退化失效 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [tuìhuàshīxiào]
退化失效
英文
degeneracy failure-
The humankind is troubled seriously by a series of environmental problems, such as air pollution, ozonosphere destruction, glasshouse effect, acid rain, water pollution, land pollution and soil erosion and so on. all of these will stop our economy developing
大氣污染、臭氧層破壞、溫室效應、酸雨頻繁、水污染、土地污染、水土流失、草原退化、森林急劇減少、珍稀動植物滅絕、沙漠急劇擴大等一系列環境問題嚴重困擾著人類，各種公害接二連三地侵襲人類，再這樣下去，經濟將變成無源之水、無本之木。The major strategies for developing non - timber product forest crops during constructing the shelterbelt of the changjiang river are to transform non - timber in the serious water and soil erosion areas, to plan the development scales of non - timber forest in the areas of returning farm to forest, to adjust non - wood products distribution, to establish high productive production bases of non - wood products and to strengthen the macroscopic guide of government for developing non - timeber forest
對水土流失嚴重的經濟林分佈區進行技術改造、做好退耕還林地上發展經濟林的規劃、適當調整經濟林生產布局、建立高效經濟林生產基地、強化政府的宏觀指導是在長防林建設過程中發展經濟林的主要對策。In light of the problems of aggravated soil erosion and litho - desertification of the karst regions in northwest guangxi as a result of degradation of forest ecosystems, six " grain - for - green " models ( five models of artificial afforestation or grass planting, and one model of desertation for natural vegetation restoration ) were screened out for quick restoration of vegetations in the regions and evaluated for their respective ecological effect
摘要針對桂西北喀斯特地區森林生態系統退化造成的水土流失加劇以及石漠化嚴重的現狀，篩選適合該地區植被快速恢復的5種人工造林（草）方式和自然拋荒恢復模式，分析評價各種模式的生態效應。These examples show that, contrary to the widely accepted assumption that nutrient inputs to tropical upland soils will accelerate acidification and deterioration, a combination of supportive management measures such as erosion control, legume cropping and recycling of biomass and plant nutrient inputs can safely lead to soil fertility buildup and attractive, sustainable, economic returns
通常認為在熱帶地旱土土壤上施用養分會加速酸化和土壤退化，但這些例子卻恰恰相反，表明了通過控制水土流失、種植豆科作物、生物量再循環以及養分投入等綜合配套措施可以穩妥地增進土壤肥力和獲得有吸引力的經濟效益。In 1994, the ternpc got the only creative prize of agriculture science in the first ningxia patent exhibition, and the golden medal of the first agriculture science and technology achievement exhibition of china, held by the cstc chinese science and technique committee and shanxi province. in 1996, it was listed in the major plan of science and technique spreading by nstc
總的來說，西部的生態環境特別是西北地方砍伐，水土流失，土地沙漠化的問題十分嚴重，由於生態環境惡化，造成湖泊乾涸，下遊河道斷流，土壤次生鹽化面積不斷擴大，沙塵暴頻繁增加，天然林場草場在面積退化，如果這些問題不能起到有效控制，環境的惡化很難逆轉，現有的綠州也很難利用。And on the economic side, i think we saw two things : one, a greater sense of movement and dynamism as we tried to reach a final agreement on market access in the wto - we re not there yet, but i think this last summit gave it an impetus - and, of course, some major contracts in terms of american business interests, and then trying to remedy the chinese trade surplus with the boeing contract being particularly noteworthy the last time around
取消最惠國待遇將無效且產生反作用，它會逐漸損壞香港的經濟與自治。它會造成美國經濟重大的損失，使中國加入世界貿易組織案不是失敗便是倒退。它還會增強那些反對改革之中國領導人的地位，而使中國改進處理我們所最關切之問題的前景更為惡化，也會阻礙中國發展成為一個更以市場為導向、守法且如眾望所歸的成為更開放的社會。On the following, on the basis of formulas given above, three kinds of effects due to ionosphere are presented : image shift due to group delay which was caused by the difference between the group velocity and the velocity of light in the ionosphere ; image distortion due to ionospheric dispersion which can create second phase error of lfm signals ; the last, the phase perturbation caused by the irregularities of the ionosphere can reduce the coherent length and affect azimuthal resolution
文中主要研究了電離層的三種影響：信號經過電離層傳播的群延遲引起的成像偏移；電離層的色散效應給線性調頻信號帶來二次相位誤差，導致圖像退化、失真；以及電離層的閃爍、湍流等不規則性引起的信號相位起伏。在此基礎上，比較分析了不同波段、帶寬條件下電離層的影響。Both hydrogen plasma and sinx thin film can effectively enhance the short circuit current density of mono and poly silicon solar cells, which cause the improvement of the absolute transfer efficiency about 0. 5 % ~ 2. 9 %. depositing sinx thin film followed by hydrogen plasma treatment will result in better passivation effect. the thickness of sinx thin film will decrease and the refractive index will increase after annealing
經過薄膜後退火處理發現，氮化硅薄膜經熱處理后厚度降低，折射率升高，但溫度達到1000oc時折射率急劇降低；沉積氨化硅薄膜后400oc退火可以促進氫擴散，提高鈍化效果；超過400oc后氫開始逸失，晶體硅材料中的少子壽命急劇下降； rtp （快速熱處理）處理所導致氫的逸失比常規退火處理顯著。When the performance degradation is caused by the discrete cumulative damages, the degradation failure model based on renewal process is proposed and used to analyze the reliability of metallized film pulse capacitors in the laser device. when the degradation process is continuous, two models based on wiener - einstein and gamma processes are presented respectively. because it is difficult to obtain an analytical expression of the failure model using the latter method, we present a failure model based on monte - carlo simulation
根據該模型的特點，給出了基於參數回歸分析的統計推斷方法，分別提出基於比例危險模型的競爭失效分析方法和基於位置-尺度模型的競爭失效分析方法; （ 4 ）對于隨機失效閾值問題，研究並給出了相對失效標準下的退化失效模型和分析方法;對強度退化的動態應力-強度干涉失效進行分析，提出了周期性應力作用下的動態應力-強度干涉失效可靠性模型和復合應力作用下動態應力-強度干涉失效可靠性模型。The analysis of i - v characteristic and microstructure shows that the failure of device results from the gate sinking and ohmic contact degradation
通過溫度斜坡試驗，對器件試驗前後的i - v特性的對比分析和微結構的分析表明，歐姆接觸退化和柵下沉共同導致了器件的失效。Because the routine test method could not meet the requirement of modern devices, the author put forward a new test method called temperature ramp measurement （ trm ）. by this method, we can observe dynamically the whole process of devices " degradation, so the estimation value of life and failure active energy can be extracted accurately
針對目前常規評價方法不能適應當前微電子器件快速發展的需求，提出了恆定電應力的溫度斜坡法（簡稱trm法） ，動態觀察和分析器件退化的全過程，應用此方法給出了實驗樣品的失效激活能和壽命預測值，並與常規方法進行了比較，得到了比較一致的結果。Faustmann - hartman forest resource model of economic and environmental benefits has been selected to study the economic compensation issues on environmental benefits, economic incentives are used to encourage the owners or / and managers of watershed forest resources to manage their forests for natural preservation, in the meantime, all stakeholders - the owners, managers, policy - decision - makers, investors and beneficiaries and losers will learn the opportunities and constraints of watershed forest resource management. the research will be meaningful to decision - making for compensation fee institution for environmental benefits
本研究應用綜合考慮經濟效益與環境效益的faustmann - hartman森林資源模型，研究水源涵養林環境效益的經濟補償問題，以創建經濟激勵機制促進水源涵養林所有者或經營者採取有益於自然保護的生產經營方式，並促進各利益相關者? ?水源涵養林所有者、經營者、政策制定者、投資者、水源涵養林環境服務的受益者、和環境退化的受損失者等了解投資於水源涵養林環境服務的機會與問題，同時也為我國森林環境效益補償制度的制定和實施提供決策依據，只有重要的理論和現實意義。The concepts of degradation failure and the framework of reliability analysis from degradation measurements have been discussed. the inference methods for the repeated - measures degradation data are proposed. the performance degradation is caused by interior damage cumulative processes of products that may be discrete or continuous
（ 3 ）對于突發失效與退化失效的競爭失效問題，在考慮突發失效與產品性能退化過程相關時，提出了一個競爭失效的模型，該模型包括了突發失效與退化失效無關時的情況。The second kind of degradation failure of random failure standard is the stress - strength interference failure considering stochastic stress and strength aging degradation
在加速退化方程和加速退化因子概念的基礎上給出了幾種典型退化失效It analyzes the opportunities in the aspects of macro - economic environment, national industry policy, substitutes and entry into wto. it also analyzes the threats in the aspects of relatively hysteretic development of backward related industry, ineffective barrier of entry & exit in some extent, increasingly strict requirement of environment protection. then, it analyzes the strengths in the aspects of human resource, relative international competence of some representative companies, faster development of technology industrialization, improved integrated recovery and relative advantages of capital and cost
從宏觀經濟環境、國家產業政策、替代品以及加入wto等四個方面進行了機會分析；從後向關聯產業的發展嚴重滯后、行業的進入與退出壁壘一定程度失效、環境保護要求的日益提高等幾個方面分析了我國鉛鋅冶煉行業發展所面臨的威脅；從人力資源、代表性企業具有一定的國際競爭能力、技術產業化進程加快、綜合回收水平提高、資源成本的比較優勢等方面分析了行業所具有的優勢。The last one, in order to use the devices right, we analyzed the kinds and reason of degradation and failure
半導體激光器退化失效的類型及原因，以及怎樣正確使用器件。分享友人