通例的 的英文怎麼說

Kelvin is the unit for the absolute temperature scale. one kelvin is equal to one degree celsius. however, the absolute temperature scale is shifted by 273

絕對溫度是科學界最通用的溫度單位，只要將它減去273 ，便可轉化為攝氏度，例如絕對溫度300度，相等於攝氏27度。

Comprehensive cellular responses was found in human amnion fl cells following exposure to low concentration of mnng, such as the lowering of dna replication fidelity resulted from alteration of dna polymerase profile ; activation of a lot of transcription factors, such as api, creb, nf - kb etc ; clustering of egfr ( epidermal growth factor receptor ) and tnfr ( tumor necrosis factor receptor ) and activation of camp - pka - creb and jnk / sapk signal pathways

我們發現，低劑量mnng處理后的人羊膜fl細胞有廣泛的細胞反應，並有多個信號轉導通路的激活和基因表達的改變。例如dna復制保真度下降， dna聚合酶譜發生改變，應用報告基因技術和底物磷酸化檢出技術證明細胞一系列轉錄因子如ap1 、 creb 、 nf b等被激活，細胞表面受體如表皮生長因子受體、腫瘤壞死因子受體發生聚簇，細胞信號轉導通路camp - pka - creb和jnk sapk被激活。

In the part of the positive analysis, the cases of hong kong are anatomized to define how the governance of the family business can be effective

在實證部分，我們通過香港案例的實證分析，來研究什麼狀態下家族企業治理模式是有效率的。

In this paper, the structure of toyota 4s - fe engine computer is anatomized. and the main trouble and its solution of the engine computer are analyzed

摘要本文通過對發動機電腦內部結構的解剖，探討發動機電腦故障。提供了幾例發動機電腦故障實例的解決方法。

What we can do now is to minutely stipulate the extent of prescribed punishment, to define the standard of sentence by the judicial interpretation, and to approbate the directive role of cases

目前需要做的工作是在立法方面進一步細化法定刑范圍，通過司法解釋進一步明確量刑標準，承認案例的指導作用。

Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases

第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。

In preparing his brief he gave only two pages to conventional legal reasoning and citation of precedents.

他在準備辯護狀時，僅用兩紙進行通常的法律推理和援引判例。

The issue of notice of no - objection in respect of an application to deregister a private company under the companies ordinance in accordance with iro ; and

按照稅務條例的規定，根據公司條例就撤銷私人公司的注冊的申請發出不反對通知書以及

This is so because climbing plants are likely to encounter intensive - changing environmental condition during their growth ( especially change of illumination ). secondly, there is a large proportion ( 30 - 40 % ) of climbing plants which belong to dioecism, and hence a gap between male and female plants on morphology, biological characteristic, economic value and so on. this dissertation focuses on herbaceous climbing plants, perennial or annual species such as dioecious trchosahthes kirilowii maxin and dioscorea opposita thumb, and monoecious luffa cylindrical ( l ) roem, it attempts to discover how climbing plants adapted to various environments and the mechanism of adaptation from aspects of physiological and reproductive ecologies at present, due to overuse of chlorofluorocarbons ( cfcs ), the ozonosphere has become thinner and thinner, and the ultraviolet - b ( uv - b ) radiation has increased considerably

而攀援植物本身是一類理想的植物行為生態學研究材料：第一，攀緣植物由於受攀緣能力和支柱木資源的限制，在生長過程中通常要遇到強烈變化的環境條件（特別是光照） ；第二，攀緣植物中具有較高比例的雌雄異株類型，通常佔地區攀緣植物種類的30 40左右，不同性別的植物在形態學及生物學特性、經濟價值等方面存在一定的差距，因此，本文以雌雄異株攀緣植物栝樓（ trchosahtheskirilowiimaxim ） （葫蘆科多年生草質藤本植物）和山藥（ dioscoreaoppositathunb ） （薯蕷科薯蕷屬植物） 、雌雄同株異花攀緣植物絲瓜[ luffacylindrical （ l ） roem ] （葫蘆科一年生攀緣草本植物）為材料，試圖從生理生態學及生殖生態學角度揭示攀援植物如何適應不同生境及其機理。

Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。

Cbr is used to obtain the domain knowledge and experience embedded in campaign plans by memorizing the existing cases, which is similar with the operating procedure mainly relied on the planning of aoc. moreover, cbr eases the bottleneck of the formalization of domain theory and experience of aoc through memorization. therefore, it is pretty rational and worthwhile for this thesis to introduce cbr and take it as the planning technology of aoc

基於案例的推理是通過回憶已有案例來獲得蘊涵在作戰計劃中的知識和經驗，但是對空中進攻作戰的知識和經驗進行規范化表示很困難， cbr則通過回憶避開了知識規則表示的瓶頸，因此，本文將cbr技術引入空中進攻作戰計劃生成中，具有相當的可行性和重要的應用價值。

Republicans have the right to filibuster under centuries - old rules that this page has long defended

長久以來的慣例是，共和黨人有阻撓議案通過的權利。

In the second part, we analyzed the speciality of the vogue journal, compared to other media, and point out the industry chain that confined them. in the third part, we analyzed the typical cases, according to supply chain, source chain, brand chain, service chain, and point out the regularity of the vogue journal. in the last part, we offered some advice to develop the chinese vogue journal, pointed out that we should associate globalization and gentilitial, capitalize on the regularity of industry chain in order to develop chinese vogue journal at the background of economy globalization

論文分為四個部分展開:第一部分，是對時尚期刊范疇的界定，從理論和市場的雙重視角對時尚期刊進行分析，以期達到邏輯和歷史的統一性;第二部分，是對時尚期刊特點的分析，通過它與其他媒體的深入比較，從現代產業的角度，指出其內部深刻制約它的產業鏈;第三部分，是對時尚期刊產業鏈的研究，通過典型案例的分析，從供應鏈、資源鏈、品牌鏈、服務鏈等多重角度，提煉出時尚期刊產業鏈的規律;第四部分，是對中國時尚期刊產業的前瞻性戰略思考和對策性建議，指出在經濟全球化的大背景下，中國時尚期刊產業的發展，必定要在全球化和民族化的結合中，充分利用產業鏈的規律，壯大自身的實力。

Hon audrey eu moved a motion on air pollution control volatile organic compounds regulation was passed hansard, not yet available

余若薇議員動議有關空氣污染管制揮發性有機化合物規例的議案在立法會會議上獲得通過。

In a study of 100 firms that have reported, mr hodgson found that the perks given to chief executives, though relatively small, were much higher than those reported last year under the old, less exacting, disclosure rules

霍奇森先生在研究100家業已通報的公司的過程中發現主管們獲取的額外津貼盡管數額較小，但同去年寬松的原有披露條例所要求的通報數額相比還是高出不少。

Israel ' s supreme court ruled that the army ' s practice of using palestinian “ human shields ” to help detain wanted militants is illegal and contravenes international law

以色列最高法院裁定，軍方用巴勒斯坦人肉盾牌來協助拘捕遭通緝的好戰份子的慣例系屬違法，而且抵觸國際法。

This thesis begins with the space unit study, establishes the study object and basic methods by defining a series of elementary questions of third - dimensional composite space, and discusses the hypostasis and form structure this two core questions of third - dimensional composite space, and finally analyzes such a space phenomenon while explaining and validating the mentioned proposition by means of some architecture examples. this study can provide the possibility and operation ability for further explanation of compared complicated architectural space phenomenon

本文以空間基本單元的研究為切入點，通過三向度復合空間一系列基本問題的界定，確立課題研究的對象與基本方法：進而完成對三向度復合空間的本質屬性與形式構造這兩個最核心問題的討論；最後，以示例的方式對所述命題進行解釋與經驗性的驗證，以及對三向度復合空間現象作具體的分析。

We will reach the essence of it in this chapter by reading the leading cases such as the merak [ 1965 ] and the annefield [ 1971 ], which reflect the attitude of english court towards general incorporation clause and special incorporation clause ; the miramar [ 1984 ] and the rena - k [ 1978 ], which reveal the verbal manipulation regulations on incorporated clauses from c / p ; the sannicholas [ 1976 ], which gives resolution when the incorporation clause fails to point out the c / p meant to incorporate

本文在分析英國典型案例的基礎上對這些規定逐一予以分析。首先，通過merak案、 annefield案的分析介紹英國法對一般併入條款和特別併入條款的規定；其次，通過miramar案、 renak案的分析揭示英國法對意圖被併入提單的租約條款作語言調整的規定；最後，通過sannicholas案闡明英國法在併入條款未指明提單意圖併入哪一份租約時的處理方式。

In recent years, plentiful and substantial fruits achieved by the lb method in simulations of hydraulics, multiphase flows, flows in porous media and heat transfer as well as magnetohydrodynamics, have revealed a broad perspective of application of this method, it will become a powerful competitor to the conventional approaches. in order to absorb the recent achievement in theory and application of the lb method, explore new ways in hydraulic computation to promote the development of practice, some work is car ried out in this thesis, as following : advances in the theory research and application, deductive process of the d2q9 model and some other commonly used models of the lb method are summarized. based on the hydrodynamic and general boundary conditions, a new joint boundary condition is presented, it integrates advantage of the two conditions above and obtains very good results in dealing with all kinds of boundaries of flow fields

為了消化和吸收近年來lb方法在理論和應用方面的新成果，探索在水力計算方面的新途徑以促進lb方法實用化的發展，本文進行了下列研究工作：綜述了lb方法在理論研究和實際應用方面的新進展，以及d2q9模型的推導過程和其他一些常用的模型；在水動力邊界條件和通用邊界條件的基礎上提出了一種新的聯合邊界條件方法，它綜合了上述兩種邊界條件的優點，在流場的各種邊界處理中取得了非常好的效果，經過模塊化的處理以後這種邊界條件具有更好的實用性；針對均勻網格的lb方法計算效率較低的不足，提出了雙重網格的latticeboltzmann方法，通過二維poiseulle流動、后臺階流動和渠道方槽流動三個算例的模擬，證明這種方法能夠明顯地提高流場模擬的計算效率；此外，根據復雜區域流場的特徵提出了latticeboltzmann方法的分塊-耦合演算法，利用lb方法的計算特性實現塊與塊之間的數據交換，充分利用計算資源提高計算效率，通過對「 t 」型、 「十」型和「 x 」型分岔管道流場的模擬，展示了這種演算法的特徵和優點，以及它所具有的應用前景。

Through case study on m & a at home and abroad, we find riiat the probability of success exceeds that of mure in terms of the results of m & a

本文通過對國內外企業並購案例的實證研究發現，從企業並購的結果來看，其失敗的幾率超過其成功的幾率。