表觀缺陷 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [biǎoguānquēxiàn]
表觀缺陷 英文
visual defects
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 觀 : 觀名詞1. （道教的廟宇） taoist temple2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 缺 : Ⅰ動詞1 （缺乏; 短少） be short of; lack 2 （殘缺） be missing; be incomplete 3 （該到而未到） be ...
  • 陷 : Ⅰ名詞1 （陷阱） pitfall; trap2 （缺點） defect; deficiency Ⅱ動詞1 （掉進） get stuck or bogged do...
  • 缺陷 : defect; fault; faultiness; vitium; lesion; flaw; disorder; imperfection; drawback; blemish
  1. The result of this paper were : 1 ) the market mircrostructure of chinese stock is ' nt market maker, two - part stock can n ' t circulate and the scale of current stock is small, so, filling right effect make dividend event do n ' t diluate the price, the stock price could n ' t reach optimal price ; 2 ) the meanings of bid - ask speed in chinese has been changed, did n ' t reflect the real trade cost, only reflect the possible trade cost, contained desire of price popple, din n ' t belong absolute liquidity again ; 3 ) turnover rate is a liquidity ' s index, speculation ' s index too, which can explain one side of liquidity, but this index is defective in chinese stock market ; 4 ) martin index was decrescent when dividend event occurred, display the liquidity of stock was improved, so, the martin index is compatible index to measure chinese stock liquidity ; 5 ) stock dividend event affect the liquidity in the stock dividend day, stock dividend event can n ' t dividend event in the bulletin day ; 6 ) the quantity stock dividend and trend of stock market was significant factors that affect the liquidity

    本研究的結論是： 1 ）中國股票市場的微觀交易結構並不是採取做市商制度，且2 3的股票不能流通，流通股規模很小，存在著股票股利事件后的快速「填權」效應，使股票價格快速回升，股票股利發放事件的稀釋價格作用無法發揮，也就無法達到「最適價格」 ； 2 ）中國股市的買賣價差的含義發生了變化，不再是實際交易成本的反映，只是可能交易成本的反映，因而很大程度上代表了股價的波動意願，並不具有完全意義上的流動性含義。 3 ）就換手率而言，它既是流動性的衡量指標，也是最常用的衡量投機性的指標。換手率指標只能說明流動性的一個側面，在中國衡量流動性是有缺陷的。
  2. Firstly, by numerical and theoretical analysis, the author compares some existent confidence intervals, for example, " exact " confidence interval, wald confidence interval and bayesian confidence interval, and finds some deficiencies points of the confidence intervals, whose modification version has been proposed. also, several better confidence intervals such as are also presented. secondly, for given confidence coefficient and interval width, the author constructs a class of asymptotical two - stage interval estimate procedures. at the same time, under varies restriction of confidence coefflcientent interval width, the optional sample size of the first stage has been computed by numerical computation. the numerical computation shows that the method considered in this dissertation have good properties and applied value

    同時，由於poisson分佈的特性，我們知道不存在其參數區間長度小於0 . 5的置信區間，基於這些情況，我們主要展開了以下兩個方面的研究：一是利用數值計算分析與理論分析的方法對現有的若干置信區間如「精確」置信區間， wald置信區間， bayes置信區間等進行分析比較，發現了一些缺陷，針對這些缺陷，我們進行適當的修正，並得到幾種性質較好的置信區間如：修正大樣本區間jeffreys原則下置信區間二是針對已給定的置信系數與區間長度，我們提出了一種漸近的兩階段區間估計程序，並利用數值計算的方法，在各種置信系數與區間長度限定下，算出了最優的第一階段觀測次數（抽樣量） ，大量數據表明，本文考慮的方法性態良好，具有應用價值。
  3. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  4. According to the standpoint of historical materialism, the article explains the intention of interest, discusses the conception of contradiction of benefit, analyzes the forms of the conflicts of social stratum in modern china, and points out that the roots of social stratum contradiction the unequaled system. then the paper proves how to coordinate the conflicts, such as the one between high - paid class and low - paid class, working class and propertied class and administrative class and non - administrative class. based on " three representatives " thought

    本文堅持歷史唯物主義觀點，闡述了利益內涵，界定利益矛盾概念，分析當代中國社會階層間利益矛盾的主要表現形式，指出當前中國社會階層利益矛盾根源在於現階段社會各階層利益與利益實現方式之間的矛盾，即根源於制度的缺陷，它是由社會各階層利益實現方式的不合理性引起的不同利益主體在利益實現過程中彼此間的利益矛盾激化的結果。
  5. They are combination of co - transfection with rhe and gfp expressing plasmids, co - transfection with rhc and gfp expressing plasmids and co - transfection with plasmids rhe and rhc and gfp expressing plasmids at the same time. whichever the combination may be, we always observed the phenomena of chromatin bridge in co - transfected cells. these results indicate that the phenomena of chromatin bridge should be the characteristic feature of deficiency in the human smc subunits

    這時，存在三種可能的情況，即共轉染rhe和pedna3 . 1 * kc 、共轉染rhc和pedna3 . 1 + kg 、共轉染rhe和rhc和pc洲a3 . 1 + kg ，但都觀察到明顯的染色質橋現象，進一步證明這種表型是人集縮素中smc亞基的缺陷的特徵表型。
  6. Under the complex loadings, the surface flaws of large complex structures and the original defects of materials would initiate the propagation of micro three - dimensional ( 3d ) cracks, and result in catastrophic accidents. for the limitations of the traditional theories of two - dimensional cracks, the safety of actual structures containing 3d cracks cannot be guaranteed completely without the out - of - plane stress constraint

    復雜應力作用下，宏觀復雜結構表面加工質量和材料本身固有缺陷以及外來損傷等會引起三維裂紋的萌生、擴展，最終導致災難性的破壞，而傳統二維裂紋理論在解決實際三維裂紋問題時出現不足，無法完全保障結構安全。
  7. According to the situation request, we combine with the fact on the railway for the time being, raised the whole views and suggestions to the railway improvement, the first : to realise railway shareholding entreprises is the basic way of railway improvement winder the public ownership circumstance, the second : it is gotton the whole locatim to the function of ministery of rail ways, railway bureau. the branch of railway bureau and the units of railway department, it is designed the whole developing frame that the funtion of ministry of railways is macro - controler, the railway bureau or its branch is management substance which ouur legal qualifaction the unit of railway department is the basic product unit, the third : it describes kinds of faults on the present four level management, and tolal the data auording to the fact

    根據形勢要求，結合目前鐵路的實際情況，對當今鐵路的改革提出了整體的看法和建議：第一、實現鐵路企業股份制是公有制條件下鐵路改革的根本出路；第二、對鐵道部、鐵路局、鐵路分局、基層站段的功能給予了整體的定位；設計了鐵道部的功能是宏觀調控者，鐵路局或分局為法人代表的經營實體，基礎站段為生產基本單位的整體改革框架；第三、對目前四級管理體制的種種缺陷作了描述，並根據實際情況進行了數據統計。
  8. The paper is divided into three parts, demonstrating the status, weaknesses and development of the legislation against money laundering crimes. in the first part, the author makes an objective analysis of the status of the legislation against money laundering crimes in china. due to different legislative tradition and practice, countries differ in how to define money laundering crimes

    針對洗錢罪的刑事立法缺陷，筆者從犯罪構成的角度出發，遵循全面履行國際法義務、借鑒與吸收、取長補短、講求立法技術的原則，提出擴大洗錢罪上游犯罪的范圍、將原生本犯納入洗錢罪主體、將洗錢罪主觀方面的「明知」表述為「明知或者應當知道」 、增設洗錢罪的實行行為方式等立法建議。
  9. These defects in crystal can be explained by the instability of the growth and cooling, etc. another factor is the high viscosity in this system, xrd indicated that most of the inclusion was flux

    通過對晶體表面缺陷的觀察與分析認為，晶體裂縫、生長丘、生長臺階及包裹物等缺陷與生長條件和工藝密切相關。
  10. While applying fundamental theories in specific research on the change of china ' s farmland property rights system and the innovation thereon, the author analyzes the present household responsibility system, pointing out its objectively existing defects, such as the subject of the ownership is not clear, the ownership of the farmland is incomplete, the peasant household ' s contract rights is not stable, the farmland property rights is short of legal protection, etc. it is also accentuated in the thesis that these defects have harmful effects on utilization of farmland, management behavior, agricultural production as well as social economy. they are reflected in the following aspects : the oversmall scale and scattered management of farmland, the multiple - industrial and short - termed peasant household ' s management behavior, the slow shift of the surplus labor, etc

    指出了其客觀存在的所有權主體不明、農地產權殘缺、農戶承包權不穩定、農地產權缺乏法制保護的缺陷，並說明了農地產權制度存在缺陷的情況下對農戶的土地使用、經營行為、農業生產乃至社會經濟發展所造成的不利影響，表現在：農地的超小規模分散經營、農產經營行為的兼業化、短期化、剩餘勞動力轉移緩慢等等；同時
  11. In the market economy, because of being influenced by the inherent blemish of the market mechanism and part condition, market will be failure in many realms ; the macroscopic is failure, and the performance is balance of the total supply and demand ; the public product is failure, and the performance is the balance the public section, for example the municipal developments, ecosystem and environmental protection etc. fair competition is out of order, and the performance is the monopoly that there is only one or several supplier in the market

    在市場經濟中，由於市場機制內在的缺陷和局部條件的影響，市場在很多領域都會出現失靈：宏觀性失靈，表現為總供求關繫上的失衡；公共性失靈，表現在市政建設、生態環保等公共部門的產品失衡；公平競爭失靈表現在，市場上的幾家或獨家供應商的壟斷；外在性失靈，表現在市場主體的活動給外部帶來損失，造成社會成本大於私人成本；分配性失靈，單純依靠市場機制的自發作用難以實現完全公正的收入分配等等。
  12. In this project we use etching method x - ray transmission and tem observe and study the form mechanism of cell structure and linear structure ; use sem observe cell structure directly and evaluate effect to the electrical properties of substrate ; at last, use high resolution tem and eds to observe and identify the nature of microdefects

    發現幾乎所有高位錯密度的si - gaas單晶的表層都具有網路狀胞狀結構或系屬結構，首次對該胞狀結構和系屬結構的形成機制進行了研究；直接觀察微缺陷，配合eds （能量色散譜）鑒定si - gaas中微缺陷的物理本質，同時分析其產生原因，討論與位錯的相互作用。
  13. Observation on the variation of surface morphology during the etching process indicates that the grain boundary and te precipitates will be shown earlier than the dislocations

    本文研究了晶片的腐蝕過程，觀察隨腐蝕程度的逐漸加深，晶片表面缺陷蝕坑形貌的變化。
  14. The main work lists as following : 1 on the condition that cfrc is an macroscopically isotropic material, the governing equations of electric and thermal conduction for the inspection were established ; the current density and joule heat distribution around several kinds of flaws were investigated 2 by fem, the process of inspection was simulated ; the current density, joule heat and temperature distribution were also investigated, and the simulation results were contrasted with experimental data

    主要工作為： 1 、將機敏混凝土合理假定為宏觀各向同性材料的基礎上，建立了檢測過程中的熱、電傳導相關的控制方程；並研究了幾種不同缺陷周圍檢測過程中的電流密度、焦耳熱分佈規律。 2 、通過有限元方法對機敏混凝土的電熱場進行了模擬分析，研究電流密度、焦耳熱分佈及試件表面溫度分佈變化規律並與實驗所得試件表面溫度場進行了對比分析研究。
  15. It shows that at the stress concentration zone, changes of mfl were relatively weak with slight deformation of the specimens. with the deforming to plastic and further the changing of mfl exhibits more distinct, and when necking emerging a very intensive change takes place. it is indicated that magnetic memory effect is related to the microstructure of the material

    經分析認為，磁記憶信號的這種變化與材料內部微觀組織的狀態有關，試件變形很小時，磁彈性效應對試件表面泄漏磁場的變化起主要作用;試件變形較大時，其表面泄漏磁場的變化主要受塑性變形區內位錯聚集產生的微缺陷的影響。
  16. The samples were characterized contrastively by sem, tem, saed, positron annihilate and the different mechanism for two methods were preliminarily discussed. the experimental results showed that nano - cuo prepared by sol - gel method was spherical, which was agglomerated badly and can aging easily. however, nano - cuo prepared by pressure - hydrothermal method has loose and thin - piece appearance structure

    結果表明，溶膠-凝膠法制得的氧化銅粉末呈類球形，團聚嚴重，易老化；而壓力-熱液法制得的氧化銅具有疏鬆的、薄片狀的外觀結構，粒子厚度約為20nm ，分散性較好、抗老化能力強；壓力-熱液法制備的氧化銅比溶膠-凝膠法制備的氧化銅缺陷濃度小。
  17. Secondly, both their parents and their custodians are outdated in educational concept and simple in educational methods. thirdly, the absence of the father ' s role makes them premature, anxiety and insecure. fourthly, the psychological and behavioral tendency of strong inferiority complex affects their identity and evaluation of themselves in school and family

    家庭方面，由於家庭教育「量」的減少，教育力量過于分散；父母及代養人教育觀念落後、教育方法簡單；父親教育角色「淡出」等缺陷，使得留守子女表現出過早成熟、焦慮和不安全感、強烈的自卑感等行為和心理傾向，影響到他們的自我認同和評價。
  18. Firstly, the part reveals the flaw in value if the doctrine is applied to movable property - not only confining autonomy of private law, but also sacrificing the efficiency of transaction. it reveals that formalism creates a concept of consignation in notion just to defend its tradition and avoid the flaw in value, and thereafter preserve the lie that the doctrine of publicity applies to both movable and unmovable property perfectly in form

    首先，該部分揭示了如在動產領域奉行公示原則會產生的價值缺陷? ?不僅僅限制了私法自治，還犧牲了交易的效率;揭露了形式主義理論為避免價值缺陷而又能固守自己的傳統而臆造觀念交付概念，以維持公示原則對動產和不動產在表面上完整適用的謊言。
  19. This paper. firstly, analyses the present situation and objective correlative and harm of the inauthenticity of accounting information through real datum and cases. secondly, based the formation motivation and mechanism in principle, the paper indicates the insufficiency about property rights structure, corporate governance structure, control, punishment and theirs influence on the quality of accounting information. finally, drawing experience and lessons from some developed countries, it makes point that includes institutional innovation of property rights and corporate governance, ruling by law, enforcing fidelity with education

    首先，本文通過客觀的數據與現實的案例，對會計信息失真的現狀、具體表現及其危害性進行分析；其次，從理論上研究其形成的動因和機制，並據此說明有關上市公司產權結構、治理結構、監督機制、懲罰機制等幾個方面的缺陷與不足及其對會計信息質量的影響；最後，在借鑒美國、日本、德國等經濟發達國家的經驗教訓的基礎上，相應地提出了產權結構制度創新、治理結構制度創新、完善社會機制系統、依法而治及加強誠信教育等治理對策。
  20. Passivation on the surface of nanocrystalline zno was responsible for an energy potential high enough to prevent surface states trapping the electrons or holes photogenerated, it should block the pathway to form the luminescence centers as the vo * * and [ vo *, electron ] or [ vo * *, two electrons ] complex. a new visible luminescence mechanism was presented

    納米氧化鋅（ zno ）表面的鈍化實際上是在氧化鋅（ zno ）的核和表面之間形成了大的勢壘阻止表面缺陷捕獲光生電子或光生空穴形成發光中心vo * *和[ vo * ， electron ]或[ vo * * ， twoelectrons ]復合體，同時，提出了一種新的可見發光機制，很好地解釋了實驗中觀察到的現象。
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