超固結比 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [chāogùjiēbǐ]
超固結比
英文
over consolidation ratio, ocr-
Some main results of testing research were as fellows : i. in the course of testing of leaching zinc dross, leaching zinc dross by sulfuric acid was researched and the effects on the leaching rate of the zinc dross were analyzed by author, the optimum conditions of leaching testing of zinc dross were determined as fellows : liquid - solid ratio 6 : 1, stirring ratio 250r / min, granularity 120 mesh, the soaking time 5h, the concentration of sulfuric acid of 30 %, and under these conditions, the rate of leaching zinc is above 92. 0 %. ii. in the course of testing of purification, on the basis of comprehending and comparing all present methods of the manganese - removal and iron - removal, the oxidizing method of manganese - removal in zinc sulfate solution using ammonium persulfate was put forward and the oxidizing method of iron - removal in zinc sulfate solution using the goethite process and oxidation - hydrolysis process was adopted
研究的主要結果具體如下： 1 、研究了硫酸浸出鋅浮渣並分析了影響浸出率的各種因素，確定了浸出鋅浮渣的最佳條件為：液固比為6 ： 1 ，攪拌速度為250r min ，粒度為- 120目，酸浸時間為5 . 0h ，硫酸濃度30 ，鋅浮渣的浸出率大於92 . 0 ； 2 、在綜合和比較了目前除錳和除鐵的各種方法基礎上，提出了過硫酸銨氧化除錳方法和選擇了針鐵礦-氧化水解聯合法除鐵方法，並分析和討論了影響除錳率和除鐵率等各種因素，確定了除錳的條件為：溫度90 ， ph值5 . 4 ，反應時間3h ，過硫酸銨達到理論值的1 . 2倍，除錳率超過99 . 86 ；聯合法除鐵的條件為：氧化反應時間1 . 5小時、溫度控制在90 92 、 ph值5 . 2 5In this thesis, based on pershing ii surface to surface missile, a new kind of ballistic missile was designed with an additional rocket engine, which can be ignited twice. firstly, aerodynamic computational models of missile body and warhead which reentry with supersonic are built according to the task requirements ; secondly, the propulsion system model of missile is built whose first two stages are solid rocket engines and the third stage is liquid - solid combined rocket engine. the nozzle and the shape of the engine are designed to meet the needs of the populsion project ; thirdly, the trajectory model of the mass point is built and a wavy trajectory is designed & optimized ; finally, the ability of a missile ' s breaking through defence is analyzed
以美國潘興導彈為原型，增加可兩次點火的末級發動機，改裝成具有跳躍能力的地地彈道導彈；首先，根據任務需求，建立了導彈的氣動模型，並建立了彈頭再入時高超聲速氣動模型；其次，建立了導彈推進系統模型，前兩級採用了固體火箭發動機，第三級採用了固?液組合火箭發動機，並在總體方案要求下，對發動機噴管和外形進行了設計；第三部分，建立了導彈質點彈道模型，設計了一條跳躍式彈道，並對跳躍式彈道進行了優化設計；最後，對導彈進行了突防能力分析，從分析的結果可以看出，跳躍式彈道的突防能力比常規的拋物線彈道要強。The solid rocket ramjet, which combines the techniques of ramjet propulsion and solid rocket propulsion, offers the following advantages for missile propulsion : high specific impulse, simple configuration, high credibility, convenient using and high maneuverability
固體火箭沖壓發動機結合了沖壓技術和固體火箭技術，具有比沖高、結構緊湊、工作可靠、使用方便、機動性好等優點，是新一代超聲速戰術導彈的優選動力裝置。The dual - bath coagulation method suggested by j. a. va n ' t hof could be used in membranes with high selectivity clearance rate of low - molecular weight substances and moderate water flux theoretically. therefore it may be applied in the field of hemofiltration. to improve and optimize the performance of the pes ultrafiltration membrane applied in the hf, here the flat membranes and hollow fiber ( hf ) membranes are made in certain conditions based on the dual - bath coagulation method where pes is used as the membrane material, dmso as solvent and pvp & peg as additives this paper includes five parts as follow : 1
為了改善和優化聚醚碸超濾膜（單浴法）在血液過濾實際應用中的性能，本論文以j . a . van ' thof等提出的雙凝固浴法為基礎，以聚醚碸（ pes ）為主要成膜材料，以二甲基亞碸為溶劑，並添加一定分子量的致孔劑（ pvp ，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮）以及一定分子量的添加劑（ peg ，聚乙二醇）按照一定配比在一定溫度下製成透明均一的鑄膜液，靜置脫泡后在一定的工藝條件下製成聚醚碸平板膜和中空纖維膜，然後通過測試膜的結構和性能來評估其用於血液過濾中的前景。The entropy or number of states of system or subsystem are closely related to interaction of particles and energy level distribution, therefore, to study the temperature dependence of the specific heat may supply some important and useful microscopic information which may play an important role in understanding electronic structure, density of state, phonon spectrum etc. the specific heat measurements at low temperatures also play important roles in the finding of the third law of thermodynamics, the quantum theory of solid and bcs theory for superconducting etc. moreover, specific heat measurements help us to understand the different kinds of phase transitions ( such as : structural phase transition, magnetic phase transition, superconducting phase transition etc. ) and the scaling behavior near the critical point
系統、子系統的熵或微觀狀態數與微觀粒子間的相互作用及能級分佈密切相關，因此研究比熱與溫度的依賴關系能夠提供被測量系統許多極其有用的微觀信息，對理解固體的電子結構、電子態密度、聲子譜等起著十分重要的作用。低溫比熱的測量和研究對熱力學第三定律、固體量子理論和超導bcs等理論的建立起到了積極的推動作用。比熱研究還有助於認識各類相變如結構相變，磁性相變，超導相變等及臨界點附近的標度規律。Because traffic flow greatly increases in recent years and the rank of actual driving load enhances, causing this bridge to be at the excess load the service condition, so in order to guarantee the bridge ' s transport security, the main body structure of the bridge should be reinforced
摘要長沙市八一路跨線橋由於近年來交通流量大增，實際行車荷載等級提高，使得該橋處于超負荷的營運狀態，為了保證大橋營運安全，需要對此橋的主體結構進行加固，在選擇加固方案時對比了三種加固方法：鋼混凝土組合結構加固方法、混凝土結構擴大截面加固方法、粘鋼加固方法。The solid - propullant ducted rocket, which combines the advantages of solid propullant rocket and ramjet propulsion, is a new kind of combined propulsion system. it offers considerable advantages for missile propulsion, such as high specific impulse, high speed, light weight, long range, high maneuver and simple structure. as the major direction of the propulsion system for supersonic missile, the ducted rocket has good prospects
它將固體火箭技術和沖壓技術有機結合在一起，具有比沖高、速度快、重量輕、射程遠、機動性能好和結構簡單等諸多優點，最大限度地滿足了新一代導彈對其動力裝置提出的要求，是超聲速導彈動力裝置的一個主要發展方向，有著廣闊的研究前景。Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times
基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。Second, we introduce a two - lane traffic model which is based on the ( 0, 2 ) and ( 0, 1, 2 ) models. we mainly study the coupling effect of lanes. in two - lane traffic, vehicles can change lanes and overpass. the interactin between lanes is considered as coupling effect. the computer simulation indicate that ( dthe current of the system with cupling is greater than that without coupling ; 0for a certain initial density, the average flow and speed are indepent on the coupling coefficient which is greater than zero ; when the initial densities ( speeds ) of lanes are different, the characters of traffic system will be different
在單車道模型的基礎上，建立v _ （ max ） = 2雙車道模型，研究車道的耦合效應。雙車道模型中車輛可以進行轉道、超車，兩道之間有耦合作用。模擬結果說明，有耦合時系統的流量比沒有耦合時大；在固定的初密度條件下，只要耦合系數b 0 ，兩道間的耦合強弱對流量和速度無影響；兩道初密度分佈不均勻和速度分佈不均勻都能使交通系統特性發生變化。Based on the consolidation mechanism analysis of the warping clay under osmotic pressure, a finite strain osmotic pressure consolidation equation, of which the excess pore - pressure or void ratio was selected as dependent variable, was derived
首先，通過分析滲壓作用下的淤填粘土的固結機理，推導出以超孔隙水壓力，孔隙比為控制變量的有限應變滲壓固結微分方程。The corresponding programs in matlab language were presented for various operating mode computations. thus, the excess pore - pressure and void ratio distribution along space - time could be derived. the degree of consolidation, which could be expressed by excess pore - pressure or deformation, was derived for various operating mode and its ’ characteristics along space - time showed rules of warping soil consolidation under osmotic pressure
應用matlab語言編制計算程序對各種工況的超孔隙水壓力消散、孔隙比隨時間和空間的變化進行了求解，對各種計算工況得到的以孔壓和變形表示的固結度的變化規律進行分析，說明滲壓體積力作用下淤填粘土的固結隨時間和空間的非線性分佈特性。In the paper, static and dynamic triaxial tests were conducted on fiy ash at shanmenxia longgou ash dam, and the static and dynamic parameters of fly ash were obtained. thirdly the 2 dimensions static analysis of the ash dam was conducted based on biot ' s consolidation theory and duncan ' s nonlinear stress - strain model. finally the plane dynamic behaviors of the ash dam during earthquake of intensity 7 were analyzed based on the exponent function model of excess pore water pressure aroused by earthquake, which is put forward in the paper, and equivalent visco - elastic dynamic fem model and principle of effective stress
本文結合實際工程，對三門峽火電廠龍溝灰壩的築壩粉煤灰進行了靜、動三軸試驗，確定了該壩粉煤灰的靜動力學指標；然後根據比奧（ biot ）固結有效應力原理，採用鄧肯（ duncan ）非線性應力應變模型，對該灰壩的二維靜力應力和變形狀態進行了分析；最後利用本文提出的地震超靜孔壓指數函數模型，採用等價粘彈性動力有限元方法，對該灰壩在地震作用下的動力穩定性進行了分析評述。Based on comparison of several technical schemes, the method of sand bedding pre - elevating and step water - filling pre - compressing is adopted. so the dissertation is consist of two parts : ( 1 ) the applicability study for the method of sand bedding pre - elevating and step water - filling pre - compressing, including numerical analyses for the thickness of sand bedding, the consolidation, settlement and stability of foundation, drainage, possibility of foundation liquefaction under seismic loading, et al. ( 2 ) monitoring at construction stage and checking the effect of foundation treatment, including the measurements of the settlement velocity and non - uniform settlement of ring beam under the tank, pore pressures and horizontal displacements in foundation, the pressure distribution at the bottom of oil tank and the strength increase of soils
通過多種技術方案比較，最終選擇了技術先進的砂墊層預抬高分級充水預壓法，論文工作主要由以下兩部分組成： （ 1 ）砂墊層預抬高分級充水預壓法的適用性研究，其中包括砂墊層厚度、地基沉降與固結度、地基穩定性、降水、地震作用下砂土液化的可能性等方面的計算分析； （ 2 ）施工監測與地基處理效果檢驗，其中包括油罐環梁基礎沉降速率與不均勻沉降程度、各分級充水加載階段地基超靜孔壓與深層水平位移、油罐底板壓力分佈及地基土強度增長等方面的實測與數據分析。Finally, two examples show that, the availability and practicability of the new model is verified. the analysis of calculation result of berthiervill test embackment shows different part of compression curve have different influence upon the course of consolidation, and correct coefficient and viscous effect have great significance on deformation forecast. associated with the wenzhou airport runway engineering, the reason of increasing of pore - water pressuer in under - lying soft layer and post - construction settlement are given
最後，通過兩個工程實例的分析來說明本文模型的有效性和實用性:一是對berthiervill填土試驗場的軟基實測數據和理論成果進行對比分析，闡明考慮結構性擾動和粘滯性效應對分析天然粘土固結壓縮性的重要性;二是對溫州機場袋裝砂井超載預壓工程進行數值模擬，指出停荷預壓期間下臥層孔壓增加和工后沉降大的原因。Over - consolidation ratio
超固結比Comparison of characteristics between normal consolidated soil and over - consolidated soil
正常固結土與超固結土主要力學特性的比較A model test was designed to simulate the consolidation process of warping soil, the validity of theoretical equation and the solution methods presented in this study. actual measurements for excess pore - pressure, void ratio and settlement - time curves all showed good agreement with the corresponding computed values
將理論計算的超孔隙水壓力、孔隙比、沉降-時間曲線和根據實測數據計算的這些量進行比較分析，說明文中建立的滲壓作用下的有限應變固結理論模型及求解方法的合理性。A series of 1 - d consolidation tests were carried out for soft clay with different over pressure ratios ( opr ) and different preloading durations
摘要通過不同超載比、不同作用時間的一維固結試驗，研究軟土在超載作用過程的變形機理。Criterion method of settlement calculating is also introduced in this paper. after comparing the calculating value of criterion method with the data which measured in - site, this paper points out : ( 1 ) settlement brought by side deformation should be taken into account among the super soft silt groundsill in pearl river delta area ; ( 2 ) stress history has a great deal influence to the settlement, but the pre - consolidation pressure pc for the judgement of consolidation state of soil has no credibiliy which is gotten in laboratory
此外，本文還簡述了規范推薦的沉降計算方法，並運用已有的工程實測數據與規范方法計算值進行了比較，指出對于珠三角地區的超軟弱地基。應考慮側向位移引起的沉降；應力歷史對沉降的影響較大，而判斷土體固結狀態指標的前期固結壓力p _ c ，在試驗室得出的數據並不可靠。Further more, the computer code pdss is used to analyze the consolidation process of composite ground with cement - mixed columns under one teaching building and under one laboratory building, respectively, and the principle of the developments of excess pore water pressure in these composite ground and of the settlement is revealed. finally, the fem results are compared with the ones obtained from traditional method and field observation, and the feasibility of using pdss to calculate the settlement of composite ground with cement - mixed colu mns after construction of building is discussed
進而運用pdss程序對一教學樓和一實驗綜合樓的水泥攪拌樁復合地基的固結過程進行了較完整的數值計算，分析了該類復合地基中超靜孔壓和基底沉降的發展規律，並通過與規范法計算值和現場實測數據的比較，討論了採用pdss程序計算建築物下水泥攪拌樁復合地基沉降和工后沉降的可行性。分享友人