In recent years, the water - saving and control irrigation technique of rice has diverted from plot experimental and demonstration to lare scale. and has got remarkable economic and social benefits. amed at the characteristics of this irrigation area, optimal selection for water - saving techniques of rice, deciding the amout of leaching water and irrigation modles, investigating the adaptability of the water - saving and control irrigation technique in saline land. studying the increase in production mechanism of the technique are important to extend the technique, to better and develop saline land as well as slick spots. according to the results of field experiments, optimization study was conducted on the water - saving irrigation technique of rice in saline land, the effects of different water - saving irrigation techniques on the physiological indexes and yield of rice were systematically analyzed. by using mutiplepurpose fuzzy optimization method, better. water - saving irrigation technique was selector out, that is. the control irrigation technique in rice. the mechanism of it was analyzed from the aspect of the physiological and ecological saving water of rice to provide the implemental process and technical point ; throgh the quantitive analysis and comparision on control irrigation and control class ( flood irrigation ), high production and quality mechanism of the technique was analyzed in terms of physiology indexes of rice, the variation of soil moisture, the pest resistance and the lodge resistance, the change of soil temperature in paddy fields. the yield constitutive factors, the quality of rice and so on. in saline land. control irrigation and intermittent leaching modles were adopted to validate the adaptability of the technique in irrigation of rice in saline land, to analyze rice ' s physiological - ecological indexes and the change of soil salt content under the conditions of control irrigation leaching of rice and and to provide control irrigation and combined modle of intermittent leaching to adapt to different conditions
本文從試驗及試驗資料入手，取得以下主要成果和結論：對鹽堿地水稻
節水灌溉技術進行優化研究，系統地分析了不同
節水灌溉技術對水稻生理指標及產量的影響，採用了多目標模糊優化的方法，對灌水技術進行綜合評判，優選了
節水灌溉技術，論證該地區宜採用水稻控制灌溉技術；闡述控灌技術通過調
節和控制水稻的需水規律，降低水稻高產情況下的無效水量消耗，從水稻生理、生態
節水兩方面分析了控灌技術
節水機理，針對性地總結出水稻各生育期實施
節水控灌技術的步驟及技術要點；通過控灌與淹灌的定量對照比較，從根系、
莖蘗、冠層葉片及綠葉動態到株高，土壤水分變化，抗病蟲害、抗倒伏能力，稻田土溫變化，產量構成因素及稻米品質等諸多方面進行動態比較，分析控灌技術高產優質機理；在鹽堿稻地採用控制灌溉+間歇淋洗模式，跟蹤測試田間水鹽變化狀況，驗證控制灌溉技術在鹽堿地區水稻灌溉中應用的適應性，通過分析水稻控制灌溉淋洗條件下水稻生理生態指標，提出優化控制灌溉+間歇淋洗組合模式，為進一步在高礦化度地區試驗水稻控灌技術奠定基礎。
The terminal bud continues vegetative activity during most of the growing season.
在大部分生長季
節，這種
莖的頂芽繼續著植物的生長。
Bud is produced in both rhizome and tiller - node, rhizome can produce more buds than tiller - node on hordeum brevisubulatum, arundinella hirta, calamagrostis epigeios, c. rigidula and hierochloe glabra populations. both 1st age rhizome and tiller - node of 1st age tiller are mainly two contributors in importing of bud bank
根
莖和分蘗
節是芽的主要產生部位，牛鞭草、野古草、拂子茅、硬拂子茅和光稃茅香種群根
莖的營養繁殖力比分蘗
節強， 1齡根
莖和1齡分蘗株分蘗
節是芽庫輸入的主要貢獻者。
The tiller - nodes of 6 species of rhizome grass, including leymus chinensis, hemarthriajaponica, arundinella hirta, calamagrostis epigeios, c. rigidula, hordeum brevisubulatum in songnen plain, can live at best for 2 to 5 years, and do 2 to 4 propagating generations which is the same as the age class of tiller in number. the age structure of population is an increasing model which the young tiller is more than the old at quantity and biomass. during the whole growing season, the age spectrum varies for each species
松嫩平原，羊草、牛鞭草、野古草、拂子茅、硬拂子茅和野大麥等6種根
莖型禾草種群的分蘗
節最多可以存活2 5個年度，可以進行營養繁殖2 4個世代，分蘗株的齡級數與分蘗
節營養繁殖的世代數相同，在種群分蘗株的數量和生物量上，生長季的各個時期均以幼齡分蘗株占較大比例，呈現為明顯的增長型年齡結構，各種類的年齡譜組成各異。
Variation law of stem diameter and internode length aboveground of carex pseudocuraica ramets under different water content
不同水分狀態下漂筏苔草無性株地上
莖粗和
節長的變化
Depending on the variety, its knotty rhizomes range from mustard yellow to lemon yellow
根據品種，它多
節的根
莖范圍從芥末黃色到檸檬黃色。
The results show that season has remarkable effect on component of cerambycidae community, which suggests that longicorn beetles occur much seasonally ; habitat type also has large effect on it, which reflects the dependence of longicorn beetles on host plant ; but altitude gradient has smaller effect on it, which is a result of the fact that longicorn beetles " larvae live all their life inside the stem of host plant and are seldom influenced by outside surroundings
結果表明，月份對天牛群落組成影響顯著，天牛的發生具有明顯的季
節性；生境類型對天牛群落組成也有很大影響，體現了天牛對寄主植物的依賴性；海拔對天牛群落組成的影響較小，這與天牛幼蟲終生生活在寄主植物
莖內，受外界環境影響較小有關。
Stems pendulous, terete, many - noded
莖下垂，圓柱形，多
節。
7 - 10 days " seedlings after the seeds germinated, the meristem in the stem apex functioned to form true leaf primordium, meanwhile, the vessel elements which differentiated from parenchymatous cells of the middle and upper portion of the cnz connected with the vessel elements from procambium of epcotyl - shoot region
種子萌發7 - 10天，幼苗的
莖端分生組織活動形成真葉雛形，此時由子葉
節區中、上部薄壁細胞的轉分化形成的導管分子與上胚軸-苗區原形層形成的導管分子發生連接。
Based on the result, a brief and economical method was proposed to test the carbohydrate of the stem or leaf nearby the ear with the saccharimeter, or to examine the decomposability rate of the dry matter of this part, instead of the test of the dry matter decomposability rate of the whole plant
以此為依據，可用速效測糖儀測定雌穗
節附近
莖或
莖葉的糖分含量，或測定此部分的干物分解率，進而推測全
莖葉的干物分解率，在消化性狀選育上達到簡便、快速、經濟、有效的選擇目的。
2 comparative study on morphology in the light of the form of the materials, hup shows more approximate relationship with gri : they are 50 ~ 70cm high at the period of fructescence ; both are perennials and reproduce themselves by root stock, and especially, hup can also reproduce itself by branch roots and buds growing from stipes when the stems fall againt the ground, and then those buds develop into new bodies ; while gri can reproduce itself not only by vegetative propagation but by seeds. both of hup and gri characterize with bigger leaf blade and with the approximate form of simple leaf, with root stock, and with two - line seeds in one fruit
2形態學比較從形態上來看，新種hup與分佈海拔高度相近的gri比較接近:植株體高大，果期株高50一7ocm ;都為多年生，能以其根狀
莖繁殖，但前者還以較為特殊的營養體繁殖後代，即倒伏后每個
莖節上長出新的根和芽，發育成獨立的新植株，後者既能以營養體繁殖，又可通過種子繁殖;具有較大的葉片且單葉形態相近，果實內有二行種子（其它種為一行） . 。
The leaf sheath enclosing the lowest two internodes should be stiff too
包裹最低兩個
莖節的葉鞘也應堅硬。
Clones obtained from shoot nodes of seedlings of simmondsia chinensis link jojoba and primary genetic analysis of their phenotypes
種子實生苗
莖節無性系建立及其遺傳差異
Increased nitrogen application which is essential for high yielding, causes elongation of the lower internodes, particularly the lowest two internodes, makes rice plants more susceptible to lodging
增施氮肥對高產十分必要，但它造成下部
莖節，尤其是最低兩個
莖節的伸長，使水稻植株容易倒伏。
Mean, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation of fourteen vital morphological characters indicated that great diversity existed either among species or among populations, with cv ranging from 28. 89 - 122. 36 % ( except dtm, which has a cv of 4. 72 % ). correlation analysis indicated that il showed a significant positive correlations with pfk ll and lw ( p < 0. 05 ), but a negative correlation with nm ( p < 0. 05 ). there were also strong positive correlations between each other of ll, lw, la and sw
相關分析表明，
節間長度與株高、葉長、葉寬呈顯著正相關，而與主
莖節數呈顯著負相關；葉長、葉寬、葉面積、千粒重四個性狀相互之間存在極顯著正相關；干重和單株種子產量兩者之間存在極顯著正相關；出苗率與千粒重之間存在顯著負相關；生長習性與分枝數之間存在顯著正相關；全生育天數與生長習性之間存在顯著負相關。
Their flowers and fruits were removed in this experiment to enhance them to take branch roots on the stems, and then the branch roots were used as materials. five mitosis metaphase cells, with their chromosomes well scattered, were counted. chromosome number of hup is 2x = 24, and its karyotype formula is 2n = 2x = 24 = 8m + 12sm + 4st, being to " 3b " of stebbins
本實驗採取去其花、果實，促其
莖節上長側根的辦法，以其側根為實驗材料，統計了5個分散較好的有絲分裂中期細胞，其染色體數目為2x = 24 ，核型公式為2n = 2x = 24 = 8m + 12sm + 4st ，核型類型為3b型。
Maize varieties with different digestive rate were analyzed, and it was proved that the dry matter decomposability rate of the stem and leaf in 2 ( superscript nd ) and 3 ( superscript rd ) node above the ear were markedly correlated to the dry matter decomposability rate of the whole plant, whereas less or no correlation between the dry matter decomposability rate and the carbohydrate content of different nodes to that of the whole plant was found
摘要對不同玉米品種莖節消化性狀進行了分析，從不同莖節莖、葉、莖葉的干物分解率和糖分含量與全莖葉干物分解率的相關性看，雌穗著生節向上和向下2 ~ 3節位的莖、莖葉與全莖葉干物分解率呈高度相關，不同節位葉的干物分解率、糖分含量與全莖葉干物分解率之間相關較低或無相關性。
