載荷過多 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zǎihéguòduō]
載荷過多
英文
overfreight-
Nowadays, the ways to detect the piles are various, and all of them are limited in some aspects. for instance, coring test do large scathe on the piles, and static load test will waste much time, money and energy, while some ways are hard to operate as the limitation of the length and the diameter of the piles, and the special condition on the spots, such as high - strain, low - strain, and so on. furthermore, the result can only be gained under the complex analysis of the collected wave, and under the validation of the coring test
目前，工程中常用的樁基檢測方法很多，但都存在著一些弊端：有的對樁破壞性嚴重，例如抽芯檢測；有的耗時、耗財、耗力，例如靜載荷試驗；還有的如低應變、高應變等檢測技術由於受到樁長、樁徑以及現場一些特殊情況的限制，操作很不方便，而且採集到的波形要經過比較復雜的處理分析方能得出結論，而這個結論卻還要輔助取芯手段加以驗證。Based on extensive investigation of construction technique history of chinese ancient buildings, the structure method, structure developing history and seismic behavior of chinese ancient timber structure buildings are analyzed in several respects of the structural system and form. through a series of experiments on constituent parts of chinese ancient timber building structure, including the tests on the corbels and brackets called dougong subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on the wooden frame using the tenon - mortise joints as connections of column and beam subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on vibration isolation effect of friction and slippage between column footing and their socle base, and a series of shaking table tests on a chinese ancient timber structure palace building mode under artificial earthquake at serving conditions, destroyed conditions and reinforced conditions, many valuable results of structures such as moment - curvature hysteretic loops of dougong structure and tenon - mortise joints under low cyckc reversed loadings, the static function, the seismic performance, energy dissipation, vibration reduction, energy - loss mechanism, nechanicalmode and failure mode were studied. aplenty of valuable parameters of the structure system were obtained, such as the natural period of structure, vibration modes, damping ratio, factor of vibration isolation, oscillate amplitude of ineitial accebration, velocity and displacement, magnitude of slippage, and the mechanism of structure failure and collapse etc. based on these research, the complete analysis of ancient timber structure under earthquake were carried out in which including mechanism analysis method, calculating mode, strength analysis of members and joints, strengthening methods for serving damaged ancient timber structure buildings were also taken into account
依照宋代《營造法式》建造了抬梁式殿堂木結構構件及結構模型，對中國古代木結構中的典型構造如：柱腳在礎石頂面平擱簡支、柱架榫卯連接、柱高不越間之廣、側腳、生起、斗拱等的構造機理及結構功能進行了量化分析和實驗研究： （一）通過木柱石礎靜摩擦試驗，測定了柱腳與石礎古鏡面間的摩擦系數及摩擦力隨上部結構荷載變化的規律； （二）通過單柱承載力試驗，測定了古建築中木柱的受力變形特徵、破壞模式、及模型材料的變形模量、極限承載力、極限變形等參量； （三）通過柱架低周反復荷載試驗，測定了柱架的抗側移剛度、柱架恢復力特性及滯回曲線、榫卯張角剛度及其變化規律、柱架及榫卯的極限承載力和極限變形、及榫卯減振參數； （四）通過斗?低周反復荷載試驗和受壓試驗，測定了古建築木構件與木構件間摩擦系數，斗?抗側移剛度，斗?恢復力特性及滯回曲線，斗?抗壓極限承載力及受力變形規律； （五）通過抬梁式殿堂間架模型振動臺試驗，測定了殿堂木構架結構自振周期，地震反應振形、阻尼特性及阻尼比；按結構分層特點對柱腳、柱頭和斗?層上的屋蓋的地震反應採用多點同步測量，對柱根滑移、榫卯變形、斗?的變形、復位、耗能減振參數等進行了定量分析。In this thesis, studies are focused on as follows : ( 1 ) based on analyzing the general transfer - matrix, the conception of the generalized double layer soil model is proposed, and the transfer - matrix ( r ) of half - infinite elastic mass is introduce - d to the analytic expressions of stress and settlement under the uniform circular, rectangular and strip vertical loads in multi - layered soil ; ( 2 ) according to the analytic expressions of the additional stress and settlement under unifo - rm circular in multi - layered soil, rectangular and strip vertical loads, the programs are develop - ed to resolve and debugged. the results show that the programs are correct ; ( 3 ) through calculating the coefficient of additional stress on the central axis of uniform circ - ular vertical loads, under the corner point of the uniform rectangular vertical loads, and on the central axis of uniform strip vertical loads, and the settlement on the center of uniform circular vertical loads and uniform rectangular loads in double - layered soil, the characters of stress and settlement are discussed ; ( 4 ) a case, as an example, is studied with different calculation methods, such as traditional theory, fem. the results obtained are compared
本文在已有研究成果的基礎上進一步開展了以下幾方面的研究： （ 1 ）在對層狀地基傳遞矩陣法中的總傳遞矩陣分析的基礎上，提出了廣義雙層地基模型的概念，並把半無限體的傳遞矩陣r引入到多層地基在圓形垂直均布荷載、矩形垂直均布荷載及條形垂直均布荷載作用下附加應力與沉降的解析式中； （ 2 ）根據多層地基在圓形荷載、矩形垂直均布荷載及條形垂直均布荷載作用下附加應力與沉降的解析式，編制了程序，調試通過並驗證了其正確性； （ 3 ）通過對雙層地基圓形垂直均布荷載中心軸線上的附加應力系數和荷載中心沉降，矩形垂直均布荷載角點下的附加應力系數和荷載角點沉降及條形垂直均布荷載中心軸線上的附加應力系數進行的計算，探討了雙層地基中的附加應力與沉降特性； （ 4 ）應用本文的層狀地基體系理論對一個工程實例進行了計算分析，並與傳統的計算方法的計算結果和有限單元方法的計算結果進行了對比分析，結果表明利用層狀地基理論計算更能反映地基中附加應力分佈的實際情況。In this dissertation, according to the theory of mechanical dynamics and multi - body dynamics, a simulation model of nj2046 light off - road vehicle including suspension system, steering system and tires is built with the software carsim and so the vehicle steering characteristics are analyzed with the step angle input of steering wheel. it is found that the steering characteristics are different when the velocity and load are different, and the relationship between steering characteristics and velocity and load is presented
本文根據機械繫統動力學、多體動力學理論，運用動力學模擬軟體carsim建立了包括懸架系統、轉向系統和輪胎等模型的nj2046越野汽車整車模擬模型，在此基礎上分析了nj2046越野汽車在方向盤轉角階躍輸入時的轉向特性，通過對不同車速、不同載荷條件下的模擬計算，得出了在這些條件下該車具有的不同表現特徵，揭示了轉向特性與車速、載荷和輪胎的內在關系。Based on the research of several shiplocks, the temperature and stress field of the lock floor is simulated under temperature and gravity loads, where the shiplock floor is built on different foundations, the effect of setting up wide construction joints is analyzed by the nonlinear finite element method
作者通過對多個船閘工程的研究，結合非線性有限元模擬分析方法，考慮重力、溫度等荷載，計算分析土基和巖基上船閘結構底板預留寬縫施工方法的效果。We research the causes of concrete cracking, develop the high performance anti - cracking additive, optimize the concrete mix and construction techniques, increase the stability of concrete volume by shrinkage compensation, enhance splitting tensile strength, and can meet demand of high workability of fresh concrete. in the study, a thorough investigation of this problem is made from all points of view, with the aid of various modern measurement & testing technology and different theories & methods in surface physical chemistry, structural chemistry, solid - state chemistry, composite materials, fracture mechanics, etc. our research results have shown that the various shrinkage of concrete cause concrete cracking in building engineering, such as autogenous shrinkage, dry shrinkage, temperature shrinkage, plastic shrinkage, carbonized shrinkage, etc
目前，解決混凝土開裂的方法是綜合的，我們調查研究了混凝土開裂的原因，開發研製了高性能抗裂外加劑，優化混凝土的設計和施工方法，並通過補償收縮達到混凝土體積穩定，提高抗裂強度，滿足混凝土拌和物高工作性能的要求。本研究採用多種測試技術，應用表面物理化學、結構化學、固體化學、復合材料學、斷裂力學等多學科的理論與方法，從不同的角度進行深入的研究和探討。通過調查研究建築工程中出現的混凝土開裂、滲漏問題，發現混凝土在非荷載作用下開裂主要是由混凝土的自收縮、乾燥收縮、溫度收縮、塑性收縮、碳化收縮等各種收縮變形引起的。During its storage, transportation, maintenance and service, the solid rocket motor ( srm ) may encounter many incidents such as being dropped onto the ground while being hoisted up, crashing when vehicle turns over during transportation, being struck heavily in takeoff or landing accident while being carried by airplane, impacting with launch platform or buildings when there is abnormality during launch of multiple - stage rocket. impact of great intensity takes place in such accidents, which will lead to srm ignition or explosion
固體火箭發動機在貯存、運輸、維護及使用過程中可能遇到各種意外機械撞擊激勵，例如:吊裝過程中跌落，運輸過程中因交通事故發生翻覆碰撞，機載固體導彈掛飛時因載機發生起降事故導致高速沖撞，多級火箭發射初期因發射異常與發射架或地面建築物發生碰撞等，固體火箭發動機將受到劇烈機械撞擊載荷作用，導致其著火燃燒甚至爆炸。The following conclusions are gained : ( 1 ) the located shear band prongs the ligament near the top crack tip and the structure may occur shear - mode fracture at the angle of 155 ? to crack when load is 87. 92mpa ; the mode of fracture of the flange joint structure is not possible to be void - mode ; ( 2 ) it is proved that loading and then unloading repeatedly can not increase the possibility of invalidation of the structure when the times of loading and unloading are not too more when load is operating pressure ; the structure is safe when the vessel is operating ; ( 3 ) in the fe model of the thesis, not considering the influence of water pressure test which is in the process of fabrication of vessel in fe results in larger deviation in analysi
得出了以下結論：在8792mpa的載荷下筒體一封頭連接結構處的集中剪切帶貫穿韌帶，可能發生沿與原裂紋線成155 「角方向剪切型斷裂；筒體一封頭連接結構不可能發生韌窩型斷裂； （ 2 ）在工作壓力下進行次數不多的反復加、卸載，結構不會破壞，也不會喪失安定性：結構在工作狀態下是安全的； m在本文的彈塑性有限元模擬計算中，對于裂紋尖端進行力學分析時，不考慮壓力容器製造過程中水壓試驗的影響，將導致計算結果出現較大的偏差； （ 4 ）筒體完全屈服時的載荷為92石3mpa ，封頭完全屈服時載荷為86Using the complex potential method in the plane theory of elasticity of an anisotropic body, a series solution to the stress field of a finite plate containing multiple cracks subjected to arbitrary loads is obtained by means of the faber series expansion, and the stress intensity factors at the crack tips are calculated based on the theories of fracture mechanics. equivalence yield stress is introduced in order to consider the effects of the plastic zones, with which the strip yield criteria is developed in the article so that the effects of structural size and the crack interactions on the stress distribution can be considered accurately. the effects of plate size, crack size and crack distributions on the stress intensity factors as well as the residual strength of the plate are studied detailedly
採用各向異性體平面彈性理論中的復勢方法，以faber級數為工具，得到了含多裂紋有限大板在任意載荷作用下應力場的級數解，並應用斷裂力學方法確定裂紋尖端的應力強度因子；引入當量屈服應力考慮裂尖塑性區的影響，提出基於帶屈服準則的剩餘強度分析模型，能夠充分考慮結構尺寸和裂紋之間相互作用對應力場的影響；通過數值計算詳細討論了結構尺寸和裂紋之間位置關系對應力強度因子和結構剩餘強度的影響規律，得到了一系列對工程應用具有實用價值的結論。As the base of a car, a frame, on which most of the components and assembly are positioned, supports all the loads of the automobile
汽車車架是整個汽車的基體，汽車的絕大多數部件和總成都是通過車架來固定其位置的，並且它還承受著車內外的各種載荷。In the paper, the load incremental method is adopted. by the way of reducing the elastic model of the destructive blocks in the elements, the finite element analysis model is revised and the repeated computing process does n ' t finish until the results are converged. the proposed method can simulate the entire process of concrete structures from crack to complete damage
分析中採用載荷增量法，對各級載荷下單元中破壞的材料分塊進行彈模折減處理，並重新生成單元剛度矩陣，經過多次迭代直至計算收斂，從而可以給出各類cfrp加固混凝土結構的載荷?變形全過程曲線，並預測其極限承載力。It applies an interval method to select element in the evolutionary structure optimization method ( eso ), and recovers or deletes element by the “ birth and dead ” function of element. another method viewed as second order smoothing technique for suppressing the checkerboard patterns has been proposed based on the filtering function ’ s principle. then the above methods are applied to solve a temperature - controlling problem in the steady heat conducting field and a multi - objective topology optimization problem considering multiple load cases and coupled effect
本文基於ansysparametricdesignlanguage （ apdl ） ，提出漸進結構法中應用區間法進行單元的篩選，通過單元「生死」的功能實現單元的恢復與刪除，根據濾波函數法原理提出修改的二階棋盤格處理方法，並就穩態熱傳導溫度控制問題，考慮熱、力耦合的多載荷工況的多目標拓撲優化設計問題進行求解。As an important part of metallic tps, the attachment must be strong enough to transfer mechanical load to the substructure and at the same time not much heat quantity
連接結構是金屬熱防護系統的重要的子部件，要求其在傳遞力學載荷同時，不能向機體傳遞過多的熱量，對其研究具有重要意義。Limited by its small volume and power consumption, pico - satellite can only be sole - functional. but it could still meet different flight missions if a standard platform were developed for various effective loads coupled with pico - satellite ' s specialty of satellite cluster sending with single rocket
皮型衛星因其體積、功耗所限，雖然功能比較單一，但是如果開發出標準的皮型衛星平臺，在其基礎上通過裝載不同的有效載荷，再加上具有「一箭多星」的發射特點，也可滿足不同的飛行任務需要。In first part of the thesis, by a review of the research on aircraft sonic fatigue, the formulas for calculating natural frequencies of the typical aircraft skin - panel structure with four edges simply - supported or four edges fixed - supported were drawn, the response of displacement and stress was analysed under the condition of random white noise loading with the steady - state or unsteady - state. the procedure how to use data of s - n curve under constant loading for predicating the fatigue life of skin - panel subjected to random loading was shown
通過對聲疲勞問題研究的回顧，根據典型飛機蒙皮壁板模型，整理了四邊固支，四邊簡支兩種邊界條件下多階模態固有頻率，非平穩及平穩隨機白噪聲載荷下的位移和應力響應，以及如何從等幅s ? n曲線求得隨機載荷應力下的疲勞壽命。The influence of line load width on the results of theoretical solution is studied by the way of finite element calculation of cylindrical shell under line loads with different acting width
通過對多種載荷作用寬度的線壓作用下的圓柱殼的有限元應力計算，研究線壓作用寬度對理論解的影響。The rayleigh - ritz method is used to lead to analytical expressions for the stiffness and mass matrices and load vector as well as their sensitivities, which uses the simple polynomials to define assumed displacement functions, geometry and construction of wing structures. excluding some selected terms from the displacement functions or using stiff springs at the specified locations imposes boundary conditions. the accuracy of calculated results is improved by including transverse shear effects and using multiple sets of ritz functions in the analysis
它使用簡單多項式作為ritz基函數、定義翼面的幾何和結構參數，利用rayleigh - ritz方法導出翼面結構的剛度矩陣、質量矩陣和載荷向量及其靈敏度的解析表達式，通過排除位移函數中某些選定的項或在指定點使用約束彈簧施加各種邊界條件，考慮橫向剪切變形和使用多組ritz基函數改進分析的質量，使用等效蒙皮和等效夾芯技術提高計算效率。Finally, the paper provides the theoretic method suitable for calculating the tensioning elongation of the tendons, and checks the method as well by measurement data from several engineering projects
同時，分析了預應力束的束效應引起的鋼絞線的重新排列，以及彎曲段等效徑向荷載產生的徑向位移，最後得出了適合小曲率半徑預應力束張拉延伸量計算的理論方法，並通過多個工程實測數據進行校驗。Either the collision between ship and bridge or ship and anti - collision equipment is a complicated non - linear dynamic response process under extreme large load in a very short time. because of the complicacy and the uncertain factors in collision process, it is nearly impossible to make theoretic analysis by building up an accurate mathematic model
無論是船-橋相撞或是船-防撞裝置相撞都是一個十分復雜的碰撞動力學問題，是兩者在很短的時間內在巨大沖擊載荷作用下的一種復雜的非線性動態響應過程，且碰撞過程中存在多種不確定性因素，因此企圖通過建立一個精確的數學模型使問題得到完全解析是不可能的。Further, the mechanical behavior and fracture features under flexural load of the c / sic composites are discussed with mechanical properties contract to microstructure and cvi - pip process parameters. the multiple fracture phenomenon of the c / sic with high toughness connected to multiple interface fracture is found, which supplements the conventional composite theory on the relationship between strength and fracture mode
聯系化學組成及微結構參數、工藝參數，進而研究了彎曲載荷下該c / sic復合材料的行為特徵和失效過程，發現了一種與多重界面失效緊密聯系的、高斷裂韌性的多重損傷累積型材料破壞現象，補充了傳統的脆性基體復合材料強度一斷裂韌性理論。分享友人