航次成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [hángcìchéngběn]
航次成本 英文
voyage cost
  • 航 : Ⅰ名詞（船） boat; shipⅡ動詞（航行） navigate （by water or air）; sail
  • 次 : Ⅰ名詞1 （次序; 等第） order; sequence 2 [書面語] （出外遠行時停留的處所） stopping place on a jou...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 航次 : 1 （出航次第） the sequence of voyages or flights; voyage or flight number2 （出航的次數） the nu...
  1. In order to make the terminal airspace moderated and consisted, and acquire the biggest capacity of airport, we must consider the influencing factors as many as possible, it is our final target to plan the airspace in beijing terminal unify. with the conditions that the current operation modes of parallel runway, approach and departure procedures and terminal airspace in beijing international airport, this article has analyzed the reasons of airspace congestion. this article also applies the theory of instrument flight procedure and utilizes the current facilities in beijing international airport. the design of flight procedures combining rnav procedures with instrument approach procedures may be accepted on some routes. it make the approach and departure procedure more effective, and increase the capacity of the airport more or less ; secondly, this article contrast the capacities of parallel runway in different methods under radar control, and make the conclusion that the parallel runway in dependent operation modes has the biggest capacity

    本文從目前首都機場平行跑道的運行方式、進離場程序、終端區空域的現狀入手，剖析了造成空域緊張的原因，應用儀表飛行程序設計的思想和原則，利用首都機場終端區現有的設施，某些航線可採用區域導航（ rnav ）程序與儀表進近程序相結合的飛行程序設計，優化了目前首都機場的進離場程序，在一定程度上增加了機場容量；其次，研究了雷達管制條件下平行跑道不同運行方式的容量對比，得出平行跑道獨立運行的容量最大，然後以這種這種運行方式，為首都機場設計出了平行跑道獨立運行的飛行程序；最後，分析北京終端區各機場空域對首都機場飛行程序安全、有效運行的制約因素，研究設計出了北京終端區規劃方案及規劃后的飛行程序和飛行方法，以達到增大機場的容量，適應未來航班量增加的需求。
  2. Air deccan ' s launch is a test of whether india ' s domestic market can sustain a genuine low - cost carrier

    真正低成本的航空公司能否在印度國內市場維持下去，德干航空的運行將成為一次試驗。
  3. Second to this, the flexibility in operation is good for airlines to adjust their fleet structure. and, aircraft leasing can accelerate the development of charter service, which is very important for civil aviation

    其次，利用飛機租賃生產經營的靈活性調整國內航空公司機隊結構的不合理，改變國內寬體機比例過高、飛機利用率低下、成本高且不合理等問題，認為選擇飛機租賃是一種經濟靈活的改變機隊結構的有效手段。
  4. Secondly, introducing the image analyzing technology with reference to the disadvantages of the traditional ferr - graph analysis technology, and with the combination of characteristic parameter optimizing filtration so as to raise a description method of debris micro - morphologic character. thirdly, with the application of mode recognition method, completing the process of debris auto - recognition based on the collected information of the debris configuration characteristics ; and conducting the diagnosis on the aero - engine wear faults according to the theory of particle tribology. fourthly, introducing information fusion technology to solve the problem that a single method can not collect enough fault premonitory information to conduct the wear fault diagnosis, hence to conduct the research and exploration in the field of comprehensive diagnosis on the aero - engine ' s multi - fault premonitory information

    本文的研究工作主要包括以下五個部分：首先，介紹航空發動機常見的磨損故障類型，研究磨損故障的失效機理，分析磨粒的產生機理、分類以及形態特徵：其次，針對傳統鐵譜分析技術的缺點，引入圖像分析技術，再結合特徵參數優化篩選，形成基於圖像的磨粒顯微形態學特徵描述方法：然後，基於提取到的磨粒形態特徵信息，應用模式識別方法完成磨粒自動識別，並根據顆粒摩擦學的基本原理進行航空發動機磨損故障的診斷與定位：再后，鑒于單一方法不能提取足夠的故障徵兆信息進行磨損故障診斷，本文引入信息融合技術，開展航空發動機多故障徵兆信息綜合診斷方法的研究與探索；最後，基於航空發動機滑油光譜分析與鐵譜分析數據，應用時序模型、灰色模型以及組合模型進行磨損故障的預測方法研究。
  5. The second chapter studies the economy of ship ' s power plants, based on the aspects of lowering fuel cost, waste heat recovery, the match of ship, machinery and propeller, increasing propulsion efficiency, increasing the economy of ship ' s power plants, etc. the third chapter discusses in detail the control measures of voyage change cost, analysizes systematically the voyage change cost based on the way of fuel cost, harbor cost, voyage venture cost. the fourth chapter studies the structures and control measures of seafarers cost, maintenance cost, spare parts and stores cost, lubricating oil cost, etc. which are relatively easy to be controlled ; based on the state maintenance decision - making, a mathematical model is put forward, the validity and its solve process are discussed. the control measures of spare parts, fuel cost and lubricating oil cost should be based on scientific budget, through the control means of application, reception, usage, store check, try to acquire the inosculation of theory

    第一章主要討論營運船舶運輸成本，對船舶運輸成本的概念、結構、性質與分攤、成本細分進行了分析，從宏觀上闡明了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第二章研究了船舶動力裝置的經濟性，在營運船舶降低油耗、廢熱利用、船機槳匹配、提高推進效率、提高船舶動力裝置經濟性的有效途徑等方面進行了闡述和論證；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，全面系統地分析和總結了航次變動成本，通過對燃油成本、港口使費、航次風險成本的分析與控制，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用控制、維修保養及其費用控制、船舶備件物料管理及其費用控制等幾個主要可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相互的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的馬爾可夫數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、燃潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章，結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討，旨在揭示成本發生的動因，並給出了成本預算、核算的編制方法。
  6. We are also specialized in the manufacture of high - rank slippers for hotels, airline companies and many others. the materials can be plain fabrics, velvet, terry cotton, chemical fibers, artificial leather, and many others. they are soft and comfortable, and also have beautiful appearance

    本公司同時專業生產賓館酒店航空等一次性高檔拖鞋，特選用平紋布拉毛布毛巾布麻絲毛布人造革割絨麻絲，真美布麻絲等多種材料製成。
  7. Since its grand opening, the hong kong science museum has attracted close to 10 million patrons. many popular exhibitions like " dinosaurs alive ", " prehistoric giants ", " ancient chinese astronomy exhibition ", and " exhibition on chinas first manned space mission " were launched. in 2002, the museum took the lead to combine science with chinese literature in conceiving and producing the " flowers in the mirrors " exhibition which was well received by local citizens and was roved to singapore and france for display. in addition, around half of the exhibits inside the permanent exhibition halls have been renewed since its opening

    香港科學館自開館以來，已吸引近一千萬人次參觀，並為觀眾帶來多個受歡迎的展覽，包括恐洪荒巨獸中國古天文成就展中國首次載人航天飛行展等。在2002年，科學館更首次結合科技和中國小說創作了鏡花緣展覽，除受到本港市民歡迎外，展覽更先後到新加坡及法國等國家展出。而常設展覽廳內的展品亦不斷更新，由開館至今已有約一半的展品換上新的內容。
  8. During the kuroshio survey, jointly conducted by china and japan from 1986 to 1992, more than 100 field operations were carried out, and meetings of over 200 scientists were arranged, which helped to accumulate a rich store of information for understanding the movement of kuroshio, its regular pattern of changes and its origin, as well as the resources variations in the fishing grounds of the western pacific

    僅中國和日本於1986年至1992年合作進行的黑潮調查，就進行了100多個航次的外業調查，交流科學家200多人次，為認識黑潮運動、變化規律和成因，以及西太平洋漁區資源變動等問題積累了大量資料。
  9. The latest development of elmc, which is composed of distribution power center unit ( dpcu ) and electrical remote terminal ( ert ), is generalized in the paper. elmc scheme is presented according to the characteristic of avionics and the request of fault tolerant electrical power system ( ftep ). ftep structure based on 270v direct current is then designed to realize the demonstration of dpcu

    本文首先分析了elmc在國內外研究發展狀況，並依據航空電子系統特點和容錯供電要求，提出了由配電中心和控制中心組成的elmc的總體方案；完成了270v高壓直流供電的飛機容錯供電系統方案的設計，實現了供電系統中二次配電方案的控制與管理的模擬演示。
  10. The thesis consist of six chapters and based on the way of propose the question, analysis, then get the solution. it discussed and recognized what the ship transportation cost was in chapter one ; studied the environment and growing trend of the cost in chapter two ; fully discussed and demonstrated the voyage variable costs and controlling method, proposed a mathematic decision model of fuel supplying and get through the validation, proposed the concept of risking cost and addressing many controlling measures to it in chapter three ; discussed a certain running costs, proposed and validated a mathematic model of condition - based maintenance, and put forward many practical controlling method of running costs such as crew payment, repairs, spare parts, stores and lub oils in chapter four ; combining a case of monthly running cost budget and verification, performed a useful learning on running cost budget, forecast and verification in chapter five ; finally fully studied the method of cost - calculating and benefit - analyzing of time chartering container ships on a proposed route

    第一章主要討論並認清什麼是船舶運輸成本；第二章研究了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，提出了燃油補給方案的決策模型並給出了模型的驗證過程，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用、維修保養費用、備件、潤物料費用等幾個主要的可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相應的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶運輸營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討；第六章結合具體案例對期租班輪的成本測算與效益分析方法進行了細致的研究。
  11. In this paper, an approach of the systematic artificial neutral net was introduced into the analysis on the ship - against - bridges probability with a computer programs. based on the basic data of the present 12 typical bridges as the sample, 4 chief influential factors as the input coefficient, such as the bridge span, the water flow rate, the incline angle between water flow direction and the direction normal to bridge axis, and the curve in the course near the bridge area, with the ship - against - bridge probability as the output coefficient, the intelligent judging system of the ship - against - bridges probability reflecting the influence of the above input parameters is obtained after training

    本文首次將人工神經網路系統方法引入了船撞橋概率的研究當中，編制了計算程序，成功地以現有12座典型橋梁的基礎數據為樣本，以橋梁跨徑、水流流速、水流方向與橋軸法線的夾角以及橋區航道彎曲度等4個船撞橋主要影響因素為輸入參數，以船撞橋概率為輸出參數，經訓練得到了能較好地反映上述輸入參數影響的船撞橋概率判斷系統。
  12. So the most urgent problem to solve is how to improve the audit quality. to improve listed companies ' information disclosure and caps ' securities audit quality, csrc has made a new measure " a shares supplementary auditing ". in fact, high securities audit quality decides in a good system. one choice is to establish the audit quality evaluation system and a perfect audit quality control system, which can instruct investors to make rational decisions. in this, study, a theoretical framework of audit quality evaluation system is presented including two parts : apprasing standards system of accounting firms ' audit quality and evaluation system of specific audit engagement ' s audit quality, followed inspectively by the empirical analysis of the audit quality based on the listed companies ' 2001year financial statements, and make an comparative analysis of audit quality control system between america and china, disclose shortness of our audit quality control system. in order to improve effectively audit quality, some relevant suggestion and means are provided

    本文認為，注冊會計師證券審計質量要真正得到提高，關鍵在於一個好的制度安排。制度選擇之一就是建立一個可操作的質量評價體系和完善的全面質量控制體系，為投資者導航引向、趨利避害。本文在參考大量國內外相關研究理論的基礎上，研究了審計質量低劣的理論成因，嘗試構建了審計質量替代指標的理論體系，包括事務所審計質量的替代指標和單個審計項目審計質量的替代指標，並結合2001年度年報進行了實證分析；通過對美國和中國審計質量控制體系的對比分析，揭示我國審計質量控制體系的缺陷以及從美國經驗得到的啟示，並提出改進審計質量的途徑和相關建議，包括宏觀、中觀、微觀三個層次的全面質量管理策略和獨立審計經營戰略。
  13. The constitutions and principles of position of gps > glonass and beidou navigation system are described all around in this article, and the following technologies are studied and realized : communication between com ports with oop technology, compound navigation with gps and glonass. calculate velocity, pseudorange difference, smoothing pseudorange with the carrier - phase and models to correct error are also done ; the transforms between wgs - 84 and pz - 90, as well as wgs - 84 and beijing54 coordinate system ; the technologies to display and manage bitmap, vector map based on mapx also ; conversion of data formats between gjb and mif data format of maplnfo corp. arithmetic of creation dem data based on contour line data from 1 -. 25000 map data with gjb format. texture the surface of terrains with corrected aviation image

    本文全面介紹了gps 、 glonass 、北斗導航系統的組成、定位原理，研究並實現了面向對象的串口通信技術、 gps + glonass組合導航、測速及偽距差分、相位平滑偽距差分以及有關誤差的模型改正、 wgs ? 84和pz ? 90 、 wgs ? 84和北京54坐標系的坐標轉換、柵格地圖的顯示和管理、基於mapx的矢量地圖的顯示和管理、 1 : 25萬軍標數據和mapinfo的mif數據格式雙向轉換、基於軍標數據的dem生成演算法、基於opengl的三維地形構造、航空圖像紋理地形表面、三維坐標量算、虛擬現實模擬導航、三維地形的層次細化演算法以及數字圖像處理中的圖像增強、幾何變換、影像匹配等技術。
  14. This thesis takes the resettlement action of zhuzhou hydropower junction as a project, and makes the use of the project management theory, the fundamental principal of project post - assessment and the sustainable development theory, and builds up the principals and standards of the resettlement, and analyzes the concrete content of post - assessing the resettlement project, and designs the sustainable post - assessment index body, and lists the computer formula of the quantitative index, and makes the use of ahp and lfa to post - assess the resettlement project. we obtain the conclusion that the sustainability of resettlement project is not in good state. in order to improve it, this thesis digs the passive elements, and supplies some suggestions to sustain the sustainable development of the resettlement project, such as increasing investment, carrying out the agriculture economy industry of resettlement district

    本文將株洲航電樞紐工程移民工作看作成一個項目，運用項目管理和項目后評價的基本原理，結合可持續發展理論，建立了移民項目可持續后評價的原則和標準，分析了移民項目后評價的具體內容，設計了移民項目可持續后評價的指標體系，列出了定量化指標的計算公式，並探討用層次分析法和邏輯框架法對移民項目的可持續進行后評價，后評價得出的結果表明株洲航電樞紐工程移民項目的可持續性處于次強狀態，為增強該項目的可持續性，本文通過研究挖掘出影響該項目可持續性的負面因素，提出了一些保持移民項目可持續發展的對策和建議，例如增加移民安置的投入、實行移民安置區的農業經濟產業化等等。
  15. This paper is based on the cosco vessel investment decision support system project. firstly, according to the shipping enterprise ' s situation and character, a program suitable to the shipping enterprise is given, which is used to help decision - maker analyze the economical effect of the investment and choose correct investment project. secondly, the author extends the use of the evaluation method of single ship investment, simplifys the calculation of revenue and cost, set up the multi - objective synthesis evaluation model of ship investment to evaluate ship investment considering the fleet as a whole, then to make decisions on vessel type jtonnage, number, financing pattern ; finally, the author analyzes the system, and designs the system, mainly including the design of operation database, design of decision support database, the design of models database, system interface, the style of the system, and analyzes the techni cal problems about the system, some functions has been put into use

    以輔助或支持企業的決策者分析投資的經濟效果，選擇投資方向及決策方案，使決策的結果更能滿足航運企業發展的實際需要，作出科學的決策；其次，本文將單船投資決策的技術經濟評價方法進行推廣，在計算npv指標中涉及到的復雜的成本與收入計算問題進行簡化，並利用運籌學的知識，建立船舶投資決策模型，從船隊整體角度對船舶投資進行綜合評價，以達到對船隊中投入船舶種類、船舶噸位、數量與融資方式選擇的多維決策；最後，本文對船舶投資決策支持系統進行了詳細的系統分析，作出整體框架設計，主要包括操作數據庫設計、 dss數據庫設計、模型庫設計和系統介面、系統風格設計，並對系統開發中涉及到的技術問題予以分析，並實現了部分功能。
  16. In this case we will first find out the radical reason of bb airline " s losing money through a cost structure compare report of the overseas and domestic airline ; and at the same time we will give out a brief introduction of bb company " s present cost management situation by the way of discussion. after that we will fully quote a work report of a profit managing employee. this report covered from charter flight accounting to charter flight managing ; from insensible management to active co - operation. it is also a summary of fault and progress they have made in the past profit management

    本案例首先通過一份中外航空成本結構對比報表找出bb航空公司虧損的根源所在；同時，本文由與會代表的各抒己見引出bb航空公司成本管理存在的問題。其次，本文又引述了來自收益管理第一線的工作人員的工作匯報。他對自身的工作經驗的總結由核算包機到管理包機，由無意識管理到主動配合也是對公司過去收益管理中失誤與進步的總結，並進而揭示了加強收益管理癥結所在，明確了職責明確、信息完全對收益管理的重要性。
  17. The help of straight boat of prospective two sides to kaohsiung harbor is not to do not have, before " the ministry of communication " boat politics director, currently hold the post ofmarine university to teach wu ronggui to point out, because straight boat reduces shipment and delivery cost, of cargo of come - and - go of ok and exciting two sides grow, additional with fujian area for, slower port is built beyond xiamen, each countries ship business still carries as dump with kaohsiung harbor likely center, but expect very hard to have considerably grow, straight boat of prospective two sides, benefit is the greatest is aviation passenger transport, it is air - freight next, marine leakey already not quite

    未來兩岸直航對于高雄港的幫助不是沒有，前「交通部」航政司長，現任海洋大學教授吳榮貴指出，因直航降低運送成本，可以刺激兩岸往來貨載的成長，另外以福建地區來說，廈門以外建設較緩慢的港口，各個國航商仍有可能以高雄港做為轉儲運中心，但是很難期待有大幅的成長，未來兩岸直航，效益最大的是航空客運，其次是航空貨運，海運的利基已經不大。
  18. Cuhk has also expressed its pleasure in this first cooperative effort with satellite devices corporation through the licensing scheme. " this is certainly a note - worthy occasion that marks the beginning of our cooperation with one of our locally bred and gem listed technology companies

    香港中文大學對于與衛星導航設備有限公司達成首個科技創新及合作協議感到十分高興。中文大學副校長楊綱凱教授表示：這是中文大學首次與本地創業板的科技公司合作，是一個值得紀念的日子。
  19. At a net level including restructuring and interest costs, the airline industry is forecast by iata to return to profit in 2007 for the first time since 2000, ending six successive years of losses

    國際航空運輸協會預計，按照計入重組和利息成本的凈利潤來衡量， 2007年全球航空業將實現自2000年以來的首次扭虧為盈，結束持續6年的虧損局面。
  20. A simple air miles scheme turns blue, silver, gold and finally platinum with ensuing costs

    一個簡單的航空里程方案在保證成本的基礎上從藍色、銀色、金色最終到白金層次。
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