起模桿 的英文怎麼說

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

Taking thickness of web members and main chords as design variables and the lightest weight of crane booms as objective junction, considering constraints of rigidity and stability etc., this paper establishes the math model of optimal design

摘要選取起重機臂架的腹桿壁厚和各節臂架的主弦桿壁厚為設計變量，以最小重量為優化目標，考慮剛度和穩定性等約束條件，建立優化數學模型。

Abstract : determined the power - time curves of the promoter bacteria of ganoderma lucidum for e. coli, using 2277 thermal activity moniter, a new experimental model of promoter bacteria growth were established. the growth rate constant and heat output at different concentration of ganoderma lucidum have been calculated. from - c and q - c curves the optimum concentration has also been established

文摘:用熱活性檢測儀測定了天然藥物靈芝對大腸桿菌起促菌作用的熱功率-時間曲線，並根據曲線建立了細菌生長的新的實驗模型，按新模型計算了促菌作用下的生長速率常數，發熱量及最佳促菌濃度。

It builds a physical model according to hoisting capacity, lifting angle and structural stabiliy, theory, solves the problem of function relationships among lifting capacity, lifting angle, boom weight, boom dimension and deduces the natural boundary condition of design parameters, providing a new way to determine crane design parameters

摘要將起重量和起吊幅度為基本設計依據，以壓桿穩定理論為分析基礎，結合專業知識，建立物理模型，解決了起重量、起吊幅度與吊臂質量、吊臂主要參數之間的函數關系的難題，首次確定出設計參數的自然邊界條件，為起重機設計者提供了確定設計參數的新方法和科學依據，具有開創意義。

Thirdly, it simulated the pumping circuit & dividing circuit with the widely used software matlab / simulink. the displacement of the rod piston and the impact of hydraulic are analyzed in the different input flow ( frequency of pump ) and different reversing time. it found out the cause of hydraulic impact ( one - to - one incorrespondence between the response time of dividing circuit and the operation time of rod piston ), and gave some methods to weaken hydraulic impact. in the final part of the paper, the reliability of the theory analysis is further verified by the experiment of hydraulic system

首先在流變學原理的基礎上，深入分析混凝土在輸送管道內的流動狀態，得出混凝土泵的負載特性方程；然後根據功率鍵合圖的建模方法，建立泵送迴路和分配迴路的數學模型，並運用模擬軟體matlab simulink對泵送和分配迴路模型進行了模擬，分析了在不同的輸入流量（泵送頻率）和換向時間下，活塞桿的位移和系統的液壓沖擊情況，找到了引起液壓沖擊的根本原因（即分配迴路的響應時間（固定值）與活塞桿的運動時間（變化值）不相匹配） ，並提出了相應的改進方法。

The main mechanism is designed based on differential lever theory and flexure hinge, its magnification performance is simulated using finite element method ( fem ). the simulation result shows that the main mechanism owes good magnification performance

基於差動杠桿原理和柔性鉸鏈結合起來設計了液體中運動微機器人的主體機構，並利用有限元法對主體結構的放大性能進行了模擬，所研製的放大機構具有較好的放大效果。

Experimental techniques for simulating cavity decoupling explosion in laboratory wear developed, which include a center initiating explosive charge designed in shape of mini - spherical with yield equivalent to 0. 125 ~ 8. 00gtnt, circular electromagnetic particle velocity gages and aluminum bar strain gages measurement techniques, spherical divergent stress waves generator. large amount of tamped and cavity explosion experiments had been made in granite, soil, cement mortar and water media environment, respectively

本文建立起了包括中心起爆的0 . 125 8 . 00gtnt微型球形炸藥裝置的研製、圓環形電磁粒子速度計及鋁桿應變計測試技術和球形發散應力波實驗裝置等在內的實驗室微型藥量空腔解耦化爆模擬技術，並在花崗巖、土、水泥砂漿和水等介質中進行了大量的填實和空腔爆炸實驗研究。

Finally by use of c + + and opengl, the practical simulation system software has been developed, which makes control manufacture combined with the whole complex screw pole manufacture process such as parameter input, design and selection of milling cutter, interference judgement, interpolation computing, three - dimension simulation and numeral code, in order for the guide of theory research and manufactural practice

最後利用c + +和opengl設計並實現了較實用的軟體模擬系統，使整個復雜螺旋桿的加工過程從參數輸入、刀具設計選擇、干涉判定、差補計算、三維模擬到數控程序生成和控制加工有機地結合起來，以期對理論研究和加工實踐起到指導作用。

In the wave trough of the pressure curve, the pressure may be then if the rocket is accelerating or if it has assembling defects, the early explosion of the grenade on the ballistic may be caused

該模型的微分方程計算結果表明微小彈簧在彈道上的振動過程會使導電桿的受壓產生周期性變化，尤其是在一些波谷處，導電桿幾乎不受壓力，此時如果有火箭加速和其它裝配缺陷等因素的影響，就會引起彈丸在彈道上的早炸。

A port tyre crane has various parts and complex structure, which is made up plenty of beam - bar and shell elements, manual calculation can not guarantee the precision while finite element method needs onerous structure modeling and a great deal of date input. the finite element analysis and modeling of the port tyre crane are difficult because of complex structure and various loads. in order to fit further more design and exploitation of the same type as well as the upgrade of the production i study a kind of parametric software for structure analysis of the port tyre crane, it can reduce the difficulty of modeling and structure analysis as well as improve efficiency

港口輪胎式起重機部件繁多、結構復雜，由數目眾多的梁桿與板殼組成，其結構設計和力學分析使用傳統的手工計算方法難以保證精度，有限元方法則需要繁重的結構建模和大量的數據輸入，並且要求分析人員具有相當的力學知識和有限元基本理論。港口輪胎起重機結構的復雜性、載荷工況的多變性導致港口輪胎起重機結構有限元建模和分析工作效率低、難度大。針對這種情況本課題研發了一套港口輪胎式起重機結構的有限元參數化分析軟體，以適應同類機型的進一步設計開發和產品升級換代，降低建模和分析的工作難度，提高工作效率。

This paper use the principle of mass concrete temperature raise and down will make concrete inside stress and strain cause change, and mixture ratio of concrete effect temperature stress, and the principle of equilibrium management model of china - pole, and the test curve of temperature in engineering, and the model experiment " anti - pull " together of mass concrete etc, to studied mass concrete anti - crack theory in design, construction and management

本文採用大體積混凝土溫度升降引起混凝土內部的應力和應變產生變化及混凝土的配合比對其溫度應力的影響原理、鏈桿平衡管理模型的計算原理、工程溫度實測曲線、大體積混凝土「抗?放」結合模型的試驗結果等研究了大體積混凝土在配筋設計、施工及施工管理過程中的抗裂措施。

The main work of this paper was as fellows : ( 1 ) generalized the development of pre - stressed steel structure in our nation and abroad, and pointed out the main problem in practice ; ( 2 ) presented the mechanism of pre - stressed steel structure and revealed its applicable range ; ( 3 ) established the optimization design model for pre - stressed steel structure, which accounts for constraints on stresses and displacements of structure ; ( 4 ) brought forward the optimization design method, which combined linear programming and the principle of full restriction, through which we can obtain the magnitude of each time pre - stress and the optimized sections of each members of structure ; ( 5 ) analyzed the best times of pre - stress and pointed out that 2 ~ 3 times is preferable ; ( 6 ) conducted optimization design on large - space steel roof, horizontal parallel steel truss with local cables, horizontal parallel steel truss with global cable, and ultra - static steel truss, the result of which indicated that the multiple pre - stress structure is very economic ; ( 7 ) compared different schemes of cable placement for horizontal parallel steel truss, and the results showed that the local cable only unloaded the second girders, but had no response on the first girders and stomach poles, while global cable could unload the second girders and the stomach poles outside of turning point of cable, thus proving that global cable is more economic than local - cable

本文的主要工作是：對國內外預應力鋼結構的發展歷史及現狀作了綜述和總結，指出當前預應力鋼結構工程實踐中存在的主要問題；闡述了預應力鋼結構的受力機理，並指出預應力鋼結構的適用范圍和特點；在考慮結構應力和變位約束的條件下，建立預應力鋼結構優化設計模型；提出多次預應力鋼結構優化設計方法和步驟，採用線性規劃和滿約束準則相結合的優化方法，可優化設計出施加的每一級預應力的大小，並得到結構各部分的優化截面；對多次預應力最佳的施加次數作了分析，並建議以2 3次為宜；為驗證文中理論和方法，分別對大跨多次預應力鋼屋架、局部布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架、整體布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架和局部布索的超靜定鋼桁架等算例進行了優化設計，經濟效益明顯；對水平平行弦鋼桁架的幾種施加預應力的方案進行比較，對于局部布索，預應力只對下弦起到卸載作用，對上弦和腹桿基本不起作用；而整體布索預應力除對下弦卸載外，對索折點以外部分腹桿也起到卸載作用，經濟效益好於局部布索。

The plague is a kind of when cause by the plague bacili spirited contagion, basically pass the flea on mice body, the plague bacili in blood of inspiratory disease rat, bite a person to cause disease again, form " rat one flea one person " transmission mode, sick also rat is gnawed bite a person to have transmission with the channel such as food

鼠疫是由鼠疫桿菌引起的一種烈性傳染病，主要通過老鼠身上的跳蚤，吸入病鼠血液中的鼠疫桿菌，再次叮咬人致病，形成「鼠一蚤一人」的傳播模式，也有病鼠啃咬人用食品等渠道進行傳播。

For the cranes which arm angle and length is alterable, its utmost hoist competence is changeable. so we must found the characteristic curve math model of the crane. then the plc programme can provide protection for the crane working according to the math model

對于臂桿角度和長度可變的起重機而言，其起吊重量極限值是變化的，這就要求事先建立這類起重機的起重特性曲線的數學模型，然後再讓plc程序按照給定的數學模型對起重機進行安全作業保護。

This can be of significant benefit to cut down the cost and time limit for a project the program package gone with this paper may realizes the dynamic simulation for all of courses in hoisting, and may synchronously displays the axis force of derrick, the pull - force of the steel wire, obliquity of equipment and overloading instance

這有利於工程實踐中方案變更、施工現場條件復雜多變等的方案驗算，節約成本和縮短工期。本論文程序為桅桿吊裝整個過程實現了動態模擬，顯示桅桿軸向壓力、鋼絲繩拉力、設備傾角和起重超載提示，為安全吊裝設備提供重要的數據，有利於作業過程的全程監控。

Venture capital has been overshadowed in recent years by the rapid rise of big leveraged buy - out funds

近年來，大規模杠桿收購基金的快速興起令風險資本相形見絀。

By acquiring the structure and environment parameters, the active control can greatly reduce the vibration on the model and the supporters caused by the unsteady aerodynamic force which badly influences the experienced data precision

在進行風洞試驗時，受非定常氣動力的作用，模型會與天平、支桿和支架一起產生振動。模型劇烈的振動嚴重影響風洞測力試驗數據的精度。

These enterprises annually turn out 40 thousand kilometers of low, medium and high voltage electric cables, 10 thousand kilometers of telecommunication cables, 35 thousand kilometers of electric wires and 10 thousand tons of steel - cored twisted aluminium cables and bare copper wires. it has become the famous " city of cables " in the east china. shuguan co. ltd and huaneng co. ltd have a strong competitive power in this trade. investment direction : processing and production of various cables and wires for electricity, control and telecommunication and special cables

-異軍突起的燈具集群：形成了燈具燈泡燈桿製造三大行業門類，擁有包括鋼管板材鍍鋅壓鑄燈具燈泡燈桿等製造業各類規模以上企業180多家，年產銷能力25億元，形成了從鋼卷材開平焊管熱鍍鋅鋁壓鑄電光源等配套體系，是華東地區最大的道路燈具生產基地。

In chapter 3, the control object of this subject, which is a three - link gymnastic robot on horizontal bar with limited joint torque and joint angle is brought forward and its mathematic model is developed. after simulating of the movement of the gymnasts, the control task of this subject is designed as a series swing - up and balance movement, the key point of control is analyzed

第三章，提出本課題研究的對象：關節力矩和旋轉角度受限的三連桿單杠體操機器人，推導了它的數學模型；提出要完成的控制任務：模仿體操運動員上杠動作而設計的擺起倒立動作，分析了這套動作的控制關鍵。

Combining the design of portal crane luffing mechanism, this paper set up the math model independently and synthetically of the single boom system with compensating pulley and level - balancing weight. use genetic algorithms to optimize the model, the calculated results show as follows the genetic algorithms is effective and manipulable, the synthetically optimize is best than independently optimize. the optimization program of luffing mechanism was build, and this will be a useful tool in the design of crane

結合門座起重機變幅機構的設計，建立了導向滑輪補償系統和杠桿? ?活對重臂架自重平衡系統獨立模型和綜合模型的未平衡力矩最小的優化問題，結合遺傳演算法對它進行了優化，結果證實了該演算法的有效性和可行性，表明了綜合優化比獨立優化更能提高優化的準確性。