貨幣中性 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [huòbìzhōngxìng]
貨幣中性
英文
neutrality of money-
It was restaurant industry graven topic that that of that of from input / output angle said, how advance restaurant kernel ability to compete, with the purpose of advance business economic benefit, as soon as possible brought return, accelerating demonetization end, abaft experience know clearly near twenty year stodgy state look forward to reform mechanism, our state hotel industry be around by babyhood trend maturity, by seller ' s market trend buyer ' s market, such transit should make part rational consumer enjoy to good value for money, too brought ought to part superficial restaurant taste to inevitable ; the government owned restaurant at multinational restaurant bloc and civilian battalion restaurant enterprise " dual impact down, calendar by know clearly reform of monetary system cum bank commercialization, market open cum solution control, market cum competitive mechanism three phase, owing to planned economy belated issues, structure irrationality wrought a matter of and overlapping investment wrought a matter of wait threefold cause, make government owned restaurant at market competition middle gradualness forfeiture competitive edge, in progression appearance hot water, how advance government owned hotel competitive power a matter of, toward me state tourism possess strong operation significance, hunan lotus hotel namely same family pole tool on government owned three stars level hotel behalf of the for the last years, by way of hotel industry occupy quite specific gravity
從投入產出的角度講，如何提高飯店核心競爭能力，以達到提高企業經濟效益，盡快產生回報，加速貨幣回籠的目的，是飯店業嚴肅的話題。在經歷了近二十年步履艱難的國企改革歷程后，我國飯店業已開始由幼稚走向成熟，由賣方市場走向買方市場，這種轉變將使得部分理性的消費者享受到物有所值，也使部分膚淺的飯店品嘗到必然的失敗；近十年來，作為飯店業占相當比重的國有飯店在跨國飯店集團和民營飯店企業的雙重沖擊下，歷經了金融體制改革及銀行商業化、市場開放及解控、市場及競爭機制三個階段，由於計劃經濟遺留下來的問題、結構不合理造成的問題和重復投資造成的問題等三方面的原因，使得國有飯店在市場競爭中逐漸喪失競爭優勢，相繼出現困境，如何提高國有飯店競爭力的問題，對於我國旅遊業具有強烈的現實意義，湖南芙蓉賓館就是一家極具代表性的國有三星級飯店。And the comparatively depauperate status of bill market in china, which is one of three basic sub - market of money market, receives especial attention, because the development of the bill market is very important for both the construction of social credit system and the implement of macro - economic policy in china
其中，尤其是貨幣市場三大基礎性子市場之一的票據市場，其相對萎縮狀況更是令人擔憂，因為它的發展無論對於我國信用制度的建設還是宏觀調控政策的實施均具有重要意義。But as a kind of mature management system, it has n ' t been applied successfully in most of chinese companies. the reasons of that include misunderstanding of science property of overall budget management 、 unfit budget management organization 、 lack of scientific management methods, and another important reason is that most of companies use the traditional building method of budget management system. the traditional building method based on the company ' s existing department functions, keeping the existing management process and work process fixedness, and expressing the department ' s work plan in quantity or currency form as their budget
然而全面預算管理作為一項比較成熟的管理體系，在我國大部分企業卻並沒有得到很好的實施，這其中固然有對全面預算管理科學性認識不足、預算編制工作的組織不到位、缺乏科學的預算管理手段和控制手段等原因外，另一個重要原因是大部分企業在構建全面預算管理體系時使用的是傳統的構建方法，即基於企業現有的部門職能劃分而進行的，在保持作業流程和管理流程不變的情況下，將部門工作計劃以貨幣或數量的方式表示出來，即成為公司預算。The imprevidibility of the future : once in the summer of 1898 he bloom had marked a florin 2s. with three notches on the milled edge and tendered it in payment of an account due to and received by j. and t. davy, family grocers, 1 charlemont mall, grand canal, for circulation on the waters of civic finance, for possible, circuitous or direct, return
一八九八年夏天，有一次他布盧姆在一枚弗洛林銀幣值二先令周圍的飾紋上刻下三條道道，付給大運河查利蒙特林蔭路一號的j與t .戴維父子食品店，以便試驗一下該貨幣經過市民錢財交易的流通過程，直接或間接地回到自己手中的可能性。Frb had abandoned the traditional random walk and simple rules, but carried out the neutral rules to achieve the economy growth and price stability with casual steps
美聯儲摒棄傳統的相機抉擇或簡單單一規則，選擇以嚴謹的方式來實現經濟增長與物價穩定的「中性貨幣政策」 。Because along with the liberalization of china ’ s capital account, once the economic developing speed slows down, capital account and current account ’ s surpluses reverse to deficits, the appreciation expect of renminbi will be changed. at the same time, the high quota savings in china ’ s banks will also bring us inflation pressure, inapparent currency substitution may be turn into visible currency substitution. also, the great deal of currency substitution inclining may convert into real currency substitution because of the vulnerable financial system
但另一方面，它又離我們那麼近，因為隨著中國資本賬戶開放的逐漸深入，一旦我國經濟不能保持高速發展，資本賬戶和經常賬戶雙順差現象出現逆轉，人民幣升值的預期將被改變，而我國高額的人民幣儲蓄也將給我國帶來通脹壓力，隱性的貨幣替代將有轉為顯性貨幣替代的可能，由於金融體系脆弱性所造成的大量貨幣替代傾向也很可能轉化為真實的貨幣替代。If a country ' s money supply was exogenous, monetary policy using money supply tool is effective, central bank can adjust the money supply to adjust the macro economy ; conversely, if the money supply is endogenous, the monetary policy authorities will be unable to influence its money supply effectively, so that an attempt that the monetary policy authorities adjust money supply and then adjust the macro economy through monetary policy of money supply is ineffective. now under the condition of the inefficacy of monetary policy, the research on the endogenity of our country ’ s money supply is meaningful. first, this paper reviews the research on the endogenous money supply theories
首先，本文回顧了國內外關于貨幣供給內生性理論的研究，並據此澄清了貨幣供給內生性的概念;其次，本文依據貨幣供給的一般模型，找出影響我國貨幣供給特性的因素，結合我國的經濟現實對這些因素進行分析，得出我國貨幣供給存在內生性的結論;再次，本文依據我國宏觀經濟的統計數據，應用經濟計量方法，對我國貨幣供給內生性的結論進行了統計檢驗，檢驗結果對我國貨幣供給內生性的論斷給予了支持;最後，本文提出了內生貨幣供給條件下的貨幣政策中介目標選擇的建議。Thereinto, monetary fuctions is the foundation. after contrastive research on correlative monetary theories, we will draw conclusions that money was consequentially created is not only for overcoming the difficulty of labour exchange, but for meeting the need of a demand which possess integrated monetary fuctions. in each economic stage, monetary fuctions will change
本文以對貨幣職能轉變的認識為邏輯主線，這包括兩點轉變，一是不同時期貨幣職能的內容不同，一是同一貨幣職能在不同時期在經濟中的重要性也不同，來從新梳理已有貨幣理論中的幾個基本問題，並對已有的理論進行了拓展和創新。In modern economics, the prevailing monetary theory mainly refers to the monetary theories of prevailing keynesianism and monetarism. these theories were established upon the monetary exogeneity
現代經濟中，主流的貨幣理論主要是指主流凱恩斯主義和貨幣主義學派，這些理論建立在貨幣外生性基礎上。The first one is that money is whether neuter or unneuter
第一章為貨幣是否中性的探討。Under the opening economy condition, the exchange rate not only is a variable that affects the trade revenue and expenditure, but also becomes an important variable that affects macroeconomic policy of a country, international balances of payments, the domestic price level and the employment. exchange rate system influences monetary policy ultimate objective, and the currency supplies are not easy to control because that our country forces to complete a sale collects and the maintains exchange rate stably
在開放經濟條件下，匯率不僅是影響貿易收支的變量，而且成為影響一國宏觀經濟政策、國際收支平衡、國內物價水平和就業的重要變量。匯率制度影響貨幣政策最終目標，而且由於強制結售匯制度和維持匯率的穩定造成了貨幣中介目標貨幣供給量的內生性增強，外匯占款成為貨幣供給的主要渠道，大量外匯占款還改變了貨幣供給結構和貨幣政策傳導過程，加大了貨幣政策的操作難度。" keynesian revolution " breaks through the classical economics idea of " money neuter " and " dichtomy ", which causes, in " monetary transmission mechanism " of keynes, intrest rate possesses complete flexibility whereas goods price and wage rate shows " sticky state " at least in short run
「凱恩斯革命」對古典經濟理論的「貨幣中性」與「兩分法」觀念進行了突破，這一突破使得凱恩斯「貨幣傳導機制」中的利率具有充分伸縮性，而物價、貨幣工資率卻至少在短期內呈「剛性」或「粘性」 （即不易伸縮性） 。Specially, the author insists that the shocks from the price of non - monetary assets would be also vital to study the central bank ' s ability about controling monetary supply. so the author would answer these questions respetively according to monetary endogenisis and the price of non - monetary assets. in details, the main contents and results are as follows : ( 1 ) the monetary neutrality from static point of view
浙江大學博士學位誼文轉型期中國貨幣政策的有效性及其提升途徑這種分歧除了一般意義上的貨幣中性分歧外，對考慮了預期因素的貨幣中性問題以及不同方向（正或負）的貨幣中性問題也同樣存在嚴重分歧，而且當前國內外學者對貨幣中性的分歧也更多集中在後兩者即非一般意義上的貨幣中性問題。The author insists that bmp based on the immediate target of monetary supply lies on the next three facts
具體而言，本文的主要研究內容如下：一是貨幣中性與貨幣政策有效性。Second, if the effects of monetary shocks on output are obvious, then what ' s the transmission mechanism ? monetary channel or credit channel
顯然，貨幣中性問題是貨幣政策理論最核心的內容，是研究貨幣政策有效性問題的前提。It ' s the content that transmission mechanism of monetary policy would study. thirdly, can central bank control the monetary supply ? that is, the monetary supply was exogenous or endogenous
從總體上看，無論是理論上還是實證檢驗上，國內外學者對貨幣中性問題的研究尚遠遠沒有取得一致的結論，分歧較大。Jane j. thompson, the president of wal - mart financial services, called the prepaid cards and money center services “ foundational products
沃爾瑪財務主管珍妮.湯普森稱他們的預付款卡和貨幣中心服務是「基金性的產品」 。After discussing the definition and legal nature of electronic money, this article focuses on private law issues such as legal relationship, finality, adverse claims, issues in counterfeit electronic money, obligation of redemption, and public law issues such as legislative objectives, qualifications of issuing institution, supervision and anti - money laundering of electronic money
摘要在探討電子貨幣定義與法律性質后，重點研究電子貨幣法律關系、終結性、權利異議、偽造電子貨幣中的問題、贖回義務等私法問題，及立法宗旨、發行商資格、監管和反洗錢等公法問題。Which of the currencies is favoured depends on a range of factors including the exchange rate, whether there are differences in convertibility, and, perhaps most important, the preferences of the people doing the spending
這些貨幣中哪一種較受歡迎，要視乎很多因素而定，其中包括匯率可兌換性的程度，以及最重要的可能是消費者本身的喜好。In chapter four, we study the evolutionary law of intermediate targets in foreign countries firstly. on the basis of this, we analyze about our country ' s intermediate target of monetary policy at present. we argue that, as an intermediate target, money supplies is still reasonable, at the same time, we point out that inflation targeting is an orientation to the adjustment to intermediate target of chinese monetary policy
第四章我們對西方發達國家的貨幣政策的中介目標的演變規律進行了研究，在此基礎上，對我國當前貨幣政策的中介目標進行了分析，指出貨幣供應內容摘要量作為目前我國貨幣政策的中介目標的合理性以及通貨膨脹目標將會成為我國貨幣中介目標調整的新方向。分享友人