觀測均值 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [guāncèjūnzhí]
觀測均值
英文
observed mean value-
And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed
研究結果如下:首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵,對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價,提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集;初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律,進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎;發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象,對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物,通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決;研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段,這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系,是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎;像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響,是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具;建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型,並分析了模型的適用性。Furthermore, the dq value ranges of profile multifarctal spectra in different landform types and in different directions of the same sections perform different properties and anisotrpies. it can be concluded that the landscape fractal properties depends closely on the int ensity, manner and inhomogenity of exogenic and inogenic processess, and with the properties, we can study quantatively the dynamic geomorphic process. by using the same methods just above, local fractal dimensions d, crossover length tc and the multifractal spectra dq - q of two large - scale landform profiles ( across and along tianshan mountain ranges respectively ) are calculated. the results show that in the studied scaling range the two profiles perform different scaling properties, and both of them can be divided to three evident different linear scaling subsections
不同類型地貌區二維地貌表面也表現出多度域分形特徵,而且隨著觀測尺度的增加,每個區間的分維值均表現為依次減小,表明外營力作用的影響逐漸被內營力作用所取代:不同類型地貌區在相應區間的分維值表現為高山區中低山區盆地區,體現了不同類型地貌表面粗糙性或復雜性的差異,因此分維值大小可作為地貌表面外營力侵蝕作用強度的重要指標:利用標度區的間斷點和各種地貌類型表面分維值或宏觀效應趨於一致,提出5 - 6km左右可作為地貌的宏觀臨界點,並且與利用地貌剖線研究所得到的5km這一數值是基本吻合的。Using ansys as analysis tool, and the influence of river water fluctuating on geoelectric observation data in different distance from riverway to geoelectric monitoring observe station is numerically simulated, and the relationship between error of observation data and distance from riverway to the stations is summarized
摘要利用ansys作為分析平臺數值模擬了觀測系統距河道不同距離情況下,由河水漲落引起的淺層局部電性非均勻性對地電觀測數據的影響,總結了觀測系統距河道遠近與觀測數據誤差大小的關系。The third section of the essay, analyzes the distributing law of passenger flow of public traffic, brings forward a new prediction method which could keep accordance to the practical distributing law of passenger flow by and large, furthermore, could meet the demand of optimizing bus dispatch system. this method based on intelligent technology breaks through the traditional way
第三部分研究了城市公共交通線路日客流量分佈規律,提出了一種可操作性的、能在總體均值上符合線路客流客觀變化規律、可滿足以城市公共交通線路調度為目的和以此為精度要求的城市公共交通線路每日客流量預測方法。The equations of the mean value functions and the covariance functions are established for dynamical systems whose inputs are fuzzy stochastic processes. an existence and uniqueness theorem of ito fuzzy stochastic differential equations is proved, some explicit representations of solutions and the equations of statistical characteristics are deduced for linear fuzzy stochastic differential equations, and numerical methods to nonlinear fuzzy stochastic differential equations are proposed, the conditions for stability and observability of fuzzy linear systems are derived. the kalman filter algorithms of linear fuzzy stochastic systems are brought forward
主要成果包括:提出了模糊隨機變量協方差和反向協方差的概念;研究了二階模糊隨機變量的均方收斂性,並在此基礎上得到了均方模糊隨機分析、平穩模糊隨機過程及其譜分解的若干定理;根據均方模糊隨機分析理論,得到了輸入為模糊隨機過程的線性系統的輸出輸入統計特徵關系方程;證明了ito型模糊隨機微分方程解的存在唯一性,並給出了ito型線性模糊隨機微分方程解的表達式,統計特徵方程以及非線性模糊隨機微分方程的數值解法;得到了模糊線性系統的穩定性和可觀性條件、線性模糊隨機系統統計特徵方程和線性模糊隨機系統的kalman濾波演算法;研究了當觀測值是模糊數據時,線性回歸模型的建立。The updated model with complete forcing has excellent ability of simulation and forecast. to study yellow and east china circulation in winter and summer, based on long - term ocean observation data of january and august, the fine structure of yellow and east china seas circulation is diagnostically calculated with complete forcing ( including surface wind stress, boundary transportation, baroclinic effect, tide, changjiang river runoff ) in winter. the influences of factors on main circulation patterns are discussed respectively
對于冬季和夏季海洋環流的情況,在多年觀測的溫鹽資料基礎上,分別以1月份和8月份代表黃東海冬季和夏季的情況,以月平均大氣風應力、邊界流輸送、溫鹽斜壓效應、潮汐、長江口徑流等作為強迫條件,對黃東海環流的細微結構作了高分辨的三維數值模擬,探討了各因子對冬、夏季主要流系的動力學作用。The calculated mean diameter, mean square - root diameter, mean cube - root diameter and liquid water content are all well matched with the observational results ; in the paper two examples have been analyzed by using the seeding region data and the possible affecting region data in leeward region. it is found that f - 100, 2dc, and 2dp ' s particle concentrations increase in leeward region, but rising extent is different, which is likely to be due to difference of seeding effect time
擬合值和觀測值吻合的較好,計算出的平均直徑、均方根直徑、均立方根直徑和粒子濃度與觀測值也比較吻合;本文對兩組個例的催化影響區域及可能採集到相應值的下風方區域進行了分析,催化下風向影響區的f - 100 、 2dc 、 2dp的粒子濃度比背景值都有所增加,但是增加的幅度不同,應該是催化響應時間的原因。The residual value is the observed value at the center minus this average.
從圓心上的觀測值減掉這個平均值,就得到剩餘值。And the no - isothermal structure can accelerate the breaking of gravity wave in mesospause, and the breaking of gravity wave is an important source of convection and small - scale waves. the propagation of gravity wave will affect the distribution of minor species. the breaking of gravity wave accelerates the downward transport of atomic oxygen, some smaller - scale structures appear on the horizontal distribution of atomic oxygen number density, and other chemical species are also affected due to the chemical reaction with atomic oxygen and the propagation of gravity wave
在重力波的傳播過程中,氫氧大氣成分的水平和垂直分佈均受到了不同程度的影響,以氧原子的響應最為明顯,而其中重力波破碎在氧原子水平分佈上的反應則是非線性重力波過程的一個重要表現;另外,分析顯示,重力波的非線性傳播對oh氣輝的峰值分佈由明顯影響,小尺度重力波的傳播有時會引起oh氣輝出現奇異的雙峰分佈,重力波的破碎現象也可以從對氣輝的觀測中反映應出來,這對利用氣輝觀測研究重力波傳播特性有非常重要的指示意義。It is provided by the result of observing for the trial of pile, if the cast - in - place is constructed according to strict technological process, the limit load - bearing capacity of single pile is more larger then its calculational value, and under the function of the most trial loading, the frictional drag haven " t occur yield in every major loading layer, so the pile have greatly safety reserve in engineering
樁試驗的觀測結果證明,按照嚴格工藝流程施工的鉆孔灌注樁,其單樁極限承載能力遠大於計算值;在最大試驗荷載作用下,各主要持力層均未出現摩阻力屈服現象,樁有較大的工程安全儲備。The ids works by two way, misuse detection and anomaly detection, misuse detection flags an intrusion on intrusion signature, this kind of detecting technic can be realized much more easily, and much more accurate, but it can not find some intrusiones that have been disguised or new kinds of intrusion. the anomaly detection can detect in more wide field, anomaly detection can compare new statistic data with average record, then anomaly record will be found, but it ' s more difficult to set a threshold, if the threshold is too big, some intrusion may be put through, if the threshold is too small, the ids will give more false positive alarm, and the threshold will be different with different people or different period, so the ids just simply show us their suspicious record, the administrator or expert will be in duty to analyze this record and give conclusion, the ids give more alarm than it should, leave us more detection record to analyze, and this is a hard work, we can not distinguish an intrusion or not if we analyze only one record, but we can judge if we find the relation among mass detection evidence. in this article, we try distinguish an intrusion using d - s theory ( proof theory ) instead using manual work, the ids will be more helpful and efficient
濫用檢測採用的是特徵檢測的方法,實現較為簡單,判斷的準確性較高,但是不能判斷一些經過偽裝的入侵或特徵庫中尚未包含的入侵,異常檢測能夠根據以往記錄的特徵平均值,判斷出異常情況,但是對于異常到什麼程度才視為入侵,這個閥值非常難以確定,閥值設定的太高,有可能漏過真正的入侵,如果設定的閥值太低,又會產生較高的誤警率,而且這個閥值因人而異,因時而異,因此現在的入侵檢測系統把這部分異常記錄以一定的形式顯示出來或通知管理人員,交給管理人員去判斷,而這些ids系統難以判斷的記錄,如果對每個證據單獨地進行觀察,可能是難以判斷是否是入侵,而把許多先後證據關聯起來,專家或管理人員根據經驗能夠判斷訪問的合法性,本文試圖引入人工智慧中證據理論的推理策略和示例學習方法,代替人工檢查分析,可以提高效率,降低誤警率,並可以對一個正在進行得可疑訪問實現實時檢測,通過搜索及時判斷,及時阻斷非法訪問,比事後得人工處理更有意義。Analyzed result on observed data shows that runoff erosivity and sediment transport modulus have a good power function ( y = mxn ) relationship. all the correlation coefficients of regression equation are bigger than 0. 9 in different watershed and power exponent b is 0. 4 - 0. 65, which average is 0. 52. and n is bigger as harness degree high
實際流域的觀測資料分析結果表明:徑流侵蝕力與輸沙模數之間有很好的冪函數( y = mx ~ n )關系,回歸方程相關系數均在0 . 9以上,關系式中冪指數n在0 . 4 - 0 . 65之間,平均為0 . 52 ,治理度越高, n值越大,而參數m與流域面積和治理度有關, m值隨著流域面積的增大和治理度的提高而減小。Some weather information, like surface winds, pressure and temperature, are measured and averaged automatically by meteorological systems. they form part of the weather reports after scrutiny by the weather observer
部份天氣數據,如地面風氣壓溫度等,經由氣象系統自動量度和計算所需的平均值,經過天氣觀測員審核后,便可直接在天氣報告中使用。The mean bulk momentum transfer coefficient cd and bulk sensible heat transfer coefficient ch is 3. 37 * 10 - 3 and 4. 47 * 10 - 3, which is slightly larger than that above desert gobi and grassland of plain and little than that above plateau. on one hand, the more unstable atmosphere is, the larger bulk transfer coefficients are under unstable conditions, on the other hand, and bulk transfer coefficients decrease as wind speed increases
動量和感熱總體輸送系數的平均值分別為3 . 37 * 10 ~ ( - 3 )和4 . 47 * 10 ~ ( - 3 ) ,略高於沙漠、戈碩士學位論文:半干早雨養農業區陸面過程觀測試驗研究壁及平原草地的值,而低於高原的值;在不穩定時,層結越不穩定,總體輸送系數也越大,並且隨風速的增加而減小。Provide automatic test function of fiber diameter, directly observe fiber configuration on screen, and display the actual diameter of all fiber on - time. fast test speed, simple operation, and reduced personal error. automatically compute mean diameter, coefficient of variation and standard deviation of the tested fiber, the tested date can be printed out by excel
提供了纖維直徑自動測量功能,可直接在顯示器上觀察纖維形態,實時顯示每根纖維的實測直徑;測量速度快,操作簡便,減少了人為誤差;可自動計算已測纖維的直徑平均值、變異系統和標準差,測試數據可以excel報表形式列印輸出。Secondly, some new concepts including mean value controllability, mean square controllability, mean value observability, mean square observability, mean value stabilization, mean square stabilizability, mean value detectability and mean square detectability of networked control systems are defined in this dissertation. some sufficient or necessary conditions for networked control systems with corresponding properties are presented
提出了網路控制系統的均值能控、均方能控、均值能觀、均方能觀、均值可鎮定、均方可鎮定、均值可檢測和均方可檢測等新概念;得到了網路控制系統具有相應性質的充分或必要條件。The empirical research in em forthers the acaden1ic thoughts of accrual - basis accounting, hastens the development of generally accepted accounting principles, and enriches the research measures in empirical accounting lots of literatures on em have been reported rece11tly however, researcheres have n ' t reached the consensus in most issues in this fieid much of the controversy over the interpretation of the literature ' s tindings is due to the extensive use of aggregate accruals models that mostly origil1ated from jones mode1 given the limlted theory, we have of how accruals behave in the absence of discretion, the task of identifying and controlling for potentially correlated o111itted variables is daunting indeed an alternative to study aggregate accruals is the 111ethodology for identifying earnings management developed by burgstahler and dichev ( l997 ) based on the distribution of earnings after management however, this measure is flawed by its silence about the form and extent of earnings management my dissertation intends to bridge the traditional aggregate accruals models and the new earnings distribution method, which is the first aim of this paper there is no doubt that earnings management is more rampant in china when compared with what has been documented for the west, since china ' s accounting standards are much too incomplete to of lbr clear guida11ce on many accounting transactions
文章首先指出了研究盈餘管理的三種方法各自的優點及不足,然後創造性地發展了前人的研究手段,在傳統的瓊斯模型及新的盈餘分佈方法之間找到了溝通的橋梁,並建立了一個嶄新的模型:瓊斯?閾值模型。通過對美國18 , 160家上市公司在1980 - 1999的20年間的40餘萬觀測樣本的實證研究表明,美國上市公司與我國上市公司一樣也存在著以獲取正盈餘及維持近期業績為目的的盈餘管理;公司經理人員使用可操縱性應計利潤為其管理盈餘的手段;經理人員因追求正盈餘或試圖維持近期業績而管理盈餘時體現出不同的行為方式。對美國上市公司的成功運用,證明我們的新模型在判斷盈餘管理存在與否、手段如何、動機怎樣等方面均比目前正在學術界流行的盈餘分佈法具有更強的檢測能力。Monthly cloud amount observed at the observatory and monthly bright sunshine and mean daily global solar radiation recorded at king s park between 1971 - 2000
表6 . 1971 - 2000年在天文臺觀測之雲量月平均值與及在京士柏觀測之日照的月平均值及平均每日太陽總輻射Date integration technique was used to analyze the relationship between monthly mean daily clearness index kt and s, the ration of monthly mean daily sunshine duration to possible sunshine duration as well as that of monthly mean daily direct transmittance kb. based on data from 1957 to 2000, a series of kt and kb estimation models with different temporal and spatial scales were established. furthermore, the distributions of kt and kb from january to december in chongqing were mapped by kriging interpolation for long - term mean
大氣輻射過程模擬通過晴空指數、直接透射率等綜合描述大氣對太陽輻射影響的參數,採用重慶市及其周邊地區1957 - 2000年日射站觀測的月輻射資料和常規月氣象觀測資料,利用數據集群技術,建立了不同時空尺度的太陽輻射估算模式;使用kriging插值法,完成了重慶市氣候平均狀況下各月晴空指數、直接透射率的空間制圖。( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test
在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作: ( 1 )針對巖石損傷變化較小時,運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷,本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法,根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況; ( 2 )針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性,本文提出了基準損傷,正損傷,負損傷的概念,在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況; ( 3 )現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值,這實際上是很難觀測到的,因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量,由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便,本文在其基礎上進行了推廣; ( 4 )建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程,並用算例進行了驗證; ( 5 )對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時,內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討,主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析,試驗發現:對于孔隙率和含水率較高,密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石,凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響,而對于孔隙率和含水率較低,密度和強度較高的硬巖,凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因,影響不是太大,而後期由於水補給后,含水率較高的原因,凍融影響逐漸增大; ( 6 )運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法,深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數,凍結溫度,凍結速度不同巖石作用時,其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數,凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律,需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外,凍融過程中沒有補水。分享友人