費用負荷 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bìyòngfùhé]
費用負荷 英文
expense burden
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 負 : Ⅰ名詞1 （負擔） burden; load 2 （虧損） loss 3 （失敗） defeat Ⅱ動詞1 [書面語] （背） carry on th...
  • 荷 : 荷名詞（蓮） lotus
  • 費用 : cost; expenses; outlay
  • 負荷 : [電學] load; charge; weight
  1. These years we have developed strongly acidic macroreticular catalysts based on styrene dvb. catalyst resin d006 for mtbe tame etbe, also as catalyst use for producing tba by isobutene hydration and direct producing gasoline with high octane rating by light gasoline etherification. d008 for sba ipa, also can be used for making methyl ethyl ketone by acetone one - stepping process, tert - butanol by isobutene hydration, etherified gasoline by the etherification of isopentene and isohexene in light gasoline with methyl alcohol, high

    以上，增強了催化活性，從而延長了使用壽命，提高了周期產量二低溫活性好，選擇性強，提高了mtbe的純度，降低了雜質含量三在同樣裝置中，可增大負荷，提高產量，降低生產成本和費用。
  2. Electricity metering - data exchange for meter reading, tarif and load control - part 31 : use of local area networks on twisted pair with carrier signalling

    電量計.抄表電費和負荷控制的數據交換.第31部分:帶有載波信號傳輸的雙絞線局域網的使用
  3. To prepare international standards for electrical energy measuring and electrical load control equipment ( such as watt - hour meters, var - hour meters, maximum demand indicators, telemetering for consumption and demand, equipment for remote meter reading, time switches, equipment for the control of loads and tarifs and consumer services ) including the equivalent electronic forms of these devices and their accessories

    負責制定電能測量和負荷控制設備（如：有功、無功電度表、最大需量指示器、損耗和需量的遙測、遠程抄表設備、時間開關、負荷和費率控制設備及用戶服務等）的國際標準，包括功能相近的運用電子技術實現的設備及其附件。
  4. Based on the concepts of nucleolus and shapley value, the start - up costs in an operating single period are allotted to each load. the advantages and shortcomings of the two methods are examined. the allocation of unit no - load costs is also studied

    文中首次提出根據各負荷引發的機組啟動費用責任大小來分攤機組啟動費用的原則，分別利用核仁法和shapley值對機組啟動費用進行分攤。
  5. Loss of load cost, energy not severed, net loss and loss of load duration, are considered when deciding which load should be curtailed

    最終需要停運負荷點時，切負荷策略綜合考慮了停電損失費用、停電電量、網損和停電時間因素。
  6. Hdlc electricity metering - data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control - part 46 : data link layer using hdlc protocol

    電量計.抄表電費和負荷控制的數據交換.第46部分:使用高級數據鏈路控制
  7. Electricity metering - data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control - part 42 : physical layer services and procedures for connection - oriented asynchronous data exchange

    電量計.抄表電費和負荷控制的數據交換.第42部分:面向連接的異步數據交換用物理層使用和程序
  8. Secondly, their aims are made the investment of substations, feeders or running cost of electric power system minimum. but they do n ' t take into account of land utilization, street accessibility of right of way, etc., but demands of electric power system. generally, a straight line distance, namely, euclid distance, was used for calculating the distance between a load point and a substation, which is a straight forward but non - practical way for most planning techniques

    其次受研究工具的限制，這些模型以工程投資、運行費用等最小為目標，僅能考慮導線載流量、電壓降等電力系統技術約束條件，簡化略去了用地限制、街道可達性等重要的自然約束條件，且求解這些模型的前奏是計算負荷點到變電所的歐幾里得距離（直線距離） ，簡便但不切合實際（這一點在城市電網規劃中尤其重要） ，因此較難給出技術上可行的最優解。
  9. Furthermore, block bidding avoids tying - sales of power energy, which can decrease the market payment and improve the market efficiency

    分段競價的電力市場按照持續的負荷段定價，避免了電能的搭配銷售，市場購電費用降低，市場效率提高。
  10. Discuses doas ' demand to fresh air humidity ratio and model by rotary wheel removing moisture load, and analyses its scheme and energy consumption of dons by rotary wheel removing moisture load based on solar energy regeneration, and result shows a 30 % energy saving comparing to cooling dehumidification, and it can supply cooling capacity freely when using directly underground water or cooling tower supplying cooling capacity during transition season periods

    討論了獨立新風系統對新風送風含濕量的要求和除濕轉輪承擔系統濕負荷的方案，分析了基於太陽能再生的轉輪除濕獨立新風系統空氣處理過程及能耗，結果顯示與直接冷卻除濕的獨立新風系統相比節能30 % ，在直接利用地下水供冷或在過渡季節使用冷卻塔供冷的情況下則可以達到免費供冷的目的。
  11. Section iii proposes a possible organization of a reactive power market, a regional reactive power market established according to the distribution of the load and the reactive supply. the regional reactive power market is composed of a reactive energy market based on marginal pricing and a reactive capacity market based on a reactive regulating capacity payment. the cases in section iv, based on the market organization proposals and the reactive bid structure previously presented, performed on a five - bus system and the ieee 14 bus system, are used to analysis the effects of active bid, voltage control and power factor on the reactive marginal price

    本文首先回顧了電力市場發展的歷史和現狀；然後對市場中的定價方法和無功輔助服務的內容及特點進行了總結，並介紹了一些國家的無功輔助服務市場模式和交易方法；接著立足我國國情，提出了單邊開放電力市場下的無功市場框架：即根據負荷和無功源的分佈特點建立區域無功市場，各區域無功市場又由相應的無功電量市場和無功容量市場組成；並提出了該無功市場模式下的機組報價模型和基於報價的以系統總購電費用最小為目標的無功電價計算方法；最後用一個5節點系統和ieee14節點系統進行了實例分析，初步研究了發電機有功報價、系統電壓控制以及負荷功率因數對無功電價的影響，得出了一些有借鑒意義的結論。
  12. Based on the theory of branch complex power, accurate formulas are derived to determine complex loss and flow components in power elements. to overcome the deficiencies of the traditional methods which transmission cost is allocated to users only based on active power flow and the existed using portion definitions which fail to take it into account that the interaction of active and reactive power, a new definition of the using portion of a power element by a particular generator or load is addressed

    針對當前輸電費用只按有功潮流進行分配，無法計及無功潮流交叉影響的缺陷和基於傳統的電路理論無法結合有功無功潮流來定義元件使用份額的問題，本文又在復功率電源的支路功率分量理論基礎之上，基於發電機和負荷的復功率在支路上引起的有功損耗分量，給出了發電機和負荷對元件使用份額的新定義。
  13. In this paper ， a novel fuzzy optimization model and algorithm to optimize the locations ， sizes and service areas of mv / lv distribution transformers in urban distribution network planning which can consider the imprecision and possibility of spatial load, the voltage level constraints and the cost of objective function is presented

    給出了考慮負荷、供電電壓水平約束和目標函數最小費用的不精細性的城市電網中壓配電變壓器位置、容量和供電范圍的模糊優化規劃模型及演算法。
  14. Third, draw a unilateral line from every load node to the sink point. the line ' s capacity is the load value of the node and the cost is zero

    從所有負荷節點到匯點各引一條單向弧，弧容量為節點負荷值，弧費用為零。
  15. In the mode using constant rate water pump, pumps are put to run atfull capacity in all operation cycles, with no means for water flow rateregulation attached, incurring significant waste of electric power

    高位水箱造價較高，並且需要增加樓房的設計強度，增加了投資成本。恆速泵打水總是滿負荷運轉，不能根據用水量的多少調整泵流量，因此浪費電能。
  16. Firstly, there is no adequate limitation on the initiation of appeal, which encourages the abuse of the appeal procedure and results in the waste of judicial resources and increase of judicial costs as well as the caseload in the court system

    一方面造成了稀缺的司法資源被浪費，導致訴訟成本增加與訴訟時間延長；另一方面，由於法院負荷的增加，嚴重影響二審作為上訴審的正常功能，尤其是統一法律適用功能之發揮。
  17. Package handling module ( package _ server ) is responsible for assigning all received messages, which can advance real time capability ; communication agent module ( sp _ agent & smc _ agent ) is responsible for communicating with external entities, but does n ' t identify message contents, which can lighten burden of package handling module ; store - and - forward module ( store _ server ) completes store - and - forward mechanism by setting up timer, and implements overtime retransferring and failure handling ; routing module ( route _ server ) is responsible for maintaining the links with the other ismgs to implement routing ; feeing module only consists of some functions which can be called to record message items

    其中，業務處理模塊（ package _ server ）負責分派所有收到的外來消息，提高實時性；通信代理模塊（ sp _ agent & smc _ agent ）負責與外界實體通信，不具體識別消息，可減輕業務處理模塊負荷過重的壓力；存儲轉發模塊（ store _ server ）通過設置計時器完成存儲轉發機制，實現超時重傳和失敗處理；路由模塊（ route _ server ）負責維護與其他網關的通信鏈路，實現路由；計費模塊只是一些可供調用的函數，用來完成話單記錄的功能。
  18. The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches

    主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。
  19. After this, a more detailed analysis on several aspects of the hunan electric power market including social economy, structural situation, consume structure, power consumption, etc. shows the fact that the increase in the power consumption in recent years is mainly due to that in the first industry and residents " daily life. we also draw the conclusion that the ease of the contradiction between demand and supply in the electric power market tends to present the natural principle in that market

    首先對湖南省能源資源和電力工業進行了概況分析，然後分析了湖南省電力市場的以下幾個方面：社會經濟狀況，用電結構與用電負荷；電力市場中的消費增長近年主要由第一產業和居民生活用電增長拉動；電力市場用電負荷因供需矛盾的緩和而更趨表現其自然性規律；最後做了湖南省鯉魚江電廠擴建工程對改善湖南電力工業現狀的意義分析。
  20. Although oil is used only in the case of ignition and low load operation, the amount is very great. in order to save the precious and expensive oil, a novel technology, induction - heating multi - stage free - oil ignition technology of pulverized coal ( mfit ), is brought forward in this thesis. based on the study of ignition mechanism of coal, ignition criterion, heating method and ignition theory of pulverized coal ( pc ), mfit integrates hot - wall ignition technology, induction heating technology and multi - stage ignition technology

    為降低電站鍋爐點火成本和低負荷運行費用、解決電站鍋爐點火用油和低負荷助燃用油居高不下的問題，在分析研究煤的著火機理、著火判據、加熱方式和煤粉的點燃理論的基礎上，本文將熱壁面點火、感應加熱、多級點火等過程有機地結合起來，進行了感應加熱煤粉多級無油點火的試驗研究。
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