超經濟強制 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [chāojīngjìqiángzhì]
超經濟強制 英文
extraeconomic coercion
  • 超 : Ⅰ動詞1 （越過; 高出） exceed; surpass; overtake 2 （在某個范圍以外; 不受限制） transcend; go beyo...
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 強 : 強形容詞（強硬不屈;固執） stubborn; unyielding
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  1. The point analyses the composition and efficancy of the structure of corporate governance with the modern administration theory. lt systematically sets forth and compares the features and development of the structure of the corporate governance in chinese and western. by analyzing the present situation of our listing companies, it points out : " the internal control " can be considered the inevitable phenomenon, emerged in the period from the socialism planned economy to the market economy in china ' s state - owned enterprises. by the means of gathering a vast amount of data and analying cases and charts, it gives the conclutions : because the enterprise inform is progressed " step by step ", the internal controlling in our country has assumed its own features : the enterprise is in the concussion between the " super - powerful controp ' of external and the " super - weakly control " in internal. those popular phenomenon have been looked as the principle manifestation of " the internal control " which taking the national stock as the ma in part and holding the post of chainman of the board and the chief manager in company to the same man

    本文利用現代管理理論和現代企業理論來剖析公司治理結構的組成和效率體現，對中西方公司治理結構的特徵和歷史發展作了較系統的闡述和比較，並且運用大量的數據對我國上市公司治理結構進行了實證分析，指出： 「內部人控制」是在我國社會主義經濟向市場經濟轉軌時期，國有企業公司治理結構中出現的一種必然現象。本文在闡述公司治理結構特徵和功效的基礎上，通過大量數據的收集、案例分析和圖表處理來分析我國企業治理結構的歷史變遷並揭示出：由於我國企業改革是「漸進式」的， 「內部人控制」表現出其自身的特點：企業處于外部「超強控制」和「超弱控制」的兩極震蕩中。作為最具我國現代企業代表特徵的上市公司，因為以國家股為持股主體，董事長和總經理兩職兼任的現象甚為普遍而成為目前企業事實上的「內部人控制」的主要表現形式。
  2. Develop as the development of socialist market economy, the buildup of idea of people goods economy, the person with thin idea of a few legal system, below the drive of economic interest, illegal building takes up the road is produced or waste material of rubbish of operation of stone of blast of market trade, cut into a mountain, mining, dump and building is formed to be banned repeatedly inside formulary control division more than ; use illegally, embezzlement, pollution, destroy, destroy highway the road is produced and trade of strike of facilities of larcenous highway transportation, machines and tools, equipment, raw material, steel is cultivated and the random on highway check that set a station, chaos collects fees, random amerce, highway is shown street change spread ; exceed restricted transport to be defeated the in good condition, safety that waits for minatory highway, expedite the development with highway career, of benefit of the economic benefits of highway, society and level of road network service rise, more and more rely on what road politics government works to strengthen

    隨著社會主義市場經濟的深入發展，人們商品經濟觀念的增強，一些法制觀念淡薄的人，在經濟利益的驅動下，非法建築物佔用路產或在規定控制區內形成集市貿易、開山炸石、采礦作業、傾倒垃圾和建築廢料屢禁不止；非法利用、侵佔、污染、毀壞、破壞公路路產和盜竊公路交通設施、機具、設備、原材料、盜伐行道樹以及在公路上亂設站卡、亂收費、亂罰款，公路呈街道化蔓延；超限運輸等威脅著公路的完好、安全、暢通和公路事業的發展，公路的經濟效益、社會效益和路網服務水平的提高，越來越依靠于路政治理工作的加強。
  3. Model analysis shows that relaxation of the control of investment capital will increase the unfavorable balance of international payments and the correcting difficulty of the excess commodity supply in the market at home ; relaxation of speculative capital control will increase the correcting difficulty for outer unbalance ; under the springy exchange rate system, the action of fair mechanism of interest rate will make the economic shock of the international market interest rate increase with the decrease of the capital control system, thus the over regulation of exchange rate will easily happen

    模型分析顯示：投資性資本管制放鬆會增大國際收支逆差和國內商品市場超額供給的矯正難度，投機性資本管制放鬆會增大外部失衡的矯正難度；彈性匯率制下，利率平價機製作用使國際市場利率變化的經濟沖擊隨資本管制度降低而增強，更易發生匯率超調。
  4. They were forced not only into hard labour but also to bear the heavy burdens of corvee and tax. living in poverty and starvation, they were struggling for existence on the brink of death all year round

    農奴被強制進行繁重的勞動，負擔著沉重的差役租稅，遭受著超經濟的盤剝，終年掙扎在貧困、饑餓的死亡線上。
  5. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  6. While facing the challenge of the 21st century, the group will expand its annual capacity to 6, 000 tons during the 9th five - year - plan, through technical revamp and expansion ; further deepening of reform will lead to the establishment of modern enterprise system ; the enterprise will further expand through merging and acquisition ; it will issue stocks to strengthen its economic might ; promotion of economic efficiency will be the focus of the work to facilitate the basic transition of the economic system and growth mode ; to persist in technical progress to revitalise the enterprise, and set up a scientific management system fo further promote what has been achieved so as to facilitate the management standardization, adapt to market system and internationalization and make the company into a large and powerful enterprisegroup

    面對二十一世紀的挑戰， 「九五」期間，公司將通過技術改造和擴建，形成超6000噸年的生產規模，將進一步深化改革，完成建立現代企業制度的大業，通過兼并擴大企業規模通過發行股票增強企業經濟實力把提高經濟效益作為企業工作的中心，實現經濟體制和經濟增長方式的根本轉變堅持科技興廠，建立科學管理體系，鞏固管理成果，使管理標準化市場化國際化把公司建設成為具有雄厚實力的大型企業集團。
  7. Based on the specilized production of interim products, this paper mainly focuses on the study of two aspects, dealing with the problems such as incompleteness and improperness of costing, inefficient cost controlling, etc. this paper also introduces the delimitation cost calculation method consisting with the characteristics of interim products to facilitate the items of costing ; discusses the demand of financial management development and accounting information quality in the era of knowledge economy ; puts forward a viewpoint that business credits are the excess value in human recourses ; conducts a study on the characteristics of shipyards ’ production organization and management requirements in the view of the features of specialized production of interim products and of the problems in cost calculation concerning ill objectivity, pertinence and poor readability ; and brings out delimitation cost calculation method in terms of batch parts method, thereby enrichs the contents of human resource capital calculation and quality costing of shipbuilding in accordance with the characteristics and requirements of specified interim products production in modern shipbuilding industries, this paper carries out the research of the

    因此，本文基於中間產品專業化生產，針對中國船廠成本核算內容不完整、核算方法不適應，成本控制效果差等問題著重進行了兩方面的研究工作。提出適應中間產品特徵的分層成本計演算法，完善成本核算內容。探討知識經濟時代財務管理發展要求和會計信息質量要求，提出商譽是人力資本超額使用價值的觀點，針對現代造船中間產品專業化生產所具有的特點，以及成本核算中客觀性和相關性差，可讀性不強等問題，研究了船廠生產組織特點和管理要求，提出了延伸于分批零件法的分層成本計演算法，拓展了造船人力資本和質量成本的核算內容。
  8. This paper first sums up and analyzes the definitions of administrative monopoly given by other relevant scholars, and based on this, puts forward that administrative monopoly is a behavior that administrative subject illegally exerts the administrative power to exclude or limit market competition and therefore, violates socialist market economy order

    行政壟斷是指行政主體違法行使行政權力而實施的排斥或限制市場競爭、破壞社會主義市場經濟秩序的行為。行政壟斷作為一種典型的行政違法行為，是一種超經濟壟斷，具有較強的抽象性和鮮明的強制性。
  9. As a conclusion, yuxi hongta group has stronger core competition advantages, and put forward to adapt new economic era to strength new enterprise core competition capacity along with times, and enhance hongtashan brand advantages. the strategy and measurement of technology innovation, quality innovation, system innovation, market sales innovation are put forward. it is theory and practice significance to realize the strategy of improving the hongta group competition capacity, increasing market rates and finally realizing superego, keeping ahead in science and technology, caring selves and setting up brilliant achievement again

    結論表明玉溪紅塔集團有很強的競爭優勢，與時俱進地提出如何適應新經濟時代以增強新的企業核心競爭力，強化「紅塔山」這一品牌優勢，利用技術創新、質量創新、體制創新、營銷創新等策略及措施為玉溪紅塔集團在激烈的市場競爭中提升紅塔集團的核心競爭力、提高市場佔有率、實現「超越自我，科技領先，關愛健康，再創輝煌。 」
  10. Administrative monopoly is extra economic, mandatory and covert

    行政壟斷具有超經濟性、強制性和隱蔽性。
  11. In order to effectively solve the above - mentioned problems, the author analyses the sense, economic and environment factors that condition the human resources development in pengshui miaozu and tujia autonomous county, and then the author raises some suggestions and thinking in educational countermeasures of the human resources development in pengshui miaozu and tujia autonomous county : i. set up the concept of ethnic minority education ' s suitable and surpassing development ; ii. set up the system of the pluralistic developers of human resources development ; iii. merge the general education with the vocational education ; iv. prominently develop the regular vocational education ; v. strengthen adult education

    為了有效解決人力資源開發中所存在的問題，筆者在分析了制約彭水苗族土家族自治縣人力資源開發的觀念、經濟和環境因素的基礎上，對彭水苗族土家族自治縣人力資源開發的教育對策提出了幾點建議與思考： （一）確立民族教育適度超前發展的理念； （二）構建人力資源開發主體多元化體系； （三）融合普通教育與職業教育； （四）突出發展正規職業教育； （五）強化成人教育。
  12. On one hand, america owns the most powerful comprehensive strength based on advanced science and technology, which was far ahead from other countries. economically, america ' s unparalleled economic strength and creative ability had pushed forward its hegemonic politics, within which its influence and. domination on world economy acted as an important section. militarily, all that advantageous safe circumstances, large quantity investment in national defense and super conventional weapons and nuclear weapons were the powerful backing for its hegemonism

    美國的對外政策之所以表現出這么強烈的霸權主義特徵，一方面是由於美國擁有建立在最先進的科學技術基礎上的遙遙領先的綜合國力，尤其是經濟和軍事實力：在經濟上，無與倫比的經濟實力和經濟創新機制為美國的霸權主義政策提供了動力，而且對世界經濟的影響和控制力也是其經濟實力的重要組成部分；在軍事上，得天獨厚的安全環境、巨大的國防投入以及超強的常規的軍事力量和核力量都是美國稱霸的實力後盾。
  13. With the developing highway communications, the traffic is increasing and axle is becoming heavier and heavier, all of these demand the high quality of cement concrete pavement the experience of past ten years in highway construction shows that the practical life time of cement concrete pavement is far more shorter than anticipated. damages such as cracking are offen occurred in first serval years they caused direct and indirect economic losses and bad social influences. in addition to control overloaded vehicles by means of administration, the compressive strength, bending strength wear - ability should be improved to solve all these problems

    十幾年的高等級公路建設實踐表明，水泥路面的使用壽命遠遠小於其設計壽命，往往在通車幾年後就出現一些病害，如坑槽、斷板等病害，帶來的直接、間接經濟損失和不良的社會影響。解決這些問題，除了運用行政強制手段控制超載車輛外，必須提高水泥混凝土的彎拉強度、疲勞強度、耐磨強度、阻裂限縮能力，從而提高水泥混凝土路面的使用壽命。
  14. By systemic analyzing outside and inside highway - passenger - traffic management system and manner, beginning with the point of view how to deal and manage in standardization and how to establish exceed policy within measure, handling the principium of the systems engineering and measure economics, this paper forecasts the development trend of the society economy and highway - passenger - traffic, poses the particular measure and imagine how to build highway - passenger - traffic system. the theory method is very useful in practice and has reference to highway - passenger - traffic market management of our middling and small city

    本文通過系統的分析國外、國內公路客運管理體制及其運作方式，從十堰市的公路客運行業如何規范化經營、規范化管理的良性態勢的角度出發，從政府如何制定適度超前的管理政策切入，運用系統工程、計量經濟學原理，科學預測了社會經濟發展與公路客運發展的趨勢，並提出建設中小城市公路客運交通體系的具體措施與設想，理論分析方法具有較強的實用性，對我國中小城市的公路客運市場管理具有一定的參考作用。
  15. Other scenarios included the aggregate balance increasing to a size where the total opportunity cost to the banking sector exceeded the perceived risk of the alternative i. e. appreciation of the hong kong dollar, resulting in banks switching out of hong kong dollars ; the imposition of charges on large balances maintained by banks in their clearing accounts held with the hkma ; and allowing low nominal and real interest rates to continue to play their role in facilitating economic recovery until, through the normal operation of the currency board system, equilibrium was gradually restored

    委員會獲悉這項安排是在港元強勢令總結餘水平及有關的寬松的貨幣狀況引起關注的這一種情況下，可以採取的措施。其他可能出現的情況包括總結餘繼續增加，直至銀行體系認為其機會成本明顯超過港元升值的風險，促使銀行減持港元金管局開徵銀行結算戶口大額結餘的收費以及在貨幣發局制度的正常運作下讓偏低的名義及實質利率繼續發揮作用，促進經濟復甦，直至經濟逐步回復平衡。
  16. Secondly, the development of the economy and society of individual peasants who lived in " potato society " which was singular factor of agricultural civilization. and the development highly relied on individual intelligence and household labor force. in face of the excessively powerful state despotic political force the development lost the consciousness of uniting economic development forces

    第二，農業文明的個體因子? ? 「馬鈴薯社會」下的個體農民的經濟社會的發展，高度依賴個人智慧和家庭勞力，在超強國家專制政治力量面前，失去了聯合起來整合經濟發展力量的自覺性。
  17. Spokesman for the bureau, li xiaochao emphasized the importance of macroeconomic controls for china ' s economy

    其發言人李曉超強調了宏觀經濟控制對中國經濟發展的重要性。
  18. The reason is lain in : first, chinese - is retrained by the inform system - which heavy blood relationship, heavy human feeling - the reducing making the small and medium - sized enterprise can decease the expenses of financing obviously under the condition of scarce sound credit system ; second, the smalls and medium - sized enterprise of our country mostly adopt the labor - intensive mode of production in conformity with natural endowment characteristic of resource of our country, whose ability of surviving is strong

    原因在於：一、中華民族特有非制度約束? ?一既重血緣、重人情? ?一使中小企業在融資活動中能明顯的降低因信用體系不完善所帶了的高額交易費用；二、我國中小企業大多採用與我國資源稟賦特徵相適應的勞動密集型生產方式，生存能力強。但是，傳統計劃經濟體制是在優先發展重工業的「趕超」戰略下發展起來的，因此大企業在經濟體系中處于核心地位。
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