觀測頻度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [guāncèbīndù]
觀測頻度
英文
frequency of measurement-
The limited sensitivity of present pulsar surveys and the greater frequency drift make the more distant pulsars difficult to observe.
目前脈沖星普查的有限探測靈敏度和大的頻率漂移，使我們難以觀測到更遙遠的脈沖星。Gps receivers belong to the user equipment, mainly used to receive satellite signals and telegraphese, measure the distance from receiver to the satellites by the wireless signals, compute the position and speed of satellites by telegraphese, then compute the position and speed of user
Gps衛星接收機屬于衛星導航定位系統中的用戶設備，主要用於接收衛星信號和電文，由無線電信號測定用戶至衛星的距離，或多普勒頻移等觀測量;根據導航電文，計算觀測衛星的位置和速度，根據觀測量和衛星的位置、速度，解算出用戶的位置和速度。Backed up by the soplat theory based on particle kinematics, the second chapter of this paper presents with analysis and simulation of several single observer passive measurement models, which uses such relative movement parameters as bearings changing rates and centrifugal acceleration information on the basis of bearings measurements. in the third chapter, the observability of location respectively using bearings and its changing rates information and centrifugal acceleration information is analyzed, and its observable condition is got. the fourth chapter puts forward the modified covariance extended kalman filtering ( mvekf ) against the defect of traditional extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), whose performance is simultaneously compared in the chapter with the performance of ususal tracking algorithm such as ekf, mgekf, iekf by computer simulation
在近年來提出的基於質點運動學原理的單站無源定位理論基礎上，本文第二章提出了幾種在角度測量的基礎上增加角度變化率及相對運動的離心加速度等運動學參數的單站無源測量模型，並對它們進行了分析和模擬；第三章分別對利用角度及其變化率信息定位和利用離心加速度信息定位的可觀測性進行分析並得到了相應的可觀測條件；第四章針對傳統擴展卡爾曼（ ekf ）方法的缺點，提出了一種修正協方差的擴展卡爾曼濾波（ mvefk ）方法，並將其和ekf 、 mgekf 、 iekf等常用的單站無源定位濾波方法進行了性能模擬比較；第五章通過引入雷達機動目標跟蹤方法和模型，提出了利用角度及其變化率對機動輻射源跟蹤的多級噪聲自適應方法和imm方法；第六章主要對角度變化率和離心加速度參數的獲取技術進行了研究，提出了幾種高精度測量脈沖序列多普勒頻率變化率的方法。Gully erosion, which is universal on original lands, but also the special forms, for example, hole erosion gravel erosion debris slide and debris flow, which is unusual in loess area, ( 2 ) based on a long - term fixed point experiments in proving ground of the south stackpile, the soil erosion factors have been researched quantitatively, the runoff and erosion affected factors have been made sure and the experiential models of producing water and soil have been taken in newly - constructed stage, early stage and later stage of reclamation
確定南排土場原地貌的水蝕模數為3700 4400t km ~ 2 ? a ；在排土場新造地貌上，擊濺、面蝕、細溝侵蝕、淺溝侵蝕、沉陷侵蝕、砂礫化面蝕、土砂瀉溜和坡面泥石流等水土流失形式出現頻率和發生程度都明顯強于原地貌。 （ 2 ）以南排土場徑流試驗場長期的定位觀測為基礎，對排土場未復墾時期、復墾初期、復墾後期的土壤水蝕影響因子進行定量研究，確定了徑流和土壤水蝕的主要影響因子及其臨界值，建立了產流產沙的經驗模型。Second part - the main contribution and research results of this paper are focused on as follows : ( 1 ) how to use the measurements of a dual frequency gps receiver to determine the ionospheric delay correction model for single frequency gps of a local range ; ( 2 ) how to separate the instrumental biases with the ionospheric delays in gps observation ; ( 3 ) how to establish a large range grid ionosphere model and use the gps data of chinese crust movement observation network to investigate the change law of ionospheric tec of china area ; ( 4 ) how to improve the effectiveness of correcting ionospheric delays for waas ' s users under adverse conditions. ( 5 ) how to establish the basic theory and the corresponding framework of monitoring the stochastic ionospheric disturbance using gps ( 6 ) how to improve the modelling ability of ionospheric delay according to its diurnal, seasonal, annual variations based on gps ; ( 7 ) how to meet the demand of correcting the ionospheric delay of high - precision orbit determination for low - earth satellite using a single frequency gps receiver 1 extracting ( local ) ionospheric information from gps data with high - precision the factors are systematically described and analyzed which limit the precision of using gps data to extract ionospheric delays
二、具體研究工作的系統報告，主要集中在以下幾方面：研究如何利用單臺雙頻gps接收機的觀測信息確定電離層延遲改正模型，為小范圍的單頻用戶服務；研究如何實時分離gps觀測中的儀器偏差與電離層延遲；研究如何建立較大區域的電離層格網模型，進而初步設想利用中國地殼運動觀測網路深入研究我國領域的電離層的電子濃度變化規律；研究單頻用戶在不利條件下，如何更好地利用電離層延遲改正信息；研究利用gps監測隨機電離層擾動的基本理論和框架方案；研究如何綜合顧及電離層的周日、季節和年變化，進一步提高利用gps模擬電離層延遲的能力；研究如何實現星載單頻gps低軌衛星的精密測軌中的電離層延遲改正要求。In the process of gps triple frequency observables, the rms of the integer ambiguity isn ' t fit for detecting and correcting cycle slips for the pseudo - range noise
摘要在gps三頻非差觀測數據的處理中，由於偽距噪聲的影響，利用原始的偽距和載波相位觀測數據估計的模糊度誤差比較大，不能用於探測和改正周跳。Firstly, the paper introduces briefly the detecting principle of microwave radiometer and the scheme of lunar microwave radiometer. based on propagation matrix, an algorithm to get reflectivity of layered medium is brought in. by means of the method, the reflectivity expression of two - layer medium is obtained
本文首先簡要介紹了微波輻射計的探測原理及月球探測衛星微波輻射計的設計方案，還介紹了利用傳播矩陣計算分層媒質的反射率的方法，並給出雙層媒質的反射率表達式，分析了雙層媒質的反射率隨觀測角、頻率和第一層厚度的變化關系。In this dissertation, we studied the tcra1101plus total station position system, which introduced the principle and characters of the instrument ' s closed loop tracking system. also we explained the cause of prism ' s position error and brought forward mathematic model to correct, moreover, the good results has been drawn form the expenriments. the kinetic survey system have been realized, which the sampling rate attain more than 5hz and the position precision can be less than 2mm on condition that targeted - point moving slowly at the velocity below 2cm / s. having finished the survey system to examine whether the fine - tuning stewart platform in good status, we have finished mensurating the position reference of the fine - tuning stewart platform and the offset of the prism
在此基礎上研製了多臺儀器在線控制高頻采樣動態跟蹤測量系統，采樣率大於5hz ，在跟蹤小於2cm / s低速運動目標時，測量精度好於2mm ；完成對饋源二次精調系統的檢測，包括對二次精調平臺位置基準的標定和觀測棱鏡偏心差的測定；設計不同動態測量實驗，對全站儀動態跟蹤的誤差來源和特點進行了分析；從實驗角度，對全站儀的測量時滯及其穩定性進行了測試分析，給出了定量的結果；比較了全站儀和計算機的內部時間系統，發現兩者存在較大差異。Analysis of gps multi - frequency carrier phase combinations
多頻相位組合觀測值的定位精度分析In audio robust watermark algorithm, watermark is embedded in transform domain by using the speediness, simplicity and multi - resolution of wavelet transform. when extracting watermarking, the audio is decomposed by single - level discrete 1 - d wavelet transform, and watermarking is extracted by ica based on kurtosis maximization. this method ’ s computational cost is low
音頻水印利用小波變換快速、簡單和多解析度的特點來嵌入水印，提取的時候，先對觀測音頻文件進行一級小波分解，然後用基於最大峰值的ica方法進行水印提取，這種方法避免了其他盲源分離方法必需的求逆運算，所以計算量小。The chief purpose of this paper is to design a new multi - sensor fusion algorithm which can be used by hfgwsr under the clutter environment, which should meet the requirement of real - time processing
本論文的主要目的是設計一種可以滿足強雜波背景下觀測精度較低的高頻地波雷達應用的多傳感器融合演算法，並保證演算法滿足實時性要求。754 horizontal - component digital broad - band records in western north america are processed. the acceleration response spectra are calculated and used as part of the database. the response spectrum values are estimated by the earthquake magnitude definition and are used as another part of the database
將美國西部地區作為參考地區，對美國南加州地區的數字寬頻帶記錄進行了搜集與處理後作為觀測資料，共754條水平向記錄，與利用震級定義所估計的反應譜值一起，用統計回歸的方法建立美國西部長周期加速度反應譜衰減關系。Starting with the research on the characteristics of frequency spectra of the ip field as well as charging - discharging time and based on experiment results, the authors summed up frequency spectra, time spectra and decay rate characteristics of sulfide mineralized bodies ( chalcopyrite ) and graphite - bearing dolomitic marble, and detected new parameters for qualitative evaluation of ip anomalies
摘要從研究激電場頻譜特徵及充、放電時間特徵出發，根據實驗觀測結果，總結了硫化物礦化體（黃銅礦）及含石墨白雲質大理巖等巖性的頻譜特徵及充放電時間特徵，探索到新的定性評價激電異常源參數頻率譜及時間譜、視衰減速度。Frequency code is not uniformity distribution and keeps to a probability distribution function defined by the spectral characteristics of the target of interest. the phase code is equally duality pseudo - random sequence and used to reduced the sidelobes of the signal correlation function. and the mismatch - phase sequence is corresponding with the frequency sequence one by one
而頻率編碼為不均勻分佈，由所觀測目標的頻譜信息提取出概率密度函數決定頻率編碼序列的分佈；相位編碼為二元的偽隨機序列，採取均勻的二相編碼，消減同頻脈沖帶來的過高的相關函數的旁瓣；而失配相位為與頻率編碼相一一對應于各子脈沖中。The relationship between tb and thickness from rt method is one - to - one, but the relation from dgf method is n ' t. then an algorithm on detecting depth of microwave radiometer is proposed according to its characteristics. under special conditions, we analyze the tendencies of detecting depth vs. observation angle, frequency and thickness
然後，根據輻射計自身的特點，提出了輻射計的探測深度的計算方法，並給出具體溫度分佈情況下輻射計探測深度的計算式，並分析了探測深度隨輻射計觀測角度和工作頻率的變化情況。In the paper, the principle and actualizing means of spatial vector control have been systemically discussed and the control software has also been designed. the magnitude of both the rotor flux and the current in torque component have been estimated by using a flux observer, which is developed based on field orientation control principle. the results show that the observer has a good feature due to its speed being calculated without speed sensor or additional hardware
本文對矢量控制的原理、控制方法以及控制實施策略進行了較為系統的分析與研究，利用速度間接觀測理論，建立了異步電機的磁通觀測器，電機的定子磁通和電流的轉矩分量可以通過磁通觀測器估算出來，從而得到電機的轉速，並由此建立了異步電機無速度傳感器矢量控制的理論數學模型和相應的控制演算法，在此基礎之上，利用工程中常用的電機專用dsp晶元tms320lf2407作為處理器，對異步電機進行變頻調速控制。Aperture synthesis uses interferometry technique to improve the limitations set by antenna physical aperture while working at lower frequency. phase and amplitude calibration of the visibility samples must be carried out to compensate for system bias before measurement
綜合孔徑技術利用了以小口徑天線陣列合成大的觀測口徑的技術，解決了在較低頻率時天線物理口徑要足夠大才能得到期望的空間解析度的嚴重缺陷。( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test
在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。Based on the response theory of an elastic earth to surface loads and the model of the standard atmosphere, the characteristics of changes in the loading effects with time, space and frequency are comprehensively investigated in this dissertation. the numerical results obtained in this study can provide accurate atmospheric correction models for high - precision continuous measurements of the geophysical fields such as gravity, tilt, displacement and strain on the earth ' s surface
本文基於彈性地球對表面負荷的響應理論和標準大氣模型，綜合研究大氣負荷效應的時間、空間和頻率特徵，為地表重力、傾斜、位移和應變等物理場的高精度連續觀測提供精密大氣影響改正模型Abstract : in accordance with the building characteristics and the settlement observational data, based on the analysis of its settlement regularity, in the paper, the precision and frequency of settlement observation are discussed
文摘:該文主要是根據建築物的特性和沉降觀測資料，在分析其沉降規律的基礎上，探討其沉降觀測的精度與頻率。分享友人