超上位作用 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [chāoshàngwèizuòyòng]
超上位作用
英文
over-epistasis-
As object lessons to explain : 1 the nature and habits of oviparous animals, the possibility of aerial flight, certain abnormalities of vision, the secular process of imbalsamation : 2 the principle of the pendulum, exemplified in bob, wheelgear and regulator, the translation in terms of human or social regulation of the various positions clockwise of movable indicators on an unmoving dial, the exactitude of the recurrence per hour of an instant in each hour, when the longer and the shorter indicator were at the same angle of inclination, videlicet, 5 5 11 minutes past each hour per hour in arithmetical progression
他把它們作為實物教材，用以說明： 1卵生動物的本性與習性，空中飛行的可能性，一種異常的視覺器官，世俗界用防腐藥物保存屍體的方式。 2體現于擺錘輪與整時器上的鐘擺的原理不動的針盤上那可移動的正轉的長短指針在各個位置作為人或社會規范所包含的意義長針和短針每小時在同一傾斜度相遇的那一瞬間，也就是說，按照算術級數，每小時超過5 5 11分的那一瞬間，每小時重復一次的精確性146 。For protective female worker healthy, law set the labor range that female worker prohibits be engaged in, unit of choose and employ persons must not arrange female worker to be engaged in the following these law prohibit the labor that female worker is engaged in : ( 1 ) course of study of mine well dirty ; ( 2 ) silvan industry cutting, put in arris and banish exercise ' s charge ; ( 3 ) " physical labor intensity classifications " the 4th class in the standard the exercise of physical labor intensity ; ( 4 ) the assembly of bldg. scaffold and remove operation, and the altitude wiring of electric power, telegraphic industry works ; ( 5 ) load continuously ( point to load the frequency is in 6 times hourly above ) load every time more than 20 kilograms, discontinuous load load every time more than 25 kilograms exercise
為了保護女職工的身體健康，法律規定了女職工禁止從事的勞動范圍，用人單位不得安排女職工從事以下這些法律禁止女職工從事的勞動： （ 1 ）礦山井下作業； （ 2 ）森林業伐木、歸楞及流放作業； （ 3 ） 《體力勞動強度分級》標準中第四級體力勞動強度的作業； （ 4 ）建築業腳手架的組裝和拆除作業，以及電力、電信行業的高處架線作業； （ 5 ）連續負重（指每小時負重次數在6次以上）每次負重超過20公斤，間斷負重每次負重超過25公斤的作業。The ultrasonic dynamic contact of bolt - clamped transducer and rigid plane are modeled using hertzian contact theory, and the analyzing results reveal that the nodal plane of the bolt - clamped transducer is levitated in normal direction by the ultrasonic dynamic contact action, and the real area of contact of bolt - clamped transducer and rigid plane decreases in the same time
首先利用赫茲接觸理論建立了夾心式換能器和剛性平面的超聲動態接觸模型。通過對模型進行分析、求解表明，在縱向超聲頻率動態接觸作用下，換能器節面位置產生了上浮，換能器端面與剛性平面的動態真實接觸面積比靜態時減少了。The expansion agents can only make up the shrinkage to some extent, and the compensation effects would be reduced when the retardener and fly - ash are used. the expansion agents are not panaceas to avoid the shrinkage cracking as expansion can also reduce the concrete soundness. under bad curing condition, the polypropylene fibrillated film fiber can improve concrete ' s anti - crarking property, while the nominal steels have very unobvious effects. to reduce the concrete shrinkage thus avoid the cracking, the former factors must all be taken into account in concrete proportion design to develop sound concrete
研究結果表明，水泥的品種和用量是影響混凝土收縮值的主要因素之一，當混凝土中水泥用量超過470kg / m ~ 3時，混凝土的收縮值超過400 10 ~ （ - 6 ） ，在約束狀態下存在高開裂風險；採用細砂使混凝土單位用水量顯著提高，收縮值也大幅增加；優質粉煤灰總體上能抑制混凝土的收縮，以超量方式摻入其抑制作用更加明顯，但粉煤灰混凝土早期的粘聚性較差，應注意養護，以免失水產生龜裂；早強減水劑和緩凝減水劑都會使混凝土收縮值增加；膨脹劑只能補償混凝土部分收縮，同時受緩凝劑和粉煤灰的抑制，而且膨脹使混凝土的體積安定性增加了不確定因素，膨脹劑不是解決混凝土收縮裂縫的良方。The distribution of basement controls the distribution patterns of rock bodies and covers. large and super - large deposits usually lie in the margins of basement, ie, margin controlling deposits
構造對大型、超大型礦床具有控製作用，一般位於幾組方向構造的交匯點上或不同大地構造單元的接觸帶上。Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times
基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。For both newtonian flow and non - newtonian flow, the vortices are generated when the waviness of the bottom profile is beyond a critical number. by increasing the waviness, a second vortex can be generated. with the increasing of reynolds number, the symmetry of the streamlines at re = 0 is destroyed and the vortices are sloped and become larger
當波形板的波動度超出臨界值，波形板壁面上的流動出現流線分離，流動中有渦生成;增大波動度，流動中出現第二個渦; re = 0 ，流線在流場中對稱分佈;雷諾數增大，流線駐點在水平方向出現位置偏移，渦的范圍增大;對于非牛頓流體，隨著剪切變稀指數的減小，渦的作用范圍減小。The main work of this paper was as fellows : ( 1 ) generalized the development of pre - stressed steel structure in our nation and abroad, and pointed out the main problem in practice ; ( 2 ) presented the mechanism of pre - stressed steel structure and revealed its applicable range ; ( 3 ) established the optimization design model for pre - stressed steel structure, which accounts for constraints on stresses and displacements of structure ; ( 4 ) brought forward the optimization design method, which combined linear programming and the principle of full restriction, through which we can obtain the magnitude of each time pre - stress and the optimized sections of each members of structure ; ( 5 ) analyzed the best times of pre - stress and pointed out that 2 ~ 3 times is preferable ; ( 6 ) conducted optimization design on large - space steel roof, horizontal parallel steel truss with local cables, horizontal parallel steel truss with global cable, and ultra - static steel truss, the result of which indicated that the multiple pre - stress structure is very economic ; ( 7 ) compared different schemes of cable placement for horizontal parallel steel truss, and the results showed that the local cable only unloaded the second girders, but had no response on the first girders and stomach poles, while global cable could unload the second girders and the stomach poles outside of turning point of cable, thus proving that global cable is more economic than local - cable
本文的主要工作是：對國內外預應力鋼結構的發展歷史及現狀作了綜述和總結，指出當前預應力鋼結構工程實踐中存在的主要問題；闡述了預應力鋼結構的受力機理，並指出預應力鋼結構的適用范圍和特點；在考慮結構應力和變位約束的條件下，建立預應力鋼結構優化設計模型；提出多次預應力鋼結構優化設計方法和步驟，採用線性規劃和滿約束準則相結合的優化方法，可優化設計出施加的每一級預應力的大小，並得到結構各部分的優化截面；對多次預應力最佳的施加次數作了分析，並建議以2 3次為宜；為驗證文中理論和方法，分別對大跨多次預應力鋼屋架、局部布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架、整體布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架和局部布索的超靜定鋼桁架等算例進行了優化設計，經濟效益明顯；對水平平行弦鋼桁架的幾種施加預應力的方案進行比較，對于局部布索，預應力只對下弦起到卸載作用，對上弦和腹桿基本不起作用；而整體布索預應力除對下弦卸載外，對索折點以外部分腹桿也起到卸載作用，經濟效益好於局部布索。The vulnerability evaluation procedure of hazus99 which is widely adopted in the united states and world wide is introduced in briefly. then the general technical frame of the first part is illuminated as follows : by means of the form of hazus99, the earthquake action is expressed by demand spectra and the capacity of buildings is described by capacity curve
在此基礎上，本文敘述了「吸收hazus99的表達形式，以需求譜來表達地震作用、抗力曲線表達結構的抗震能力，用需求譜和抗力曲線的交點確定的譜位移和各個震害等級對應的譜位移均值和標準差一起，分別計算建築物對應各個震害等級的超越概率，獲得易損性曲線」的一套完整的技術思路。The technique core of the 3 - d outline tracking scan lies in the adoption of several photoelectric sensors, laser measuring sensors and super voice wave measuring sensors to carry on probing, the single chip makes the photoelectric signal examined as the control basis, and controls the step motor to drive measurement machines and probing sensors to make outline tracking and scans movement along high and breadth direction of the vehicle, and record its outline track, and the data measured is delivered to the computer, finally, acquires the size of the vehicle checked through the place of computer data processing
三維輪廓跟蹤掃描技術的核心在於採用多套光電傳感器、激光測距傳感器、超聲波測距傳感器進行探測，單片機把檢測到的光電信號作為控制依據，控制步進電機驅動測量機及探測傳感器在車長、車高和車寬方向上作輪廓跟蹤掃描進給運動，記錄其輪廓軌跡，並把測得的數據傳送到上位機，經上位機數據處理獲得被檢車輛的特徵尺寸。With the meteorological and hydrographic data in songhuajiang and nenjiang valley from 1951 to 1995, using correlation analysis and empirical orthogonal analysis, the rule of the flood and relation between flood and precipitation distribution in this region are discussed. the results show that periodic change of water level is obvious in this region. now water level is in the serious stage from 1980 ' s. there are great relation between the water level of flood period and the precipitation. the unusual precipitation of nenjiang valley has greater impact than that of second songhuajiang valley. at the summer in 1998, songhuajiang and nenjiang valley encountered the ghastly flood and the reason for that is the anomalous precipitation great exceeding the historic maximum
利用松花江，嫩江流域1951 1995年期間的氣象和水文資料，採用相關分析，經驗正交分析等方法，討論了該流域洪澇發生的規律及其與流域內降水分佈的關系.文章指出，江流域的水位變化有明顯的階段性，且具有全流域一致的特性，目前正處在80年代以來洪澇較嚴重的階段;嫩江流域降水異常偏多對松花江洪澇的影響比第二松花江的作用要大; 1998年夏季，松花江，嫩江流域出現超歷史紀錄特大洪水的關鍵原因是嫩江流域6 8月的降水距平百分率遠遠超過了歷史上的的最大值Firstly, i introduce developmental condition and resourceful result of software reuse, and the function and status of components repository in software reuse, and the classification and retrieving in components repository. secondly, i study the current classification and retrieving in detail, and analyze their advantage and disadvantage, and get a common retrieving model and valuing standard. thirdly, i according to the feature of the specific domain establishing the appropriate classification and retrieving of component, which are faceted classification and retrieving, and classification with dssa and component ' s relationship and hyper text ' s retrieving, and combined retrieving
本文首先介紹了軟體復用技術的發展現狀和研究成果，以及構件庫系統在軟體復用中的作用和地位，之後是簡介構件庫系統中構件的分類檢索技術；其次詳細介紹現有的構件分類檢索技術，分析了各自的優勢和劣勢，並得到構件的檢索模型和評價準則；再次根據研究領域的特點，制定了相應的構件分類檢索機制，主要包括：基於特定領域的刻面分類檢索技術、以dssa和構件關系分類以及超文本方式檢索技術，還有組合檢索技術，在此基礎上建立了該領域構件庫系統的分類模型和檢索模型；最後完成了教學評測、評估領域構件庫系統構件檢索工具的設計與具體實現。Drilling time will be lasted and lateral force on casing exerted by drill pipe will increase in case of drilling deep well, ultradeep well, high inclined hole, extended reach well and horizontal well, therefore, friction and wear between casing and drill pipe became a severe problem
在深井、超深井、大斜度井、大位移井及水平井中，鉆井時間延長、鉆柱作用在套管上的側向力增高，因此套管和鉆柱的摩擦與磨損問題越來越突出。The results improve our understanding of the utility of tl as an indicator of sedimentary environment and provide insight into what types of ocean sediments are amenable for study. the comparison of the 18o with the tl cycles indicates that the tl dose display the expected coupling relation with interglacial and glacial climate cycles
尤以位於東經90海嶺上的以遠洋沉積作用為主的md81349巖芯最為理想，陸源剝蝕產物在其沉積記錄中所佔比例較少，有孔蟲和超微化石為代表的遠洋成因的灰白色生物軟泥構成主要的沉積組分。Several amino acid residues of sed have been proved to be important in the interaction between sed and mhc, but the mode of sed binding to mhc is not yet clear. this study is designed to explore the above issues. the main content and results of this study are as follows : firstly, the prokaryotic expression system of sed was constructed
基於以上問題，我們對sed可能的活性位點進行預測，構建了一系列超抗原sed免疫識別機制的研究sed定點突變體，檢測這些突變體的mhc11結合活性和tcrvfi特異性，尋找與tcrv6結合的關鍵位點，進一步探討sed與mhc和tcr的相互作用方式。At present the manufacture of surface acoustic wave use the technology of the final submicron. a series of the devices of low insertion loss, high q saw rayleigh surface acoustic wave resonators or stws that insertion loss has less than 5db, load quality factor ( ql ) is more than 1000 on the quartz piezoelectric with zero of first temperature factor in the research. these difference frequencies are 60mhz, 280mhz, 739mhz and 1ghz of normal frequency and at also surface acoustic wave. using 1. 25db noise factor amplifier, careful design curcuit, good setting printed curcuit board, and using the 1ghz surface transverse wave resonator as frequency element, researching the low phase noise surface acoustic wave with sideband phase noise near ? 120dbc / hz deviating 1khz on carrier, spurious suppress with 80db
本研究採用一階溫度系數為零的壓電石英基片上製作出損耗小於5db 、有載品值因素（ ql值）超過1000的一系列低損耗、高q值聲表面波rayleigh波或stw諧振器，頻率分別為60mhz 、 280mhz 、 739mhz和1ghz等不同頻率的高性能聲表面波諧振器。並採用噪聲系數為1 . 25db的低噪聲系數放大器，精心設計電路，優化設計布置印製電路板，用標稱頻率為1ghz的聲表面波諧振器為頻率控制元件，製作出在偏離載頻1khz處的單邊帶相位噪聲近- 120dbc / hz 、雜波抑制達80db以上的低相位噪聲聲表面波振蕩器。Dave whelan the millionaire businessman, who also owns the wigan warriors rugby league club, has seen salary restrictions help level the playing field in super league and believes the idea would also work in football
這位富翁商人也擁有維甘勇士橄欖球聯賽俱樂部，他發現薪水限制使橄欖球超級聯賽的球隊在賽場上處于同一水平，他認為這個措施在足球世界也會起作用Utilizing the force identification approaches above mentioned, experiments on the model of a supersonic fighter and on a wheel - rail coupled system are performed respectively, in order to verify the validity of the proposed theories in this dissertation
利用上述動載荷識別模型，本文分別對超音速殲擊機模型和高速鐵路輪軌耦合系統作了動載荷識別實驗驗證。結果表明，本文提出的方法能有效地進行未知激勵下的動態載荷識別及作用位置識別，從而驗證了本文理論的有效性。Gas chimney is one of seismic anomalies resulted from vertical fluid migration, which is the interactional outcome due to overpressure, low stress and shale harrier
摘要氣煙囪是由於天然氣（流體）垂向運移在地震剖面上形成的含氣異常現象，是氣藏超壓、構造低應力部位和泥頁巖封隔層3種因素綜合作用的結果。The researches on the stability of compound soil nailing show that it is important to determine the safety coefficient and the most dangerous slipped layer of soil slope retained by compound soil nailing in the stability analysis of compound soil nailing. water, prestressed anchor and cement - soil retaining wall and front small - piles in the compound soil nailing system have a great influence on the stability of the whole compound soil nailing system. the front small - piles in the compound soil nailing system can improve the stability of the soil slope
復合土釘穩定性分析表明，復合土釘支護時土坡穩定的安全系數和最危險滑裂面的確定對于穩定性分析非常重要；土體內水對土體穩定性有很大的影響作用；設置超前微樁后，能增加基坑邊壁的穩定性；增設深層攪拌樁后，邊壁抗傾覆、抗滑移安全系數增大，同時面層強度的增加更有利於復合土釘支護體系內其它組件間的相互作用；增設預應力錨桿（錨索）和預應力土釘，對于控制基坑邊壁位移有重要作用，可明顯提高滑移面上土體的抗滑力。分享友人