表型方差量 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [biǎoxíngfāngchāliáng]
表型方差量 英文
phenotypic variance
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 方 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方形; 方體） square 2 [數學] （乘方） involution; power 3 （方向） direction 4 （方面） ...
  • 差 : 差Ⅰ名詞1 （不相同; 不相合） difference; dissimilarity 2 （差錯） mistake 3 [數學] （差數） differ...
  • 量 : 量動1. （度量） measure 2. （估量） estimate; size up
  1. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed

    研究結果如下：首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵，對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價，提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集；初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律，進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎；發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象，對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物，通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決；研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段，這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系，是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎；像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響，是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型，並分析了模型的適用性。
  2. It was suggested that eric - pcr could substitute for rapd in research related to the genetic identification and genetic diversity in auricularia and other edible and medicinal fungi : 2 to a certain extent, genetic differences among auricularia strains tested in this study did not have necessary relativity with their geographical origins respectively ; 3 in this study, genetic diversity in a. polytricha was higher than that in a. auricula : 4 in this study, a. fuscosuccinea had a higher homology to a. auricula than to a. polytricha ; 5 morphological characteristics validated the results from eric - pcr and provided a potential explanation for the higher similarity coefficient between a. auricular and a. fuscosuccinea ; 6 southern hybridization was employed by choosing a strain from a. auricula as a probe which hybridized with a. auricula and a. fuscosuccinea except a. polytricha, further confirming the veracity of the results from eric - pcr ; 7 in this study, isozyme analysis could not cluster the 7 strains from three auricularia species to different groups efficiently ; 8 2 strains from two auricularia species revealed high conservative degree and the restriction fragment patterns by 4 kinds of restricted enzymes showed no diversity

    本研究中，木耳屬2個種的2個菌株在its區域表現出較高的保守性， 4種限制型內切酶的酶切圖譜沒有顯示出多態性；增加內切酶種類及供試菌株數量，有可能獲得具有多態性的限制性內切酶酶切圖譜； 9本實驗中， its區域的真菌特異性引物與真核生物通用引物對于擴增效果無較大差異，擴增片段長度均為650bp左右； 10根據形態學實驗、 eric - pcr實驗以及southern雜交實驗的結果分析，紫木木耳屬種質資源的遺傳鑒定和遺傳多樣性評價耳極有可能是毛木耳種的一個變種; n .本研究中所用的gutc法是一種適用於木耳屬菌株基因組洲a快速提取的方法; 12 .傳統的形態學分類法和現代的分子生物學分類法，兩者的關系是相輔相成，互為驗證
  3. Emphatically, this paper discusses the pattern of signal and antenna radiation of the system, the design principles and technologies of audio - generator and monitor, and the modification of measurement deviation. through special tests and aviate experiments, it has been proved that the performance of the domesticalized system is better than of the initial system

    文中重點分析了俄制分米波儀表著陸系統的信號格式和天線輻射場型，著重闡述了系統中音頻信號產生器和監測器的設計原理和實現技術，對信號檢測中的測量誤差進行了分析並設計了有效的修正方法。
  4. Estimators of penalized least square for parametric regression and vectors and spline function can be got by compiled program

    模擬計算表明，該方法適合於回歸函數模型誤差與測量系統誤差的估計。
  5. The equations of the mean value functions and the covariance functions are established for dynamical systems whose inputs are fuzzy stochastic processes. an existence and uniqueness theorem of ito fuzzy stochastic differential equations is proved, some explicit representations of solutions and the equations of statistical characteristics are deduced for linear fuzzy stochastic differential equations, and numerical methods to nonlinear fuzzy stochastic differential equations are proposed, the conditions for stability and observability of fuzzy linear systems are derived. the kalman filter algorithms of linear fuzzy stochastic systems are brought forward

    主要成果包括：提出了模糊隨機變量協方差和反向協方差的概念；研究了二階模糊隨機變量的均方收斂性，並在此基礎上得到了均方模糊隨機分析、平穩模糊隨機過程及其譜分解的若干定理；根據均方模糊隨機分析理論，得到了輸入為模糊隨機過程的線性系統的輸出輸入統計特徵關系方程；證明了ito型模糊隨機微分方程解的存在唯一性，並給出了ito型線性模糊隨機微分方程解的表達式，統計特徵方程以及非線性模糊隨機微分方程的數值解法；得到了模糊線性系統的穩定性和可觀性條件、線性模糊隨機系統統計特徵方程和線性模糊隨機系統的kalman濾波演算法；研究了當觀測值是模糊數據時，線性回歸模型的建立。
  6. The improvements in the iaga contained adding strengthen operator, improving evaluation index of premature, etc. multi - phase homing project, making use of the flight properties of parafoil system in gliding and turning, was simple in control and facile in practice. based on frenet frame, the linear time - variable error equations of parafoil system were built

    基於frenet坐標系推導和建立了翼傘系統線性時不變的誤差方程，並運用「投影點」的思想來獲得frenet坐標系下偏差量的解析近似表達式，從而設計了用於翼傘系統航跡跟蹤的傳統pd控制器和增益調節型模糊pd控制器。
  7. Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements

    利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大
  8. The research on autonomous navigation and orbital keeping technology of geosynchronous satellites : selecting position vector in the inertia space and longitude, latitude, radial errors in the hill equation as state variables, the precision of orbit determination caused by track dynamic model error, sampling period, and sensor measurement and install error is analyzed

    同步衛星自主導航與軌道保持技術研究：分別選取慣性空間位置矢量和採用hill方程表示的經、緯、向徑誤差作為狀態量，分析軌道動力學模型誤差、采樣周期以及敏感器測量、安裝等誤差對定軌精度的影響。
  9. The fourth chapter " reseach on fractai structure of stock price " anaiyzed the fractai structure of stock price, deduced the investment function, caiculated the hurst exponent, 3 correlation dimension, and max lyaponov exponent, analyzed the self - similarity, long range dependence, circulation period of stock price and sensitivity of stock price to the initial value, suggested took the exponent characterize fractal instead of variance as instrument to measure risk

    第四章分析並檢驗了股票市場的分形混沌特徵，推導了投資函數，計算了表徵股票市場分形特徵的hurst指數，關聯維和最大lyapunov指數，分析了股票價格的自相似性、長期記憶和循環周期，分析了股票價格的波動對初始條件的敏感性，提出中國股票市場具有混沌分形的特性，用傳統的方差法度量股票風險是無效的，必須使用混沌分析能夠理論來刻畫股票收益的風險，建立收益模型。
  10. The impacts of soil and water conservation on river flow and soil - hydrology of jia - lu - he, tu - wei - he, pian - guan - he and qiu - shui - he catchments have been analyzed by the simulation and on - spot measuring methods according to data of during 1950 ' s to 1990 ' s. the selected catchments of the above four all are in the key area of soil and water conservation on the loess pleatu. the main results are as follows. the trend, reasons and critical year of annual river flow " change have been researched by rank correlation and maximum deviation division

    本文以黃土高原水土保持重點區的佳蘆河、禿尾河、偏關河和湫水河等四條流域為代表，採用定量與定性、模型模擬與實測對比相結合的方法，系統分析了上世紀50 90年代時段內水土保持對河川徑流及土壤水文的影響，取得主要結果如下：採用秩相關和極差分割等定量評價方法，分析了四條支流徑流量變化趨勢、變化原因及發生明顯變化的臨界年份。
  11. An on - line minimum - variance estimator was developed for thrust acceleration applied to orbit transfer using discrete - time radar measurements. the mass - flow - rate of propellant was selected as a state variant, which was estimated by employing an integral state model and ekf filter. the variation equations for measurement vector to mass - flow - rate have been established to linearize the discrete - time measurement equations. the algorithm has applied successfully to maneuver process in commanding satellite into geo - stationary orbit. the results show that the algorithm developed here can monitor and determine whether engine works well or failure precisely and quickly during orbit transfer process

    飛行器軌道機動過程中，為跟蹤、定位機動目標和干預機動控制過程，需要統計處理離散的雷達觀測量實時估計推進發動機的推力，進而確定飛行器的瞬時軌道參數.本文所述演算法是該工程問題的探討和解決方案.文章建立了軌道機動過程中連續變質量運動模型和離散雷達量測模型，推進發動機的質量秒耗量作為表徵推力加速度的一個近似常量，應用擴展卡爾曼濾波對離散的雷達測量數據進行順序統計處理給出秒耗量的最小方差估計;文章詳細地推導了線性化量測模型的變分方程和觀測矩陣;模擬結果表明該演算法能快速、準確地估計推進發動機的質量秒耗量和向機動目標施加的實際推力
  12. A developed simple m - s model for image segmentation in geometric active contour model is presented based on intra - region similar and inter - region dissimilar properties. the model constructs an energy ( cost ) function, which is made of intra - region variations and weighting squares of subtraction of region mean values. using gradient - descent methods, the energy function is minimized and we get a curve evolution equation that segments image

    基於區域內一致性加權區域間差異性構造能量函數，利用最陡梯度法使能量函數最小化，提出了一種改進的簡化mumford - shah （ m - s ）圖像分割模型，該模型利用區域內方差描述區域內一致性，區域間平均灰度值之差的平方描述區域間差異性，實驗結果表明，通過調節加權系數，該模型對弱邊界圖像分割具有較強的適應性。
  13. Results show that relative standard deviation ( rsd ) of prediction value will become larger from 2. 5 % to 4. 72 % with energy decreasing form 100 % to 18 %. it is demonstrated that energy will not significantly affect predictive power by analysis of variance, because 3 samples f - value is 1. 62, 3. 02 and 2. 23 that all less than critical value f0. 05 = 3. 35

    不同能量下的預測值與化學值相關直線的t檢驗（ = 0 . 05 ）表明各相關直線均無顯著性差異；模型預測值的方差分析（ = 0 . 05 ）表明儀器能量變化並不會使未知樣品預測值產生顯著性差異。
  14. Abstract : for high arch dams in valleys with the characteristics of high water head, large discharge and large power, the problems of energy dissipation and scour prevention are serious. based on scientific studies, new comprehensive measures are proposed, including dispersion of discharge to waken wallop of the current, and reinforcement of riverbed to enhance the erosion - resistance. the measures can be used to solve the problem of energy dissipation properly. a typical layout scheme has been proposed in which slotted bucket with diversion teeth, double deck with pores, and cushion pool are considered practice has proved that the scheme is reliable and the effect of energy dissipation is obvious

    文摘:高拱壩泄洪消能的特點是壩高落差大，流量大，功率大，位於河谷狹窄地區，泄洪消能與防沖問題突出.經科學研究，採用「分散泄洪，削弱水流沖擊力，加固河床，增強河道抗沖能力」的綜合治理措施，較好地解決泄洪消能布置問題.提出了表孔大差動坎加分流齒、雙層多孔、水流撞擊、下設水墊塘聯合消能的典型布置方案，經實踐證明，方案可靠，消能效果好
  15. Then, this paper empirically tested the validation and predictive accuracy of different var risk management model in the domestic financial market. finally, with the analysis of modem financial risk management development trend and the current domestic financial risk management situation, this paper made a prospect for the application of this model in the construction of domestic financial risk management system. through the analysis, the main conclusions are as follows : ( l ) the traditional mean - variance model is the special example of the portfolio selection based on the var risk management model for the case that the returns of the portfolio are assumed to be normally distributed ; compared with the mean - variance model, the var risk management model is more comprehensive and accurate in the measurement of the portfolio risk, so based on the var model, the investors can allocate the asset more effectively. ( 2 ) the var risk management model can provide the timely and comprehensive risk information for the top risk manager, so it is very helpful to the improvement of total risk management efficiency. ( 3 ) based on the var model, the raroc performance valuation approach can reflect the real performance of the portfolio manager and provide the coherent standard for the allocation of risk limitation and the construction of the incentive compatibility constraint mechanism in the financial instiutions

    通過研究分析，本文主要得出如下結論： （ 1 ）傳統的markowitz均值? ?方差模型僅僅是在資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於var風險管理模型進行資產組合選擇的特例，與均值? ?方差模型中的方差風險度量方法相比， var風險管理模型能夠更全面、更貼切地衡量資產組合的風險，且基於此模型能夠更有效地進行資產配置決策； （ 2 ） var風險管理模型能夠滿足更高層次風險管理者對風險信息的需求，有助於整體風險管理效率的提高； （ 3 ）基於var風險管理模型的raroc績效評價能夠反映資產組合管理人的真實業績，從而為金融機構風險限額的分配和激勵約束機制的制定提供統一的標準； （ 4 ）國內證券市場資產組合收益率服從正態分佈的假設明顯不成立，實證檢驗表明基於資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下的方差? ?協方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測存在較大的偏差，由於文中證明在收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於方差? ?協方差模型進行資產組合選擇的結果等價于markowitz的均值? ?方差模型，因此，均值? ?方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測同樣會存在著較大的偏差，而半參數var風險管理模型則能夠取得較好的預測衡量效果； （ 5 ） var風險管理模型符合未來金融風險管理的發展趨勢，基於var風險管理模型建立內容提要風險限額內控體系、風險信息披露體系和業績評價體系，並進行金融監管，將有助於國內金融機構內部風險管理方法和外部監管技術跟上國際金融風險管理的發展潮流。
  16. And then, adopting the same model, cyclic moment estimation statistic of different orders are constructed respectively, large sample variance expressions of the estimator through theoretic analysis are derived, as well as the constraint relation of estimator performance and noise statistical characteristic. the curve of estimation performance is obtained through monte carlo simulation test, which proves the related conclusion derived

    然後，論文同樣以加性和乘性噪聲聯合干擾下的復諧波信號和復線性調頻信號為觀測模型，分別構造了基於不同階次的循環矩估計量，從理論上推導出了估計量的大樣本方差表達式，分析了估計量性能與噪聲統計特性的約束關系，通過monte - carlo模擬試驗得到了估計性能的曲線，驗證了推導的有關結論。
  17. They can be used to assess or predict the reliability of corroded and cracked r. c. structures in marine environment. the stochastic model for assessment of chloride concentration in concrete is built by analyzing the stochastic process of chloride diffusion in concrete and taking account of the time variation of the diffusion coefficient

    通過分析氯離子在混凝土中擴散的隨機過程，把擴散系數作為隨時間變化的函數，將混凝土表面氯離子濃度、保護層厚度作為隨機變量，建立了預測混凝土保護層中氯離子濃度分佈的隨機模型，推導出了氯離子濃度的均值和方差。
  18. An ophthalmic excimer laser system used to correct wavefront aberration is presented. the conception and zernike representation of wavefront aberration of human eyes recommended by osa are introduced. the connection of wavefront aberration and ablation profile is analyzed and a model for calculating ablation profile to correct wavefront aberration is presented. because the ablation depth on the boundary is nonzero and irregular, we present a model for calculating ablation profile in a transition zone

    深入研究了準分子激光像差矯正系統，採用美國光學大會推薦的像差的定義、像差的zernike多項式表示方法，定量分析zernike多項式表示的像差與角膜切削量的關系，採用主觀式人眼像差儀測量像差，得出了像差矯正的角膜切削模型，並提出了一種採用過渡函數進行邊界切削的方法，用於可調的過渡區切削量的計算，為人眼單色像差的矯正提供了理論基礎。
  19. For power control of listening users, forward power control method are introduced based on full, multichannel, filtered report, and collision method etc. the full report method has redundancy report information, and its real - time performance is bad, multichannel report is introduced to improve the real - time performance, and filtered report is introduced to eliminate the redundancy information, finally the collision method introduced can not only get higher real - time performance but also diminish the redundancy information ; 2. in order to meet the requirements of making the dynamic simulation of trunking group system, the ms ’ s random move equation is brought forward, the simulation of ms ’ s distribution is done and the integrated channel model are presented ; 3. the smart predicative model of power control is introduced to overcome the delay and track the change of the complicated network, with this model, the power control ‘ s performance is greatly improved

    全匯報方法存在冗餘的匯報信息，而且實時性較差，為了改善實時性提出了多通道的匯報方式，為了改善冗餘匯報而提出了篩選法，最後介紹的碰撞法在減少冗餘信息的同時又提高了實時性;二、為了集群功率控制動態模擬的需要，提出了移動臺的隨機運動方程，進行了有關移動臺的分佈模擬，建立了綜合的通道模型;三、希望克服延時和跟蹤復雜網路環境變化，提出了功率控制的智能預測模型，通過智能預測模型可以改善功率控制的性能，著重介紹了採用神經網路的方法實現智能預測的通用模型，從而跟蹤復雜多變的無線環境，諸如慢衰落及快衰落（包括多徑衰落、多普勒效應所引起的衰落）等網路特徵，達到預測功率需求;四、採用二級正交碼和智能天線（空分多址）的方法進行組內用戶的識別，改進功率控制效果;五、話權用戶的前向和反向功率控制方法;六、對引入gota的cdma系統提出了復合容量表示方法，並作容量分析，探討有關gota系統的qos問題。
  20. Through manufacturing special pattern, using the variance analysis and range analysis of the orthogonal experiment, the effects of process parameters on prototyping size, form and position accuracy, surface roughness are discussed, the combination of process parameters are optimized, and the prototyping quality is greatly improved

    通過製作專門的樣件，採用正交實驗的方差、極差分析方法，討論了各工藝參數對成型件尺寸、形位精度和表面粗糙度的影響，並且優化了工藝參數的組合，大幅度改善了成型件質量。
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