較差觀測 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jiàochāguāncè]
較差觀測 英文
differential observation
  • 較 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較） compare 2 [書面語] （計較） dispute Ⅱ副詞（比較） comparatively; relatively; fair...
  • 差 : 差Ⅰ名詞1 （不相同; 不相合） difference; dissimilarity 2 （差錯） mistake 3 [數學] （差數） differ...
  • 觀 : 觀名詞1. （道教的廟宇） taoist temple2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 測 : 動詞1. （測量） survey; fathom; measure 2. （測度; 推測） conjecture; infer
  • 觀測 : observe; observation; viewing
  1. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed

    研究結果如下：首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵，對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價，提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集；初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律，進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎；發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象，對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物，通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決；研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段，這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系，是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎；像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響，是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型，並分析了模型的適用性。
  2. Based on xi ' an region meteorologic measurement relative humidity and temperature profile data in cloud cover, the log - amplitude scintillation deviation a, calculated in terms of the cn2 model compare with values predicted by means of ortgies model at 10 ~ 30ghz. it is shown that the c, 2 model can be applied at the continental climate area as xi ' an area. finally, on earth - space paths, by applying a modif

    根據西安地區氣象觀測有雲覆蓋時溫度和濕度隨高度變化的數據，在10 30ghz ，應用該c _ n ~ 2模型計算了幅度閃爍標準偏差，也與ortgies模型預測值做了比較；表明該c _ n ~ 2模型是可用於象西安這樣的大陸型氣候地區。
  3. We can use the mm5 model in definite time, definite area weather forecasting. we conclude that : : the moving route of this necw in its developing progress was direct - south along latitude, the cold air is rough, and just this made the rough vertical velocity ; the necw southern moving and conflicting with the west pacification sub - tropical high makes rough jet steam. the plenty south - west warm and wet air made by the jet stream gave the rainstorm demanded vapor ;. the rough vertical velocity by jet stream is a main reason in this rainstorm ; the mm5 model uses four - direction analysis data as its input, this avoids some errors occurred in observe and transfer, thus made the result more useful

    綜合分析認為： （ 1 ） 、這次冷渦在其發生發展過程中，其移動路徑是沿經圈直線南壓，攜帶的冷空氣勢力較強，形成槽后較強的垂直運動； （ 2 ） 、西太平洋副熱帶高壓偏北位置與東北冷渦南壓形成的急流軸，把源源不斷的西南暖濕氣流輸送到遼西地區，也就是急流軸的左前方位置，為這次暴雨的產生提供了充足的水汽來源； （ 3 ） 、低空急流不但為暴雨輸送水汽，其造成的較強的垂直環流也是產生強降水的一個主要原因； （ 4 ） 、 mm5模式以四維同化資料作為初始場，最大限度地避免了觀測誤差可能造成的積分不穩定，提高了模擬結果的參考價值。
  4. And the major results and some new viewpoints were presented as follow : 1 ) sediment content of cn tillage system in runoff process is substantially low compared to st under rainfall with high intensity, showing cn bear the efficient capacity of control soil loss. nevertheless, when soil is saturated, the runoff intensity of both tillage systems is near, implicating cn has the limited function of reducing runoff. 2 ) based on the case analysis of observed all rainfall - runoff generation processes, a ) the initiation time hysteresis of surface runoff generation is notable when rainfall fall upon the unsaturated purple soils, which is attributed to the property of rapid water sorption and much non - capillary porosity

    經近幾年的觀測和理論分析，取得了以下結果和創新的認識： 1 ）在降雨強度較大的情況下，保護性耕作制? ?聚土免耕的產沙強度明顯較常規耕作制? ?順坡耕作的小，說明聚土免耕耕作制防治土壤流失是有效的；但當土壤達到飽和后，聚土免耕的徑流強度與常規耕作的差異較小，產沙強度也增大，因此，聚土免耕防治水土流失的能力是有限的。
  5. Thirdly, an ideal satellite orbit is simulated, and on this foundation, we establish some typical simulation and testing circumstances. lastly, after simulation in the simulation and testing circumstances, we compare the performance of ukf and ekf. and then, based on the outdoor experiment of the vehicle, an analysis and contrast between our simulation results and commercial data process software is carried out, and the conclusion is obtained

    首先在第三章提出的目標運動模型的基礎上建立了系統狀態方程;其次簡要分析了衛星導航系統中的各類誤差，建立了基於偽距觀測量的系統觀測模型;第四節利用yuma格式歷書數據模擬了未受攝動影響的衛星軌道，並在此基礎上建立了幾種典型的動態模擬測試環境;第五節為模擬分析和比較，先對ukf演算法和ekf演算法在動態模擬測試環境中進行了模擬比較，然後針對外場試驗，對非線性濾波獲得的定位結果與商業軟體進行了分析比較，並得出結論。
  6. Backed up by the soplat theory based on particle kinematics, the second chapter of this paper presents with analysis and simulation of several single observer passive measurement models, which uses such relative movement parameters as bearings changing rates and centrifugal acceleration information on the basis of bearings measurements. in the third chapter, the observability of location respectively using bearings and its changing rates information and centrifugal acceleration information is analyzed, and its observable condition is got. the fourth chapter puts forward the modified covariance extended kalman filtering ( mvekf ) against the defect of traditional extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), whose performance is simultaneously compared in the chapter with the performance of ususal tracking algorithm such as ekf, mgekf, iekf by computer simulation

    在近年來提出的基於質點運動學原理的單站無源定位理論基礎上，本文第二章提出了幾種在角度測量的基礎上增加角度變化率及相對運動的離心加速度等運動學參數的單站無源測量模型，並對它們進行了分析和模擬；第三章分別對利用角度及其變化率信息定位和利用離心加速度信息定位的可觀測性進行分析並得到了相應的可觀測條件；第四章針對傳統擴展卡爾曼（ ekf ）方法的缺點，提出了一種修正協方差的擴展卡爾曼濾波（ mvefk ）方法，並將其和ekf 、 mgekf 、 iekf等常用的單站無源定位濾波方法進行了性能模擬比較；第五章通過引入雷達機動目標跟蹤方法和模型，提出了利用角度及其變化率對機動輻射源跟蹤的多級噪聲自適應方法和imm方法；第六章主要對角度變化率和離心加速度參數的獲取技術進行了研究，提出了幾種高精度測量脈沖序列多普勒頻率變化率的方法。
  7. Besides, the information on actual height of lowest cloud base is used in constructing of cloud liquid water profile by using radiosonde profiles, that makes an improvement of relative accuracy of retrieved value of l at almost all altitudes by 5 - 20 % according to numerical simulation comparison. the lower the altitude is, the more the accuracy is improved

    為減少由於回歸樣本中雲液水廓線的『失真』給反演造成的誤差，本文在對探空廓線作診斷建立雲液水廓線時，引入了實際目測的最低雲底高的信息。數值模擬比較表明該措施行之有效，使對流層中下層的幾乎所有高度上l反演值的精度提高5 - 20 ，觀測高度越低，精度提高越多。
  8. Second part - the main contribution and research results of this paper are focused on as follows : ( 1 ) how to use the measurements of a dual frequency gps receiver to determine the ionospheric delay correction model for single frequency gps of a local range ; ( 2 ) how to separate the instrumental biases with the ionospheric delays in gps observation ; ( 3 ) how to establish a large range grid ionosphere model and use the gps data of chinese crust movement observation network to investigate the change law of ionospheric tec of china area ; ( 4 ) how to improve the effectiveness of correcting ionospheric delays for waas ' s users under adverse conditions. ( 5 ) how to establish the basic theory and the corresponding framework of monitoring the stochastic ionospheric disturbance using gps ( 6 ) how to improve the modelling ability of ionospheric delay according to its diurnal, seasonal, annual variations based on gps ; ( 7 ) how to meet the demand of correcting the ionospheric delay of high - precision orbit determination for low - earth satellite using a single frequency gps receiver 1 extracting ( local ) ionospheric information from gps data with high - precision the factors are systematically described and analyzed which limit the precision of using gps data to extract ionospheric delays

    二、具體研究工作的系統報告，主要集中在以下幾方面：研究如何利用單臺雙頻gps接收機的觀測信息確定電離層延遲改正模型，為小范圍的單頻用戶服務；研究如何實時分離gps觀測中的儀器偏差與電離層延遲；研究如何建立較大區域的電離層格網模型，進而初步設想利用中國地殼運動觀測網路深入研究我國領域的電離層的電子濃度變化規律；研究單頻用戶在不利條件下，如何更好地利用電離層延遲改正信息；研究利用gps監測隨機電離層擾動的基本理論和框架方案；研究如何綜合顧及電離層的周日、季節和年變化，進一步提高利用gps模擬電離層延遲的能力；研究如何實現星載單頻gps低軌衛星的精密測軌中的電離層延遲改正要求。
  9. In the process of gps triple frequency observables, the rms of the integer ambiguity isn ' t fit for detecting and correcting cycle slips for the pseudo - range noise

    摘要在gps三頻非差觀測數據的處理中，由於偽距噪聲的影響，利用原始的偽距和載波相位觀測數據估計的模糊度誤差比較大，不能用於探測和改正周跳。
  10. After establishing induction motor simulation model with iron loss, this paper has investigated effect of iron loss and proposed two schemes to compensate estimated error due to iron : one modified the structure of controller, the other modified the structure of observer, both schemes eliminated the detuning effect of iron

    對于鐵耗的影響，本文建立了考慮鐵耗的感應電機模擬模型后，研究了鐵耗造成的估計誤差，並利用兩種方法對誤差進行補償，一種是修改控制器結構的方法，另一種是修改觀測器結構的方法，最終都較好地消除鐵耗對速度估計的影響。
  11. In this dissertation, we studied the tcra1101plus total station position system, which introduced the principle and characters of the instrument ' s closed loop tracking system. also we explained the cause of prism ' s position error and brought forward mathematic model to correct, moreover, the good results has been drawn form the expenriments. the kinetic survey system have been realized, which the sampling rate attain more than 5hz and the position precision can be less than 2mm on condition that targeted - point moving slowly at the velocity below 2cm / s. having finished the survey system to examine whether the fine - tuning stewart platform in good status, we have finished mensurating the position reference of the fine - tuning stewart platform and the offset of the prism

    在此基礎上研製了多臺儀器在線控制高頻采樣動態跟蹤測量系統，采樣率大於5hz ，在跟蹤小於2cm / s低速運動目標時，測量精度好於2mm ；完成對饋源二次精調系統的檢測，包括對二次精調平臺位置基準的標定和觀測棱鏡偏心差的測定；設計不同動態測量實驗，對全站儀動態跟蹤的誤差來源和特點進行了分析；從實驗角度，對全站儀的測量時滯及其穩定性進行了測試分析，給出了定量的結果；比較了全站儀和計算機的內部時間系統，發現兩者存在較大差異。
  12. To analyze the questions and errors occurred in measuring the leaf photosynthetic rate using gas exchange, instrumental error, observation error and biology error in the use of portable photosynthesis system were computed and analyzed

    為了了解紅外氣體分析法測定單葉光合速率中常見問題及產生的誤差，本研究對光合作用測定系統使用中的儀器誤差、觀測誤差和生物誤差進行較為全面的實驗和分析。
  13. The study on the numerical simulation experiments to typhoon processes using 3dvar assimilation system also carries out. the conclusions are drawn after comparing the wind field, geopential height, relative humidity and several sounding profiles at sounding stations between control experiment and 3dvar data assimilation experiments. the results show that the model variables are more harmony in dynamic and physics to the experiments of 3dvar assimilation

    在對三維變分實驗與對應控制實驗的風場、位勢高度場、相對濕度場和幾個探空站探空曲線的模擬結果，及對所模擬的臺風路徑和路徑的偏差比較分析研究的基礎上，得到如下結果:各模式物理量之間在三維變分數據同化后的分佈，在動力上和物理上都更加協調和合理，更加符合實際觀測。
  14. We write the program which used for fighting errors in absolute positioning. we also write the program which used for linear combinating in absolute positioning. from analyzing for the measurement of outer, we can conclude that we can use m estimation to estimate parameter in gps absolute positioning. lt has application value. using it, we can obstain the stable positioning result and remove the outer. in this paper, we calculate the data which from the baseline space of the gps calibration space. we also draw some conclusion using broadcast ephemeredes and smoothing pseudoranges. the positionging precision is in 1 - 2 meter

    編制了gps絕對定位中抗差估計程序和應用線性組合進行單點定位的程序。通過對粗差量級的分析，得出在gps觀測量存在粗差時， m估計是有其應用價值的，它使定位結果較為穩定，減弱和剔除了粗差的影響。應用線性組合程序對gps綜合檢定場數據基線網點進行計算，得出用廣播星歷和平滑后的偽距可以給出較好的結果，點位精度在1 ? 2米。
  15. The numerical simulation of moisture varying processes have not shown a good fit to the measured, showing a moisture varying model of simple reduction, and not revealed the distinct courses at various slope locations. however, after simulating by the selected parameters shown the difference between various slope locations, the the coefficient of efficacy ( ce ) was increased obviusly and reached over 0. 6, that is to say, the simualted results is reliable in a certain

    土壤水分變化的數值模擬結果? ?坡耕地的上、中、下各部位的模擬土壤水分變化過程基本一致，這與實際觀測結果差異較大，因此，還不能準確反映坡耕地不同部位的水分變化特徵，但通過對模擬參數的調整，可獲得一定可靠性的模擬結果，盡管未達到很理想的程度。
  16. The estimation of cloud - cover is mainly affected by the visibility of the day. comparing the calculated results from about 350 images to the observation, the average error is about 10 %

    結果分析表明，雲量的計算結果受能見度影響程度大，晴好天氣下雲量的計算同觀測員記錄比較誤差在10左右。
  17. Calculating supply amount of karst underground water in spring valley by synthetic permeance coefficieint method is introduced. the question of error in observing all area balanced calculation in fengfeng mine area is expouned

    應用綜合滲入系數法進行泉域巖溶地下水補給計算，解決了峰峰礦區用小流域觀測全區均衡計算過程中誤差較大的問題。
  18. Examples show that, with normal observed data, the results obtained by the three methods are satisfactory, however, if the observed data are abnormal, the estimated results by lsm is not satisfactory, while the results from the other two methods are still satisfactory

    結果表明，當觀測值中不含粗差時，採用最小二乘法、 huber估計方法、 igg估計方法率定的參數結果相差不大，採用該參數的ar模型進行實時校正，校正效果也比較接近。
  19. Despite the recent advances in the theory of prediction, the time and number of meteors at the maxima may still have substantial deviation. for those who would like to perform scientific observation, it is advised to keep watchful eyes on the sky 1 to 2 days before and after the predicted maxima

    雖然近年預測流星雨的理論進步不小，但在時間和數量上仍可能存在較大的誤差，故此有志進行科學觀測的朋友應于極大期前後1至2天均作觀測。
  20. This is the main difference between nonlinear optimization method and other methods. ( 2 ) given a numerical model and a kind of observational data, it is difficult for traditional methods to separate model errors and initial errors. but nonlinear optimization method can do it by comparing the observational accuracy with the difference between the optimal initial field and initial observational data, even if when simulation results are good

    而利用本文的非線性優化方法；通過比較最優初始場與初始觀測資料之差（范數意義下）和觀測精度（這個觀測精度應該是已知的）的大小，即使在模擬效果好的情況下，仍然可以在某種程度上對這一問題作出口答。
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