資要債務 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zīyāozhàiwù]
資要債務
英文
subordinate debt-
Adopting the theoretical and case analyses measures, there were 5 parts in the article as follows : the 1st part was to introduce the definition and standard of the s & m enterprises and analyze the function of their roles playing in the economy. the 2nd part was mainly to introduce the debt financing of the s & m enterprises and analyze the status in quo of their loan - applying by cases. the 3rd part was to analyze the reasons why the information dissymmetry leads the banks " credit admeasure for the s & m enterprises
全文採用理論分析和案例分析相結合的方法，文章共分為五個部分：第一部分是在介紹中小企業的定義及標準的基礎上，分析中小企業在經濟中的作用；第二部分主要介紹中小企業的債務融資，並對我國中小企業貸款的現狀進行了較為詳細的實證分析；第三部分著重分析信息不對稱引發銀行對中小企業實行信貸配給的產生機理；第四部分提出緩解我國中小企業貸款難的一些對策和建議；最後是結論。Concern the provision of audit work station according to accounting method, if an accounting clerk manages debt already, provide check again, apparent and easy cheat, should give so prohibit ; the accountant record of an unit is custodial, it is the accountant such as budget of forms for reporting statistics of book of zhang of all sorts of prooves that point to this pair of units, accountant, accountant, financial plan, unit and important contract data, after be being collected regularly, examine a nucleus to be opposite, arrange stand roll, schedule, bound into book custodial, if allow a person to manage the debt of an unit already, keep again accountant record, made motion easily on debt apparently later the action that the opportunity of record of recycle government accountant covers him, give so prohibit : the registering job of items of an account of debt of the income of an unit, defray, charge, creditor ' s rights, the much that includes station of work of charge to an account but not be all ( for instance cash journal and bank come - and - go journal are not included ), this part charge to an account works, it is the foundation of business accounting of an unit accountant, also be the basis that produces cash come - and - go, also cannot hold part - time by cashier personnel, a person manages debt already, manage charge to an account again the basis that this produces debt come - and - go, very easy defalcate
根據會計法有關稽核工作崗位的規定，假如一個會計工作人員既管錢款，又管復核，顯然輕易作假，所以要予以禁止；一個單位的會計檔案保管，是指對本單位的各種憑證、會計賬簿、會計報表、財務計劃、單位預算和重要的合同等會計資料，定期收集后，審查核對，整理立卷，編制目錄、裝訂成冊的保管，假如答應一個人既治理一個單位的錢款，又保管會計檔案，顯然輕易在錢款上做了手腳之後再利用治理會計檔案的機會掩蓋自己的行為，所以予以禁止：一個單位的收入、支出、費用、債權債務賬目的登記工作，包括記賬工作崗位的大部分但不是全部（比如現金日記賬和銀行往來日記賬就不包括在內） ，這部分記賬工作，是一個單位會計核算的基礎，也是發生現金往來的根據，也不能由出納人員兼任，一個人既治理錢款，又治理記賬這一發生錢款往來的根據，很輕易監守自盜。The former mostly includes finance trench, which consists of urban maintenance and constructive tax, add - ons of public utility, urban land - using tax, the debt of local government, remise of urban state - own land - using right and special national debt capital, and so on ; administrative charge trench, which consists of apportion, raising the price of urban infrastructure products and services, and so on ; practicality investing trench, which mostly consists of corresponding capital for urban infrastructure provided by real estate exploiters ; other financing trenches, which consist of time - limiting remise of operating authority on urban infrastructure section, introducing into foreign capital, short term loan of civil financing institution, and so on. the latter includes the innovation on the main investors, which consist of the anticipation of civilian capital and other non - financing institutions, and the innovation on financing tools, which consist of project financing, investment funds on industry, municipal bonds and initial public offering, and so on
前者主要指以政府作為投資主體下的各種融資工具，包括財政稅收渠道（包括城市維護建設稅和公用事業附加、城鎮土地使用稅、地方政府債務、城市國有土地使用權有償出讓、國債專項資金等） ；行政收費渠道（包括攤派、提高基礎設施產品和服務的價格等） ；實物投資渠道（主要是讓房地產開發商為城市基礎設施提供配套資金） ；其它融資渠道（包括市政設施部門專營權有限期出讓、引進外資、國內金融機構的短期貸款等） ；後者則包括融資主體的創新（民間資本的參與以及其它非銀行金融機構的介入）和融資工具的創新（項目融資、產業投資基金、市政債券、股票上市等） 。Our need is not to scale down debt, but to raise huge amounts of new capital.
我們所需要的不是減少債務，而是籌措龐大數額的新資金。At the same time, economic crisis, financial deficit and other factors such as burden of debts reduced greatly the governments " ability to invest and borrow money, private sources funds again were sought to cover up the capital shortage. on the other hand, some international consortia were looking for ways to invest for the purpose of maximum of profit. hence some international contracting companies and experienced developing countries began their trial to promote private ownership and operation of infrastucture projects, through the way of accession agreement with limited recourse
然而進入80年代，現有的基礎設施已不能滿足經濟發展和人們生活的需要，而經濟危機、財政赤字、沉重債務負擔等因素使政府的投資能力和對外借債能力大為減弱，只能轉而尋求私營部門的資本來彌補資金的不足；同時國際上一些大財團因資本積累，急於加快資本周轉和增值，追求利潤最大化，一些國際承包公司和有經驗的發展中國家開始探索通過有限追索權貸款以特許方式促進私人擁有和經營基礎設施項目。And different capital sources, namely the proportion of corporation share and debt have important influence to corporation benefits
而不同的資金來源，主要是權益融資還是債務融資之間的數量關系將對公司財務狀況和提高公司經濟效益具有十分重要的影響。Structure financial instrument includes commercial mortgage - backed securities ( cmbs ), asset - backed securities ( abs ), real estate investment trusts ( reit ), and residential mortgage - backed securities ( cmbs ). according the research report of us, most of abs and mbs is floating interest rate, and credit rate is aaa and duration is short term. also, the structure of abs and mbs are different with different client requirement of cash flow
在美國金融市場上的結構化金融產品包括個人住房貸款抵押支持證券（ rmbs ） 、商業貸款抵押支持證券（ cmbs ） 、債務抵押債券（ cdo ）和資產支持證券（ abs ） ，而abs主要包括信用卡應收賬款支持證券（ creditcardabs ） 、汽車貸款支持證券（ autoabs ） 、學生貸款支持證券（ studentloanabs ）和家庭財產支持證券（ homeequityloanabs ）等。E ) lack of foresight on finance lease scheme, which causes irrational tenor structure and imbalanced annual outflow of rental payments, results in funding costly. to solve aforesaid problems, thesis finds out the following principles for optimizing ca ' s aircraft finance : a ) determining the volume and currencies of ca ' s cross - border aircraft finance based on the annual outflow of foreign debt repayments and annual net inflow of foreign exchange, so are the dominated currencies in debt. b ) enlarging the portion of borrowings at floating interest rate in ca ' s whole foreign debt
針對以上存在主要問題，本文進一步提出了優化飛機融資的總體構想，包括：根據其每年的外匯流入總量及幣種構成確定國航合理的飛機境外融資規模應與負債幣種；在利率結構方面，擴大浮動利率在整個國航外債中的比重，選擇適當時機將部分固定利率貸款轉換為浮動利率貸款；在飛機引進多元化方面，通過與飛機製造廠商、出租公司飛機互換的方式優化機隊構成，結合提前中止現有飛機租賃就能夠起到優化債務結構和機隊構成的事半功倍的效果，以及在未來飛機融資中優先使用經營性租賃等。The payment and settlement system is the indispensable infrastructure of the market economy, which is composed by the capital transferring rules, the payment service ’ s offering organization and the way of realizing the capital ’ s settlement. and, it is also one of the financial arrangements about the realization between liability and assets
支付系統是市場經濟中金融基礎設施的重要組成部分，它是由關于資金轉移的規則、提供支付清算服務的機構和實現支付指令傳送及資金清算的手段共同組成的，用以實現債權債務清償及資金轉移的一種金融安排。Because of non - systemic information, we should escape the moral risk by proper contract, they design many programs of the bank - firm restitution ; the role that the bank exercised on the firm is completed by debt constraint, and the bank influences the government construction of the firm by debt rights. the bank directly gives capital support to firms, and analyses the firms " ability of returning debt, and the bonding value, and make the load - decision
主要研究在信息不對稱情況下，如何通過完善契約來防範道德風險；銀企債務重組的設計；銀行對企業治理的作用的實現方案，即通過債權影響公司的治理結構，直接插手評價企業的經營狀況、投資決策、償債能力，以及分析企業的抵押價值並以之作為放貸決策的前提。The structured finance team rates collateralized debt obligations, or " cdos, " which are securities derived from a pool of underlying credit instruments
他們的結構金融隊伍主要負責評估債務抵押債券，這是從各種標的信用工具的資產池中衍生出來的證券。This organization has a distinctive characteristic as described by the following : the general partner provides limited funds to exchange the executive power in the partnership enterprises, meanwhile that has infinity liability to all partner debt. limited partner is responsible for most funds and shares the most profit, which has no executive power on the management but has the limited liability on the basis of the sums
這一合夥形態為大學生、科技人員等智能型人才從事創業投資提供了制度契機，他們可以考慮以科技成果出資，成為有限合伙人，承擔有限責任，既收經營之利，又無需負擔無限連帶責任之累;而財力雄厚的企業家，則以普通合伙人的身份加入合夥組織，普通合伙人以有限的出資，換取合夥企業事務的執行權，但需要對合夥債務承擔無限責任。There are some direct reasons explaining the origins of village debts. village enterprises are set up blindness, without any justifications, so most of them do not get benefits and are even bankrupt. village organizations borrow money for submission fanners " tax and expenses that could not be afford by the farmers
村級債務形成的直接原因主要有：村集體工業項目缺乏論證，盲目興辦造成欠資或者倒閉；農戶欠稅費，村組織借資墊交；不顧客觀條件，超前興辦公益事業；管理不善，非生產性開支過大；集資攤派，達標評比；歷史遺留債務至今沒有解決；天災人禍，突發事件等。Article 7 if a state - owned enterprise is to be reorganized into a company, it must, in accordance with the conditions and requirements prescribed by national statutes and administrative regulations, change its operating mechanism, and orderly identify and verify its assets, determine the respective owners of the property rights therein, settle its creditor ' s rights and liabilities, conduct assets appraisal, and set up standard internal management organs
第七條：國有企業改建為公司，必須依照法律、行政法規規定的條件和要求，轉換經營機制，有步驟地清產核資，界定產權，清理債權債務，評估資產，建立規范的內部管理機構。Liquid liabilities ( also called quick liabilities or immediate liabilities ) refer to enterprises ' total debt payable within an operating cycle of one year or over one year, including short term loans, payables and advance payments, wages payable, taxes payable and profit payable, etc
流動負債指企業在一年內或者超過一年的一個營業周期內需要償還的債務合計，其中包括短期借款、應付及預收款項、應付工資、應交稅金和應交利潤等。The characteristics of home mortgages themselves determines that there will be poor liquidity of the assets and it is because of this that at present every bank closely restricts the term of the loan. a third defect is that there are large risks because the mortgage loan is a very long - term creditor ' s asset and the bank is faced with huge risks in the interest rates. in addition, credit risks will occur when the client losses their ability to repay the loan for any reason or when the client feels that the benefits of breaching the contract outweigh the losses and the bank, as the operator of the financial products as its main business, will promptly recover the mortgaged items
儲蓄期限一般較短，而按揭貸款的還款期限較長，銀行長期資產與短期負債不匹配，就不能化解未來不確定性帶來的風險；二是資產的流動性和期限呈反方向變動，期限越長，流動性越低，住房抵押貸款本身的特性決定了其流動性較差，因此目前各銀行都嚴格限制貸款期限；三是風險大，由於按揭貸款是期限很長的債權資產，銀行面臨的利率風險就很大；另外，當客戶因某種原因失去償還能力或者認為違約產生的利益超過違約所產生的損失時，就會發生信用風險，而銀行以金融產品為主要業務，即使收回抵押物，但如何處置不良資產仍是諸多銀行頭痛的問題。If the enterprise changes the present property to be insufficient to pay off the due debt, it is very difficult obtains the loan from the bank or other units again, very difficult to obtain the preferential benefit again from supplier there which buys on credit. thus affects the enterprise to loan the fund directly, affects the normal production and the management. therefore analyze the debt paying ability has extremely important realistic value
償債能力是企業償還到期債務的能力，如果企業變現資產不足以清償到期債務，就很難再從銀行或其他單位取得借款，很難再從供應商那裡取得賒購的優惠，從而直接影響企業籌借資金的能力，影響正常的生產和經營，因此對償債能力進行分析具有十分重要的現實價值。A lesser risk, in the regulator ' s view, stems from the levels of debt used to finance private - equity deals
從監管者的角度看來，用於私募股權投資交易融資的債務，其水平也會產生次要的風險。The fund shortage is the existing problem at large in the period of developing, thus it is the hard task how to lessen the financing problem of sme. the financing of sme can be divided into debt financing - and right financing. the text analyze the actuality and the existing problem firstly, put forward the manners of financing of sme in the side of right financing, and introduce the manners of venture investment in detail
然後詳細介紹了股權融資和債務融資：股權融資可分為內源融資和外源融資，中小企業主要通過外源融資中的非正式股權融資獲得資金，而高新技術企業還可通過股權融資新方式? ?風險投資融資獲得資金；對應地，債務融資分為直接融資和間接融資，本文著重分析了融資租賃方式融資。Indeed, just in the first half of this year the net outflow of portfolio investments was 11. 5 times the current account surplus. and there are large changes in the other large items in the capital account, namely, direct investments and what are conveniently classified as other investments reflecting largely changes in the external assets and liabilities of the banks, which can be generated by many unpredictable events
事實上，今年上半年錄得凈流出的組合投資便已是經常帳盈餘的11 . 5倍，而資本帳其他主要項目亦有重大的變動，其中包括直接投資及其他投資主要反映銀行對外資產債務的變動，而這些變動可因種種無法預計的事件而出現。分享友人