表面加熱率 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [biǎomiànjiārèlǜ]
表面加熱率
英文
surface heat rate-
Reducing the surface emissivity of a clothing ensemble is not in fact a very effective way of increasing its thermal insulation.
事實上減少整套服裝的表面發射率並不是增加其隔熱性能的最有效途徑。Through the special studies on impacts to atomizing and humidifying effect from such factors as the firing pin type, centrifugal structure, higher spraying pressure, less aperture, initial water temperature and original state of the air, some conclusions are obtained, such as : the centrifugal nozzle with firing pin type, high pressure and little aperture has bigger air eddy and atomizing angle. the spaying liquid has high velocity. the droplet is small, and the heat and mass transfer velocity is high
通過對撞針型結構、離心式結構、較高的噴水壓力、較小的噴嘴孔徑、噴水初溫及待加濕空氣初狀態對霧化加濕效果的作用原理的重點分析，得到：撞針型高壓小孔徑離心式噴嘴具有較大的空氣渦與霧化角，噴出的液體流速高、液滴小、水與空氣傳熱傳質速率高，撞針型結構提高了霧化加濕效率，高壓小孔徑的特點為霧化加濕提供了較大的能量，而噴水初溫的升高會減小水的粘性力和表面張力，從而優化加濕效果。Induction heated oil tempered spring wire is a kind of new technical material which has been developed since 1980s. it can be heated by means of eddy induced into itself through electromagnetic coil and this method is mainly used in surface quenching. with correct designing and reasonable current frequency, induction coil and heat treatment process selected, as well as plc controlling applied, the wire can be uniform heated along cross - sectional and longitudinal direction and can be quenched and tempered continuously
應加熱油淬火-回火彈簧鋼絲，是二十世紀八十年代發展起來的新技術材料，在國外稱為itw induction heat oil tempered spring wire 。是通過線圈電磁感應鋼絲本身產生的渦流進行加熱，通常主要用於表面淬火。經正確設計，選擇電流頻率，合理的感應線圈及熱處理工藝，並實施plc控制，可使鋼絲整個截面及長度上得到均勻加熱，進行連續整體淬火和回火。It has low power and can defrost or heat in the refrigerator and expositing cabinet. both the ends of the heater adopt the imported resin glue and vulcanizate for seal ment and high ni - cr stainless steel as the case. it has good corrosive resisting performance and the insulation resistance is still more than 1000 after immersing in the water and being electrified for a long time
本加熱器的特點為表面功率較小，在冰箱，展示櫃中起加熱化霜作用。電熱管兩端採用進口樹脂膠及硫化橡膠封口，外殼採用高鎳鉻不銹鋼，具有很好的耐腐蝕性能產品經長時間浸入水中通電試驗，其絕緣電阻仍1000m 。The results indicated that the dimension, shape and purity of base material could meet the functional demand of solid lubricant ; the thermal decomposition temperature of ptfe resin exceeds 400 c, but organic and inorganic packing filler added in ptfe made the water absorption rate of composite material increased, melting temperature and decomposition temperature decreased, in the meanwhile oxidative decomposition reaction was accompanied ; polar groups such as c = o, c - o - c and so on in the carbon fiber surface is advantageous to increase compatibility with other components and interlayer shearing strength ; uniform design experimental method could help to find the relationship between formula and frictional property by relatively small tests. the developing trend of each formula ' s friction coefficient could be showed by fitting curve ; the friction coefficient with no copper powder or graphite in formula was relatively big. this fact showed that copper powder and graphite should be used cooperatively ; it was found that when the ratio of copper powder to graphite by weight is 15 : 60, 30 : 30 - 40 and 60 : 15 - 30 respectively, the friction coefficient was relatively small. the degree of crystallinity of pure ptfe reached maximum by air cooling and the abrasion loss also reached maximum among three ones ; at the same time, the abrasion loss of solid lubricant sample was also the biggest among three ones ; when solid lubricant matched with 45 # steel axle or gcrl5 steel axle, lubricant transfer film could be formed on metal surface, thus direct contact between the surface of metal friction pair rings was reduced. their working life was elongated extremely ; there was mainly much graphite, a little ptff, moo3, feso4, cus and so on in lubricant transfer film
試驗結果表明：所選原料的尺寸、形狀及純度可滿足固體潤滑劑的性能要求；聚四氟乙烯樹脂熱分解溫度超過400 ，但在ptfe中加入無機填料會使復合材料吸水率提高，熔融溫度及分解溫度降低，且伴有氧化分解反應；碳纖維表面含有c = o及c - o - c等極性基團，有利於提高其與其它組分的相容性，提高層間剪切強度；均勻設計試驗方法能夠用較少的試驗次數找出配方與摩擦性能間的關系，擬合曲線基本能表示各配方的摩擦系數發展趨勢；配方中不加銅粉或不加石墨，其摩擦系數均較高，說明銅粉和石墨應該配合使用；當銅粉15份、石墨60份時，銅粉30份、石墨30 - 40份時，銅粉60 、石墨15 - 30份時，摩擦系數均具有較低值；純聚四氟乙烯樹脂在空氣冷卻時結晶度最大，磨損量也是三者中最大的；同時，固體潤滑劑試樣在空氣冷卻時的磨損量也是三者中最大的：不論是固體潤滑劑與45 #鋼軸配副或是固體潤滑劑鑲嵌入銅套后與gcr15鋼軸配副，在金屬表面均可形成潤滑轉移膜，從而減少金屬摩擦副表面間的直接接觸，大大延長其使用壽命;轉移膜中主要含有較多的石墨、少量聚四氟乙烯、 moo 。Abstract : based on the analysis of influence of tubular rib construction on heat transfer area on steel blank and heat transfer space in furnace, a t - shape support system for tubular rib is presented, by which the construction of wholly overhead furnace hearth can be realized for large and medium scale continuous reheating furnaces, making furnace gases to come into full contact with steel blank, raising space utilization ratio of furnace chamber and improving heat exchange
文摘:分析了爐筋管結構形式對傳熱空間、坯料受熱面積的影響；提出採用t形支撐技術優化爐筋管，可實現大、中型連續加熱爐的全架空爐底，使爐氣與坯料表面充分接觸，提高爐膛空間利用率，可較大幅度提高爐膛熱交換。Test results indicated : with the hoist of altitude, the increase of ice amount and the rise of pollutant, the average flashover voltage reduced. the character exponent generally depends on the insulator profile, ice amount, ice state and pollution severity etc. by means of a high - speed camera, a data acquisition system and high voltage test facilities, a series of the flashover processes on ice surfaces were record. the experimental results form this study and the subsequent theoretical analyses suggested : the thermal ionization of the air in front of an arc root resulted in arc movement ; the electrostatic force had an auxiliary effect of impelling arc propagation ; the electrical
通過對攝像機、數據採集系統及高壓試驗裝置記錄覆冰絕緣子表面閃絡電弧的發展過程的試驗結果進行理論分析得出：弧根周圍空氣的熱電離導致了電弧的發展，靜電場力對電弧的發展起到了加速作用，電擊穿僅發生在閃絡最終的跳躍階段；通過測量閃絡過程中的放電電壓、泄漏電流、閃絡時間、覆冰水電導率、電弧長度及電弧半徑等參數，得到了不同階段電弧（電弧起弧階段、電弧發展階段及完全閃絡）的發展速度、臨界電弧長度均隨覆冰水電導率的增加而減小。And the results of calculation and numerical simulation indicate, without increasing the intrinsic collector - junction area of power devices, collector - combed structure helps to raise the intrinsic heat - dissipating area and base ' s perimeter, improve heat - dissipating method of each cell of the chip, enhance the distribution uniformity of junction temperature and current of each cell of the chip, reduce the thermal resistance and raise the dissipation power pd and output power p0, fairly well relax the contradiction among frequency, out - put power and dissipation power of the devices, and further improve the devices " property against second breakdown
而計算分析和二維數值模擬分析結果表明：梳狀集電結（基區）結構在不增加器件本徵集電結面積的條件下，增大了器件的本徵散熱面積和基區周長，改進了每個子器件單元內的散熱方式，提高了單元內結溫和電流分佈的均勻性，降低了器件的熱阻，增大了器件的耗散功率和輸出功率，較好地緩解了目前傳統結構中頻率與功率、功耗的矛盾，並有利於改善器件抗二次擊穿的性能。Coil tightly the stainless steel radiator wing around the electric heating pipe to enlarge the radiating area of the heating tube surface and the heater radiates more quickly, have higher heat use rate and the power density of the heater will be improved. structure sketch
分體機用翅片加熱器，是電加熱管上緊密繞制不銹鋼散熱翅片，它增大了加熱器表面的散熱面積，使加熱器散熱更快，熱利用率更高。The laser heats up the diamond and causes the temperature rises on the surface of diamond film. at the different temperature, the different physical and chemic change will happen. the rules of the laser ablating diamond were researched by experiment
從激光加熱和熱傳導的理論出發，研究了激光傳熱及其在金剛石表面引起的溫度分佈情況，以及在不同的溫度和激光功率下，金剛石膜發生的不同的物理和化學變化。Abstract : the in servie tubular heaters built early in refineries and chemical plans have low thermal load and low heat efficiency, therefore measures for technical reform are offered, including ( 1 ) enlarging the surface area of convection tubes to increase the thermal load of rhe convection section ; ( 2 ) increasign the heat interchanging area of radiant tubes ; ( 3 ) changing the height of the chimney ; ( 4 ) using new burner with forced air supply to increase calorific capacityu ; ( 5 ) adding air preheater between the convection section and chimney to enhence the temperature of the air entering the furnace ; ( 6 ) adopting high temperature radiant coating to improve the effect of radiant heat interchanging
文摘:針對早期建造的煉油廠和化工廠在役管式加熱爐熱負荷和熱效率低的狀況，提出了若干技術改造措施包括，增大對流管表面積以增大對流段的熱負荷；增加輻射管的換熱面積；修正煙囪高度；換用新型燃燒器，變自然通風為強制供風，以增大燃燒器的發熱量，減小過剩空氣系數，節省燃料2 % 3 % ；在對流段和煙囪之間增設空氣預熱器以提高空氣入爐溫度；採用高溫輻射塗料增強輻射換熱效果，從而增加熱源對爐壁的輻射傳熱量和爐管的傳熱量等。The in servie tubular heaters built early in refineries and chemical plans have low thermal load and low heat efficiency, therefore measures for technical reform are offered, including ( 1 ) enlarging the surface area of convection tubes to increase the thermal load of rhe convection section ; ( 2 ) increasign the heat interchanging area of radiant tubes ; ( 3 ) changing the height of the chimney ; ( 4 ) using new burner with forced air supply to increase calorific capacityu ; ( 5 ) adding air preheater between the convection section and chimney to enhence the temperature of the air entering the furnace ; ( 6 ) adopting high temperature radiant coating to improve the effect of radiant heat interchanging
針對早期建造的煉油廠和化工廠在役管式加熱爐熱負荷和熱效率低的狀況，提出了若干技術改造措施包括，增大對流管表面積以增大對流段的熱負荷；增加輻射管的換熱面積；修正煙囪高度；換用新型燃燒器，變自然通風為強制供風，以增大燃燒器的發熱量，減小過剩空氣系數，節省燃料2 % 3 % ；在對流段和煙囪之間增設空氣預熱器以提高空氣入爐溫度；採用高溫輻射塗料增強輻射換熱效果，從而增加熱源對爐壁的輻射傳熱量和爐管的傳熱量等。The difference among the elasticity modulus of various microstructures is probably the main reason, which caused the experiment results above. under the same experiment conditions, such as sample shape, size, surface roughness, establishment of testing system, pressure on the probe, and thickness of coupling medium, the variety of relative attenuation coefficient ( or ) in different heat treatment samples is measured and compared by measuring the attenuation obtained from the cylindrical surface of column. the result is as following : for 40cr and 38crmoal, a mt < az mq < a s < a p + f ; for gcrlssimn, a mt < a annea < s < a p + f ; and a increased with the increasing of frequency
在保證試樣形狀、尺寸、表面光潔度、系統參數設置、施加在探頭上的壓力以及耦合層厚度等測試條件一致的情況下，利用棒材圓柱面測衰減系數法，分別測定並比較上述不同熱處理試樣相對衰減系數的變化情況，得到的實驗結果是：對於40cr及38crmoal鋼， _ （低溫回火） （淬火） _ （高溫回火） _ （正火） ；對于gcr15simn鋼， _ （低溫回火） _ （退火） _ （高溫回火） _ （正火） ；且隨著頻率的提高，衰減系數均呈現增加的趨勢。The result of analysis shows that the convective heat flux has main effect on fuel pyrolyzing and vaporizing, the liquid layer of pe fuel can increase the regression rate but also can cause unstable burning. 4
研究結果表明：對流熱流是引起燃料熱解氣化的主要因素， pe熔化產生的液體層提高了燃料熱解退移速率，但液體層厚度增加到一定程度時，對發動機工作穩定性有負面影響。The simulations results show that the spoiler is available to make the fuel and the oxidizer coming from the former to stay in the cavity for a long time, to let the fuel and oxidizer mix and burn completely. since there is a high temperature zone forming by vortex in the middle of the motor, it required a restricted thermal protection. the plate with holes decreased the vortex function in the cavity, which could not promote the combustion efficiency, but to decrease temperature in the cavity and be benefit to thermal protection of the wall
計算結果分析表明:擾流板可以使燃料和氧化劑在擾流腔內的滯留時間加長，促進燃料與氧化劑的摻混燃燒，提高燃燒效率，但由於渦流在發動機的中間部位形成了高溫燃燒區域，致使局部燃料和絕熱層燒蝕速率增大，加大了熱防護的難度;孔板結構減弱了擾流腔內迴流區的漩流作用，不能增加推進劑燃燒效率，但可以使擾流腔內的溫度降低，給壁面熱防護帶來好處。In former stl instruments, a laser beam with a gaussian distributed intensity was commonly used as the excitation source. nevertheless, the output of a high power laser is usually a superposition of multi - modes rather than a gaussian distribution ( tem00 ). therefore, it is very convenient to add an aperture to get a top - hat beam
以前的表面熱透鏡裝置中，多使用高斯光束作為激勵光，但由於高功率激光器一般為多模輸出，要獲得嚴格的基模高斯光束比較困難，而平頂光束可以通過在激光器前加一定大小的光闌實現，降低了對激光光束質量的要求，更有利於實際的測量。This paper presents the effects of some features on the productivity of raw c60 materials, such as distance and approaching speed of electrodes, helium partial pressure and arc current etc. then we separate and purify the raw materials and obtain pure solid c60 of 99. 9 % and compare the purification efficiency and effect of different fluxion phase and fixed phase and discuss the effects of the experimental conditions, such as the depositing speed, the type of the substrate, the surface structure of the substrate and the temperature of the substrate. finally, we use xps, afm, ultraviolet, infrared and raman to analyze the component, structure and feature of the films qualitatively and quantitatively
本文首先研究了氦氣分壓、弧電流大小、電極間距以及電極推進速度等實驗條件對制備c _ （ 60 ）粗品產率的影響；接著選用柱色譜法分離提純得到了純度大於99 . 9的c _ （ 60 ）固體，比較了不同流動相和固定相的提純效率和效果；然後採用自己改進后的真空鍍膜機，利用電阻式加熱蒸鍍方法，得到了純c _ （ 60 ）薄膜和不同摻雜比的銀摻雜薄膜；探討了沉積速率、襯底種類、襯底表面結構以及襯底溫度等實驗條件對薄膜結構的影響；最後通過xps ， afm ，紫外，紅外，拉曼對薄膜的成分、結構和特性作了定性和半定量分析。As the temperature of pyrolysis and the soak time increasing, the carbon materials become more stacked, the specific surface area reduces, both reversible capacity and irreversible capacity decrease, the initial coulumbic efficiency increases, and the hysteresis in the voltage profile between charge and discharge is cut down
隨著熱處理溫度的升高和恆溫時間的延長，所得炭材料的有序化程度增加，比表面積減小，可逆嵌鋰容量與不可逆容量均減小，首次充放電效率增大，電壓滯后現象得到抑制。Xps measurement results exhibited that no detectable fe2 + existed in the compound of a ~ fe2os doped with sn4 +, which suggest that oxygen anions or cation vacancies not only can compensate the charge balance but also significantly enhance the gas - sensitivity of a - fe2o3 based gas sensors. ( 3 ) conductive type of a - fe2o3 doped with sn4 + is showed in the n - type by hall measurement and gas - sensitivity measurement. the results of measurements and characterizations suggest that the sensitive mechanism of the a - fe2o3 based nano - materials prepared by this work be the surface resistance controlled mode
（ 3 ）首次進行了霍爾測量，並結合氣敏測試結果，從不同方面證實了摻錫- fe _ 2o _ 3納米半導體的導電類型是n型；綜合粉體的電導率?溫度曲線、元件的電阻?加熱電流特徵曲線、元件在不同氣氛下的電阻特性以及比表面積等測試表徵結果，得出本文所製成的- fe _ 2o _ 3基氣敏元件的氣敏機理特徵屬于表面控制型。The smaller interval is the larger power output is. so in order to be the largest power output, the structure should be as small as possible. as far as the instantaneous heating electromagnetism vortex water heater is concerned, the power which the excitation device outputs is too small, so we adopt two e
又由於對于即熱型電磁渦流熱器來說，單個勵磁裝置輸出的功率過小，達不到加熱的目的，因而木電磁渦流熱水器採用兩套勵磁裝置，進行雙面加熱，每塊渦流加熱扳的兩表面均有水流過，即整體上採用雙面加熱，四面過流的結構方式。分享友人