors, but the dominant factor in the substantial breakthrough of commercial banks lies in innovation

    文章以創新理論為基點，將交易費用、博弈論、制度變遷，以及進化論等經濟和自然科學理論引入商業銀行創新的理論分析研究之中，並以優化資源配置為角度，論證了商業銀行發展是由多種主客觀因素維系和推動的，而引起商業銀行質的飛躍的主導因素是創新。
  16. The article would have three conclusions : one, our commercial bank face huge interest rate risk because our inner management and external mechanism arrangement ; two, the most important factor is the irrationality of asset scheme ; three, apply the duration model to confirm the point and give some suggestions, which include strength the technique construction, regulate asset scheme and reform bank ’ s management system

    文章將要得出的基本結論有:一，由於自身管理與外在的體制安排等因素，我國商業銀行面臨著較大的利率風險;二，我國商業銀行的利率風險主要成因是資產配置不合理;三，通過運用久期模型進行實證分析進一步說明文中觀點，給出我國商業銀行利率風險管理的對策。其中，主要的是加強利率風險管理的技術建設，合理調整資產配置，以及相應的改革銀行風險管理體系。
  17. If gold and silver have been purchased, sold, exchanged or retained without authorization in violation of articles 8, 9, 10, and 11 of these regulations, the people ' s bank of china or the administrative department for industry and commerce shall resort to compulsory purchase or devalued purchase

    （一）違反本條例第八、九、十、十一條規定，擅自收購、銷售、交換和留用金銀的，由中國人民銀行或者工商行政管理機關予以強制收購或者貶值收購。
  18. Firstly the dissertation takes the evolution procedure as the clue to compare the bank governance modes of two countries, and considers that they show obviously convergence during evolution relative to normal corporate governance modes of each country, but their bank governance should also maintain the basic characteristics of their traditional corporate governance modes due to the stability of culture, convention and law environment, and the effectiveness of bank governance modes depends on the institution environment

    首先，論文以銀行治理模式的演變歷程為線索，對兩國銀行治理模式進行比較，認為相對各自國家的普通公司治理模式來說，兩國銀行治理模式在演變過程中表現出更為明顯的趨同性，但是由於文化、習俗和法律等制度環境的穩定性，兩國銀行治理仍將保持顯著的傳統公司治理模式的基本特徵，而銀行治理模式的有效性依賴于制度環境。
  19. In this kind of principal - agent relationship, as a majority in the ownership and investor from outside, the government commits the capital of banks to the president, with sovereign credit guaranteed to absorb large number of deposits and with the expectation to the president of bank to run the capital according to the maximization of state interests. but this kind of administrative relationship on one hand is not helpful to the complete commercial operation on capital by reason of the decision - making power of banks controlled by the government ; on the other hand chances are that the manager of the bank pays little attention to risks, which will result in the losses government can neither supervise nor control but has to undertake finally. the only effective means to control the bank is the power of appointing and dismissing the head of the bank, which however will give rise to soft constraint in governance structure

    在政府?行長委託代理關系中，政府作為銀行所有權的主體和外部出資人將銀行資本委託給銀行行長經營，並以國家信用做擔保吸收巨額存款，希望銀行行長能按國家利益最大化目標進行良好運作，但是這種「行政管理式的委託?代理制」 ，一方面使得銀行經營的自主權受到政府所有者的抑制，而不能進行徹底的商業化經營；另一方面也使得銀行經營者有可能不顧風險，由此給所有者造成損失並最終由政府承擔，而政府部門卻無法對其進行有效監督與控制，在這種產權安排與治理結構下，政府對銀行的有效控制手段主要是行使對銀行行長的任免權。
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