And it can be divided into four phases of urban tourism of china, in which there are different characteristics. ( 2 ) the evolutive rules of urban tourism of china are as follows : 1 ) the exoteric extent of tourism notion is more and more swell ; 2 ) the form of urban tourism renovate with the development of cities ; 3 ) the layout of urban tourism inner and outer is from close and complanate to exoteric and tridimensional ; 4 ) the sustaining system of urban tourism is from absent to as clear as a bell, and will reach a rational and advanced extent. 5 ) the social delamination of urban tourism is form stern to syncretic ; 6 ) the evolvement tendency of urban tourism should be generalized as a curve of accumbent " s ", which present a course makes up of low - grade development, high - speed development and balanced development
主要觀點歸納如下： （ 1 ）城市旅遊是基於城市的發展而發展的，中國城市旅遊可分為古代、近代、現代和后現代四個階段，分別對應於前工業文明時期的城市旅遊、工業文明萌
芽時期的城市旅遊、全面建設工業文明和后工業文明因素初露端倪時期的城市旅遊，以及邁向信息時代的城市旅遊，其間
體現出不同的城市旅遊發展特徵； （ 2 ）經歷不同發展的時期，中國城市旅遊表現出如下的演進規律： 1 ）城市旅遊觀念開放程度逐漸增強，對城市旅遊的容納度日趨加大，對城市旅遊地位的認識從忽視到關注再成為生活的必要因素； 2 ）旅遊形式從單一走向多元，新的旅遊形式隨城市發展層出不窮； 3 ）城市旅遊的內外部空間聯系從封閉平面走向開放立
體，達到網路化、連綿化、分區化、立
體化布局； 4 ）城市旅遊支持系統從缺失走向健全，達到理性高端； 5 ）城市旅遊社會分層從森嚴走向融合，經歷了「小眾旅遊」 、 「大眾旅遊」 ，最終發展到「全民旅遊」 ； 6 ）城市旅遊產業演變態勢可以概括為一條橫臥的「 s 」曲線，表現為低開?高走?平穩發展。
Particular way is : should help sang youmiao up to grow about 20 centimeters tall when make a top, make shoot of bottom axillary bud
具
體做法是：當扶桑幼苗長到約20厘米高時打頂，促使下部腋
芽萌發。
In this study, the stem segments of new shoot with axillary buds of well - growth tetraploid black locust trees were used as explants. the effects of different basic mediums, different hormone kinds and their concentrations ratios, different sucrose concentrations on calli induction, buds differentiation and rooting in the process of establishment of high frequency regeneration system of tetraploid black locust were studied. on the base of high frequency regeneration system, the effects of various factors on transformation efficiency of badh mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens were discussed in the light of gus histochemical assays
本實驗首先以生長良好的四倍
體刺槐優株上當年生新梢的帶腋
芽莖段為外植
體，研究了在四倍
體刺槐高頻再生
體系的建立過程中不同基本培養基、不同激素濃度及其配比、不同蔗糖濃度對愈傷組織的誘導、
芽的分化及生根的影響；然後在得到高頻再生
體系的基礎上，通過農桿菌介導法轉化甜菜堿醛脫氫酶（ badh ）基因，以gus染色組織分析為依據探討了影響轉化效率的各種因素，建立了高效、可重復的基因轉化
體系，為四倍
體刺槐目的基因的導入打下了基礎。
In the yeast cell, a bulbous projection, the bud, appears at one portion of the cell wall.
在酵母細胞中球莖狀的突出物--
芽體出現在一部分細胞壁的上面。
In the yeast cell, a bulbous projection, the bud, appears at one portion of the cell wall
在酵母細胞中球莖狀的突出物- -
芽體出現在一部分細胞壁的上面。
Explants were then transferred onto the selection medium containing 500mg / l carbenicillin and loomg / l kanamycin and incubated at 25, 16 / 8h light / dark cycle. small leaves of adventitious shoots differentiated from explants were cut and dipped into gus staining solution. positive shoots, gus tinted, were induced to root
分化出的不定
芽切下半張葉片進行gus染色，呈陽性的植株從外植
體上切下，在生根培養基（ ms 0刀sing lnaa 50mg幾kan ）中誘導根的形成。
Yherefore, many researchers have shown great concern with the development of vaccines to against schistosomiasis. at early stage, the research of vaccines of schitosomiasis was centered on dead vaccine and athenuated cercaria of schistosomes while molecular vaccine and athenuated cercaria of schistosomes while molecular vaccine is currently the focus of research with anti - infection protective immunity as its main concern. guan xiaohong and zhao weixian ( 1986 ) certified that the allergen of egg granulonma of schistosoma japonicum might firstly come from gut associated antigen ( gaa ) of schistosomula and adult worm and that daa had cross reaction with soluble egg antigen ( sea ) and membrane associated antigen ( maa ) ; and the gaa of schistosoma japonicum might play a sensitizing role in egg granuloma formation
Np30主動免疫c57bl 6對尾蚴攻擊感染產生42 . 05的保護力，肝組織減卵率為66 . 63 ； balb c和昆明種小鼠的保護率分別為39 . 53和50 . 46 ；免疫山羊可誘導42 . 78的減蟲率，肝組織減卵率為35 . 83 ，糞減卵率為25 ，並可明顯抑制肝臟蟲卵肉
芽腫的大小，肉
芽腫數量明顯減少，纖維化減輕，
體重明顯增加，因此np30是南京醫科大學博士學位論文很有希望的抗日本血吸蟲病疫苗侯選分子。
The cultural conditions such as temperature, fermentation period and the compound of medium are studied. the result of test show that suitable factors for both bacterium to grow and active substance to produce are 28, 200rpm and 72 hours. the bacterium is gotten through centrifuge with 8000rpm for 20min. then the bacteria is diluted and colophony named s - 8 is put into and used to absorbed active substance for 4 hours
對該菌株發酵條件的研究表明：該菌株用馬鈴薯葡萄糖液
體培養基發酵培養， 28 ， 200rpm搖瓶中振蕩培養72h可獲得高活性的發酵產物，用蘇雲金
芽孢桿菌hd - 1做指示菌，將發酵液稀釋40倍生測仍可形成明顯的抑菌圈。
In regard to product, it is with the traditional cut flowers, stem the flower compare the body now of is a kind of all new and special flower to appreciate, implantation concept, the product emphasizes what the whole development process of the flower bring people that joy and achieves feeling more, outstanding the flower is been embryonic by the seed and grow up gradually to bloom, result a kind of life contain hope and people to fine life of look forward to and pursue, come to an implantation concept and appreciate result thus of perfect combine. in the meantime, the structure and the features design of the product also body the contriver doesn t have mental strategy now : agile, convenience, environmental protection, make it attain real pocketsized result because of controling the plant physical volume, the full body was now the characteristic of the pet flower
就產品本身而言，它與傳統的切花乾花相比所
體現的是一種全新獨特的花卉觀賞培植概念，產品更加強調花卉的整個培養過程所給人們帶來的那份喜悅與成就感，突出了花卉由種子萌
芽漸漸成長到開花結果所蘊涵的一種人生希望與人們對美好生活的嚮往與追求，從而達到了培植概念與觀賞效果的完美結合。同時，產品的結構及外型設計也
體現發明者的別具匠心：輕巧方便環保，由於控制了植株
體積，使其達到真正的袖珍效果，充分
體現了寵物花卉的特性：
Wounded cotyledons of four - day - old seedlings of lettuce ( lactuca saliva l. )
外植
體在無抗生素的誘
芽培養基（ ms 0
Floral organs have been successfully induced from the regenerated floral buds of ffyacinthus orienralis l. by precisely controlling exogenous hormones in the medium. under high concentration of cytokinin and auxin, the regenerated floral bud produces only tepals
以風信子花被片為外植
體，通過控制培養基中細胞分裂素和生長素的濃度，可誘導花
芽的再生和控制產生花器官的種類，建立起離
體花器官定向控制系統。
Seven pairs of degeneracy primers for cloning are schemed out by using bioinformatics software
建立白樺花
芽組織rna的逆轉錄
體系。
2. according to the effect of combination of different hormone concentration in the medium on callus formation and shoot induction of tomato cotvledons, we defined mso + 2. 0mg / l ba + - 0. 2mg / l iaa as optimum differential medium
根據番茄子葉外植
體在加有不同激素濃度配比的培養基上愈傷組織分化和
芽再生的情況，確定最佳分化培養基為ms _ 0 + 2 . 0mg / lba + 0 . 2mg / liaa ； 3
But cluster buds can not be obtained from the callus of stems and embryo. it has likely relate to the inner structure of callus. lt is very difficult to get embryoid from mature embryo and its inducing rate is very low, and only 11. 5 % in the media containing n6 + ba 1. 5mg / l + naa 0. 5mg / l + sucrose 30g / l + agar 8g / l + ac 2g / l which is the best media for gingo tissue culture
而莖段和胚誘導的愈傷組織基本上沒有叢生
芽發生，這可能和不同愈傷組織的內部結構有關。成熟胚的胚狀
體誘導率較低，誘導相當困難，在n6 bai
In july 2002, arawana initially presented the second generation blending oil according with 1 : 1 : 1 food fatty acid ratio, based on the first generation blending oil, develops concept of health, adopts unique recipe, selects 8 kinds of materials - extracted vegetableseed oil, extracted bean oil, extracted corn embryo oil, aromatic groundnut oil, sesame oil, extracted flaxseed oil, extracted safflowerseed oil, not only retains the original flavor, but also keeps balanced nutrition, able to help human body absorb fatty acid to reach the perfect balance proportion of 1 : 1 : 1, and contains rich vitamin e, initially accords with the international standard, so it is the genuine nutrition cooking oil brewed according to standard of " food and drink guide of china civilians " in the present market
2002年7月，金魚在中國率先推出符合1 : 1 : 1膳食脂肪酸標準的第二代調和油，是在第一代調和油的基礎上，發展健康概念，採用獨特配方，精選8種原料精煉菜籽油精煉大豆油精煉玉米胚
芽油精煉葵花籽油濃香花生油芝麻油精煉亞麻籽油精煉紅花籽油調和而成，不僅保有原有風味，香味濃郁，而且營養更均衡，能夠幫助人
體吸收脂肪酸達到1 : 1 : 1的完美平衡比例，並且含有豐富的維生素e ，在國內率先達到國際標準，是目前市場上率先根據「中國居民膳食指南」標準調制的，是真正的營養食用油。
It contains the germ of the whole.
包含總
體的萌
芽。
Formerly, the bryophyta also included the liverworts and hornworts, which in the five kingdoms classification are now placed in separate phyla ( hepatophyta and anthocerophyta )
孢子萌發產生一個絲狀的單倍
體，將來可以發育為
芽體，進而形成整個植株。
Protonema ( pl. protonemata ) the young bryophyte gametophyte that develops following spore germination. the mature gametophyte plants develop from buds that form at several points along the protonema
原絲
體：苔蘚植物中直接由孢子萌發形成的結構稱為原絲
體。原絲
體上形成1個或幾個
芽體，
芽體進一步發育為配子
體。
A type of grafting in which the grafted part is a bud
芽接：接穗為枝條上的芽體的一種嫁接方式。
