財政特權 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [cáizhèngtèquán]
財政特權 英文
fiscal privileges
  • 財 : 名詞（金錢和物資的總稱） wealth; property; valuables
  • 政 : 名詞1 （政治） politics; political affairs 2 （國家某一部門主管的業務） certain administrative as...
  • 特 : Ⅰ形容詞（特殊; 超出一般） particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 （特別） especially; v...
  • 權 : Ⅰ名詞1 [書面語] （秤錘） counterpoise; weight （of a steelyard）2 （權力） power; authority 3 （...
  • 財政 : （國家對資財的收入與支出的管理活動） （public） finance; government finance; public economy
  • 特權 : privilege; prerogative
  1. After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

    研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。
  2. Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt

    第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。
  3. Starting with the railway systems, steamer lines, standard oil, ocean cables, diluted telegraph, and all the rest, and winding up with klondike, de beers, tammany graft, and shady privileges in the post - office department

    從鐵路系統公司、汽船公司、標準石油公司、越洋電纜公司、稀聲電報公司，如此等等的其他公司，直到克朗代克金礦、德比爾斯鉆石礦、塔馬尼貪財公司和郵政部的曖昧特權公司。
  4. The main problems are : the party is not separated from the government and the power of the party committee is over - concentrated ; managing is over - staffed and the style of management is out - of - date ; the government organization is carved up and the functions of the government is dismembered ; the functions of the governmeng has not essentiallg transformed and their responsibilities are in confusion ; the financial system is imperfect, so the financial capacity of the township is muck limited ; the function of the people ' s congress is so weak that its initiative has n ' t been brought into full play ; the contra diations between the town ship government and the urllage lommittee are sharpening and the regular work is notin normal progress. the causes for these problems are complex. in my opinion, the causes are closely associated with the effect of traditional system of organization, the restricton of administrative surroumding and the unfithess of personnel qualith. and that ' s because the construction of the leqal system is backward and the administrative area is not rationally divided

    這些特點和我國實行市場經濟體制的新形勢，暴露了當前鄉鎮行政管理中存在的突出問題，主要表現在：黨政不分、黨委權利過分集中；人浮於事、管理方式陳舊；機構條塊分割，政府職能被肢解；政府職能尚未根本轉變，責任錯位；財政體制不完善、鄉鎮財政舉步維艱；人民代表大會功能柔弱，作用沒有充分發揮；政府與村委會矛盾加劇，工作難以正常開展等等。這些問題存在的原因比較復雜，主要是傳統體制、行政環境的影響和隊伍素質、法制建設的不適應。
  5. Expounds the five main aspect of risk in national commercial bank, i. e. signal liability structure, bad loan quality, low capital efficiency, imperfect restriction on interior power, thin consciousness on risk avoidance ; summarizes five characters of the bank risks, including risk concentration, moral risk, risks caused by system structure, inequi ty between bank risks and revenues, aggrandizement trend of bank risks ; analysis eight reasons for bank risks, including proprietary ownership voidance, macroeconomic fluctuation, ineffective capita ] buffer mechanism, enterprise reasons. no synchronous fiscal investment and financial reform, incompetence law and regulation enforcement. chapter4 argues the opportunities and challenges of the financial globalization and requirement for bank risk managem ent. chapters suggests the methods for the risk management of national commercial bank

    緊接著在第三章闡述了我國國有商業銀行風險的「五大表現」 ，即負債結構單一、信貸資產質量差、資本充足率低、內部控制機制薄弱、防範風險的意識淡薄；總結了我國國有商業銀行風險的「五大特點」 ，即風險高度集中、風險人為匿藏、風險的體制性、風險與收益嚴重不對稱、風險呈繼續擴大態勢；剖析了我國國有商業銀行風險形成的「八大因素」 ，即金融產權「人格」虛設、宏觀經濟波動、資本金等緩沖機制不健全、財政、投資和金融的體制改革不配套、法律和法規不健全等。
  6. At the same time, economic crisis, financial deficit and other factors such as burden of debts reduced greatly the governments " ability to invest and borrow money, private sources funds again were sought to cover up the capital shortage. on the other hand, some international consortia were looking for ways to invest for the purpose of maximum of profit. hence some international contracting companies and experienced developing countries began their trial to promote private ownership and operation of infrastucture projects, through the way of accession agreement with limited recourse

    然而進入80年代，現有的基礎設施已不能滿足經濟發展和人們生活的需要，而經濟危機、財政赤字、沉重債務負擔等因素使政府的投資能力和對外借債能力大為減弱，只能轉而尋求私營部門的資本來彌補資金的不足；同時國際上一些大財團因資本積累，急於加快資本周轉和增值，追求利潤最大化，一些國際承包公司和有經驗的發展中國家開始探索通過有限追索權貸款以特許方式促進私人擁有和經營基礎設施項目。
  7. The primary causes of the regime shortage are the state monopoly and the state control over the education. the primary cause of the structure shortage is that the budgetary appropriations are not in favor of the compulsory education and the underdeveloped district. then this article puts forward some suggestion to alleviant these kinds of educational shortage : to raise the repay of human capital ; to initiate a system of public financial regulation ; to increase the government appropriation for education ; to relax the state control over education ; to improve the form of the financial transference expenditure, and so on

    總量性短缺的成因主要是我國人口多、經濟發展水平低，教育投資資本邊際效率遞減趨勢、教育投資預期收益相對偏低等；財政性短缺的主要成因是在國家加快推進工業化特別是優先發展重工業的戰略下，政府財政支出的重點必然傾向物質生產部門，而近二十年的財政制度創新都因利益格局的剛性只能作有限突破等；體制性短缺的成因主要是政府壟斷阻礙各類要素往教育領域的流入等；結構性短缺的成因主要是分級分權撥款體制無法保證教育投資的公平等。
  8. The different stages the practices of legislation of finance both before china ' s reform and opening - up to the outside world and after the legislation of finance in 1994 are discussed. in the discussion of the characteristics of the legislation of china ' s finance, some problems and defects are observed, such as the low level of legislation and the serious centralization of power

    論文回顧了改革開放以前的財政體制立法和改革開放以後的財政立法情況，著重詳述了一九九四年以來的財政體制立法的情況，分析了中國財政體制立法的特徵，指出了其存在的突出缺陷是立法層次較低和集權制色彩濃厚。
  9. The maximum commitment of hkma under the nab, approved by the financial secretary, is sdr340 million around us 473 million

    金管局在新借貸安排下經財政司司長批準的最高承諾份額為億個特別提款權約為億美元。
  10. It allows us complete financial autonomy, it establishes hong kong as a separate customs territory. the basic law guarantees the independence of our judiciary

    《基本法》讓我們享有全面的財政自主權，維持香港特別行政區獨立關稅區的地位，並確保香港司法機構獨立運作。
  11. Off - budget fund is an extremely special part in the public finance of china, decentralization carved out a way to the development of the off - budget income, and it has become out of control from then on

    預算外收入是我國公共財政中極為奇特的一部分，分權化改革為預算外收入打開了缺口，自此，它便一發不可收拾起來。
  12. Abstract off - budget fund is an extremely special part in the public finance of china, decentralization carved out a way to the development of the off - budget income, and it has become out of control from then on

    預算外收入是我國公共財政中極為奇特的一部分，分權化改革為預算外收入打開了缺口，自此，它便一發不可收拾起來。
  13. Nations ordain the property rights structure, and it is a source to affect the capital market efficiency. but nations need to ordain the specific property rights structure to obtain the rent from public finance, which reflect on the chinese institutional change as follows : th e nation and its public finance demands play a key role in capital market development, but the nation ' s unilateral demand of public finance to obtain the rent caused the predicament in capital market

    而從產權視角看，兩者又具有了內生關系，因為是國家界定產權結構故而是影響資本市場效率的根源，而國家之所以構造出特定的產權結構則與其獲取租金的財政需要息息相關，反映在中國制度變遷實踐上就是：國家及其財政需要既是資本市場興起的關鍵，而國家單方面獲取租金的財政需要又是造成資本市場困境的根源。
  14. To solving the problem baffling non - state hi - tech enterprises " financing, the government should pass a law clearly stipulating that the state would protect their legal rights and interest, that governments at different levels should give their fiscal support to such enterprises and that the state should set up a development foundation for such enterprises. in addition, the government should improve the financing environment for non - state hi - tech enterprises and encourage risk investment institutions to increase input in these enterprises

    具體操作上，應建立並完善適合民營高新技術企業特徵的直接融資市場體系，積極推動創業板市場的設立，建立以產權交易為主的櫃臺交易市場，為民營高新技術企業產權流動、購並活動提供條件，並積極發展培育風險投資機構；建立適合民營高新技術企業特徵的間接融資市場體系，加快中小企業銀行和民營銀行的設立進程，加快銀行業務改革，完善擔保體系；加快企業信用體系建設；完善相關財政稅收政策。
  15. The designing of concession contracts involves many complex legislative and economic issues, such as the financial situations of governments, optimization of resources, protection of consumers " benefits, incentive firms to rational investment, improvement of production and operation efficiency of concessionaire, etc. with the rational return on investment as a kernel issue in the designing of concession contracts, the comprehensive economic parameters are integrated analyzed in this dissertation in order to realize the multiple targets of governments in concession projects

    特許權合約設計需要考慮政府的財政能力、實現資源優化配置、保護消費者利益、激勵特許權人進行合理投資和提高生產經營效率，涉及許多復雜的經濟問題。在合約設計中，這些問題的分析需要圍繞投資者實現合理的投資回報來進行，對特許權合約的諸多經濟參數綜合分析，以實現政府在特許權項目中的多重目標。
  16. However. with the shift of economy and society, it must be transformed, too. on case of guangxi universities, it has come out many problems : 1, single subject of fiance and vest system ; 2 power exceeded ; 3, university run society ; 4 produce lower efficiently ; 5 people attached to the unit. the original cause is that our party ' s comprehension of " soviet moedel " about the highe r education modernization. traditional culture stockpile, higher education institution during the revolution period and effect of planned economy. by historical logic. theory research and current studyjt ' s transform is inevitable and urgent. what ' s more. guangxi has satisfied the require - ments, such as law, economy, social culture surroundings for the contract system of higher edu - cation. lt includes five ideas : l the system of varied channel finance and invest universities in " outer - system " ; 2 modern macro - managementin " outer - universty " ; 3 specialized of higher education ; 4 contract cooperating between univerties whom clear property rights ; 5, contract management to univerty itself

    無論從歷史邏輯、理論分析還是現實考察，從單位制到契約制的高教制度變遷都有其必然性和緊迫性。在具備了良好的法律、經濟、社會文化外部環境后，可進行廣西高教契約制的建造。其主要內容有： 1 、在「體制外」實現多渠道高教財政投資體制和多元化辦學體制； 2 、在高校外部，政府權限有了設定，實行現代高教宏觀行政管理體制； 3 、高校自身的專業化特色設定； 4 、高校間明晰產權的契約合作； 5 、高校內部契約管理體制。
  17. They were dr the honourable donald tsang yam - kuen, financial secretary of the hong kong special administrative region, prc ; professor daniel chee tsui, 1998 nobel laureate in physics and arthur legrand doty professor of electrical engineering, school of engineering and applied science at princeton university, usa ; professor amartya kumar sen, 1998 nobel laureate in economics and master of trinity college at university of cambridge uk ; professor fei xiaotong, internationally - renowned sociologist and anthropologist and professor of sociology at peking university, prc ; and dr daisy li woo tze - ha, a philanthropist and a dedicated leader in voluntary social services

    香港中文大學頒授了五個榮譽學位，本屆獲頒榮譽博士學位的五位傑出人士分別為：香港特別行政區財政司司長曾蔭權博士；一九九八年諾貝爾物理學獎得獎人、美國普林斯頓大學arthurlegranddoty電機工程學講座教授崔琦教授；一九九八年諾貝爾經濟學獎得獎人、英國劍橋大學聖三一學院院長阿瑪蒂亞森教授；國際知名社會學及人類學大師、北京大學社會學教授費孝通教授；以及本港著名慈善家與社會服務界翹楚李胡紫霞博士。
  18. Chapter 2 institutional performances of fiscal decentralization, mainly analyses the special characteristics of decentralized fiscal system, and many possible results it may occurred, illustrates some economic and social outcomes of decentralization strategy, iy introducing some index and measures designed by foreign experts for evaluating the performance or outcomes of fiscal decentralization, the dissertation points out the necessity and importance of developing a new criterion of our own country, to judge the results of fiscal decentralization in china

    第2章財政分權的制度績效。側重於分析財政分權的制度特徵，指出財政分權改革可能產生的政策效果，分級財政制度自身的特殊性，實行分權戰略對經濟和社會發展產生的影響等。介紹國外衡量財政分權治理績效的指標體系，並對之做出評析，提出設計我國分級財政治理績效指標體系的必要性與重要意義。
  19. In the last part, the situation of the application of ec is outlined, and the facts that impeded the development of ec are presented : the imbalance of supply and demand with regard to the infrastructure of network, the lackey of confidence of consumer and firms on ec because of the lackey of credit in economy life, and the difficulties of how to adapt to and protect the new product style of ec by state legal system. we pointed out that, several aspects, such as fiscal tax revenue, law and enactments, the safety of information, admission of market, the perspectives of information, and technolocrats, will persistently impeded the development of ec. in china, the application of ec should be dominated by firms and conducted by government, which should as soon as possible enact the relative law regarding to taxation, electronic paying, digital signature, certification authority, intellectual property on web, etc. the national physical distribution system, the financial monitory system, the system of credit of firms as well as consumers should be completed

    在最後一個部分，文章簡述了我國電子商務應用的現狀，用博弈論方法分析了制約我國電子商務應用發展的幾個主要原因:網路基礎設施的供需失衡、經濟生活中的信用意識缺乏導致的消費者和企業對電子商務應用中的普遍的不信任及國家法律制度如何適應和保護電子商務這種新的生產方式等，並指出，財政稅收、法律法規、信息安全、市場準入、信息觀念、技術人才等幾個方面的問題將是長期阻礙電子商務發展的因素，電子商務在我國的應用要走企業為主體、政府引導的路子，政府應盡快制定有關稅收、電子支付、電子簽名、身份認證、網上知識產權等方面的法律法規，建立覆蓋全國的現代化物流配送體系，健全和完善金融監管體系，特別是企業信用體系和消費者信用體系的建設，大力推進企業信息化建設，創造發展環境，完善保障機制，加快人才培養。
  20. But under the condition of planned economy, to meet the special needs, the four banks have taken the form of state - owned property right and acted as the fiscal function of government

    而在計劃經濟條件下，為符合當時特定的歷史需要，四家銀行採取國有獨資的產權形式，充當政府財政職能。
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