造價估算 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zàojiàgūsuàn]
造價估算 英文
cost estimate
  • 造 : Ⅰ動詞1 （做; 製作） make; build; create; produce 2 （假編） cook up; fabricate; concoct 3 [書面語...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 估 : 估構詞成分。
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 造價 : cost of construction; cost of building; cost of manufacture
  • 估算 : estimate; reckon （up）
  1. According the original thoughts, this paper circumstantiates how to carry this theory into chinese practice and how to eliminate the fundamental shortcomings if foreign standards applied mechanically. therefore, in a creative way, this paper establishes a feasible eva appraisal system according to chinese listed companies " character and demonstrates it on some listed companies, such as sichuan changhong co. ; tsingtao brewery company ; and harbor line companies. in one word, this paper wishes to provide a set of more practical and predictable standard in comparison with roe and eps

    本論文正是根據其理論，首先著重對目前如何將經濟增加值實際運用於評估中國上市公司業績，進行針對性的分析和探討，從而逐步剔除機械套用國外指標體系的根本性缺陷，然後按照中國證券投資市場的特徵，創造性地建立一套符合中國實情地指標體系，同時運用這一指標體系對四川長虹、青島啤酒以及整個港口行業的上市公司五年間的業績變化情況做了仔細的運算和分析，並與現行的凈資產收益率、每股收益進行實證分析、比較，以期為上市公司業績評價提供一種更有預見性、更可行的指標體系。
  2. The real estate development cost control methods are specified of decision, design, execution stage to reduce the construction cost, and it is compiling feasibility study report and capital invest estimation in decision, optimizing the design scheme and designed rationally in the technique and construction drawing design stage, electing rational construction scheme in construction stage, controlling the change in the work and field visas strictly, examining and approving budge detailed, budge planning use the quantities list, electing the best subcontractor, preventing some monopoly raise the price, collecting the detailed data in the fieldwork, making strict bargain

    討論了房地產開發項目的決策階段、設計階段、實施階段分別需要採取的相關措施和方法，以盡量降低項目的工程造價，即在決策階段編寫詳細的可行性研究報告和編制投資估算；在設計階段優化設計方案，進行合理的技術設計和施工圖設計；在實施階段選擇合理的施工方案，嚴格控制工程變更和現場簽證，嚴格審核工程施工圖預算，工程造價的預算採用工程量清單報價，擇優確定專業分包單位，防止少數壟斷性行業任意抬價，深入現場，收集和掌握施工有關資料，制定嚴密的合同條款。
  3. According to the highway requirement of building project investment and the principle of integration of theory with practice, the author manages to guide the practice of the transform project of tongliang - hechuan 2th road and carries out the appraisement research of economic integration including analysing the historic background and existing questions of this project, proposing the essentiality to upgrading and revising this road, analyzing the economic evaluating method of road, studying the investment evaluation and capital raising of tongliang - hechuan 2th road. at the same times, the author has carried through particular and systemic evaluation for the project and the result is feasible

    基於上述認識，作者以公路工程改造建設為背景，進行深入的剖析，按照公路建設項目投資管理的要求，本著理論聯系實際的原則，運用研究的理論指導銅梁合川二級公路改造項目的實踐，對其進行綜合經濟評價研究，包括對銅梁合川二級公路的現狀和存在問題進行說明分析、提出進行公路改造的必要性、公路交通經濟評價理論分析、對銅梁合川二級公路的改造進行投資估算和資金籌措，並對該改建項目進行了詳細而系統的經濟評價，結論是可行的。
  4. Method for brewing corporation to assess the effect of price - adjusting strategy on the market and the realization skills on computers

    釀造企業評估產品調價策略市場效果方法及在計算機上的實現技巧研究
  5. The article introduces the basic concepts and common methods of fuzzy mathematics, initially discussing the applications of fuzzy mathematics in the following aspects : 1 ) division of " skidding " strata with grade of membership that are drilled with diamond bits ; 2 ) comprehensive evaluation on the application in evaluation of diamond bits, classification of rock drillability, and evaluation of clay ; 3 ) classification of " hard rock " through fuzzy clustering analysis ; 4 ) estimation of completion time of boreholes and evaluation of underg round water with fuzzy mathematics ; 5 ) identification of new ore areas and option of best water resource area with fuzzy model ; 6 ) option of diamond bits and evaluation on oil field development plan with fuzzy resemble option and the improved calculation method ; ? ) prediction of mud slurry performance and of the amount of surging water in ore pits with fuzzy control ; 8 ) comprehensive evaluation of diamond bits and supporting plan of deep foundation pit with fuzzy optimal theory

    初步探討了以下幾方面的應用： 1 ）用隸屬度劃分金剛石鉆進「打滑」地層； 2 ）綜合評判在金剛石鉆頭評價、巖石可鉆性分級及鉆探造漿粘土評價中的應用； 3 ）用模糊聚類分析進行「硬巖石」分類； 4 ）用模糊數進行鉆孔竣工時間預估及地下水質評價； 5 ）模糊模式識別在新礦區類型識別和最佳水源地選擇中的應用； 6 ）模糊相似選擇及其改進演算法在金剛石鉆頭選擇和油田開發方案評價中的應用； 7 ）模糊控制在泥漿性能和礦坑涌水量預測中的應用； 8 ）優化理論模型在金剛石鉆頭和深基坑支護方案綜合評價中的應用。
  6. In the basis of previous analysis, the building and development plan, the calculation of reform invest expense and economic evaluation are done. the environment evaluation is also be done and the environment protection method is set forth

    在此基礎上，做出甘井子港區建設發展規劃及規劃改造投資費用估算和經濟評價，並進行了環境評價，提出了環境保護規劃措施。
  7. Construction cost consultation ; editing and auditing of financial projects ; construction auditing ; wholly evaluation of assets ; estate appraisal

    工程造價咨詢與管理竣工決算的編制與審核，工程審計，企業資產的整體評估與房地產估價。
  8. Based on the feature technology and object - oriented mechanism, we found the manufacture - oriented three levels ( namely part, feature and geometry ) model of mechanical part and the resource model ; secondly, we realize the concurrent design of mechanical part and process through decomposing cycle, and then we constitute the evaluation guidelines on the basis of evaluation strategy of levels, which carry out from two levels ( part and feature ) and four phases ( part rough evaluation, feature rough evaluation, feature detail evaluation and part general evaluation ) ; thirdly, we put forward some evaluation methods according the evaluation guidelines, which include the rule - based process evaluation method, rule - based and fuzzy evaluation - based method associated with resources, case - bas ed and feature - based cost estimation method ; at last, we give a manufacturing - oriented evaluation system of rotating mechanical part, which validate the evaluation guidelines and method of the dissertation useful and practical

    以特徵技術為基礎，面向對象的編程機制為手段，建立了面向製造的三層次（即零件層、特徵層、幾何層）零件模型；同時進行了面向製造的資源建模。第二，通過細化循環，採用分層遞階的評價策略，分兩層（零件層和特徵層）四個階段（零件初評價、特徵初評價、特徵詳細評價和零件總體評價）建立可製造性評價指標；第三，以評價指標為基礎，分別提出了基於規則的結構工藝性評價方法、基於規則和模糊綜合評判定性和定量相結合的加工可行性評價方法、以及基於實例和特徵的加工成本估算方法；最後，以solidworks為開發平臺， vb6為編程工具，初步構建了面向製造的回轉類零件可製造性評價系統，它們驗證了本文評價指標和評價方法的實用性和可行性。
  9. In reverse, it causes much debt and make themselves go into trouble in this article, with discussion on the whole course of the technical reformation project to cn cutters made by harbin nol tool works, from setting up the project, introduction of the enterprise status, the marketing forecast to the investment evaluation and financial analysis. it introduces these problems in details from all aspect. applying financial ration analyzing theory, enterprise strategy management theory enables the quantitative evaluation of the enterprise present situation

    本文詳細敘述了哈爾濱第一工具廠數控刀具技術改造項目實施的全過程，從項目立項，企業概況介紹，市場預測一直到投資估算及財務分析評價，從多方面多角度介紹項目改造過程中應考慮的問題，運用了財務比率分析理論和企業戰略管理理論，對該企業的現狀進行了定性分析及定量評價，並提出了解決問題的方法和相關對策。
  10. The cost - evaluation model of hrsg was also established, the data and empirical correlations used in cost model are all from domestic manufactures and hence are real and practical

    利用國內製造廠的實際經驗數據和公式，建立了實用的余熱鍋爐造價估算模型。按照本文提出的成本分攤方法及余熱鍋爐造價估算模型，建立了bchp系統的熱經濟學模型。
  11. There is two things important on calculating eva. firstly it need to estimate the cost of the equity, then get the wacc ( weighted average cost of capital ) and the cost of the capital invested. secondly, some account items have to adjusted in which value created activities are distorted according to the general accounting principles to ensure the result can be demonstrated comprehensively

    計算eva ，需要估算權益的成本，並由此計算出加權平均資本成本，最終確定資本投入的成本，另外，現有的通用會計準則扭曲了大量的價值創造活動，因而在計算eva時，也需要根據企業實際，對經營結果有重要影響的會計科目進行調整，以確保最終的eva能夠全面反映企業的經營效果。
  12. On the basis of collecting and processing many datum and materials. firstly. this paper analyzes main activities and cost constitutions of each stage of the life cycle of a fcs, and lay a foundation for later analysis and evaluation of system lcc. secondly, a basis method and usage range for estimating the system lcc are introduced. a multivariate linear regression model of pcs development cost and cost driven factor is built by use of the parametric method and supplies the base of cost estimation of newly - developed systems. thirdly, combine actual examples and make statistical analysis of lcc of a certain pcs developed by our institute, predict unhappened usage and service cost with grey prediction method, obtain proportion of each constitute to the lcc. forthly, according to actual conditions, use the fuzzy theory to overall evaluate efficacy of the fcs, fifthly, combimng our actual conditions, investigate specific measures of how to implement the life cycle cost management in our institute and put forward a new conception of developing web - based flight control system lcc management information system with pdm as the platform. at last, investigate important factors such as reliability and maintainability that may affect the life cycle cost of the fcs in detail, and put forward specific methods of lowering the life cycle cost of the fcs

    論文在收集和整理大量資料的基礎上，首先深入分析了飛控系統壽命周期各階段的主要活動以及各階段的費用構成，為以後系統壽命周期費用的分析和評價奠定了基礎；其次，介紹了壽命周期費用估算的基本方法和使用范圍，並利用參數法建立了飛控系統研製費用與費用驅動因子的多元線性回歸模型，為新研系統的費用估算提供了依據；第三，結合實例對我所研製的某型飛控系統的壽命周期費用進行統計分析，運用灰色預測方法對未發生的使用及維修費用進行預測，得出了該系統的壽命周期費用以及各組成部分所佔比例；第四，根據實際情況，首次運用模糊理論對飛控系統的系統效能進行了綜合評價，構造了飛控系統系統效能模糊綜合評價模型；第五，結合我所實際，探討了如何在本單位實施加強壽命周期費用管理的具體措施，提出以pdm為平臺，開發基於web的飛控系統lcc管理信息系統的新構思；最後，對影響飛控系統壽命周期費用的重要因素如可靠性和維修性等進行了詳細地研究，提出了降低飛控系統壽命周期費用的具體方法。
  13. Their business covers the following : auditing for the listed and ultra - large state - owned enterprises group and enterprise account - checking ; taxation affairs surrogating, consultation and planning ; asset evaluation for listing of enterprises and its overall assets ; evaluation on the cleared assets of banks and asset management companies ; evaluation on immaterial assets and brands ; pperformanceevaluation for state - owned enterprises and land ; auditing on the budget and final accounts of large - scale projects and cost investment controlling of ultra - large projects, tendering invitation surrogating ; management consultation, financial consultation, tax planning, the flexibility analysis and argumentation of capital operation, share system reorganization and various investment projects ; consultation on and subrogation for the re - grouping, annexation, clearance, closure and canceling of enterprises consultation on enterprise information planning ( erp ) ; corporation image ( ci ) planning ; quality attestation consultation ; consultation and transference of scientific achievements, science consultation and service ; other training programs

    公司在上市公司審計、特大國有企業集團審計、企業查帳驗證；稅務代理、稅務咨詢、稅收籌劃；企業上市資產評估、企業整體資產評估、銀行和資產管理公司清理資產的評估、無形資產和商標評估、國有企業經營績效評估、土地評估；大型工程預決算的審計、特大型工程造價投資控制、工程招投標代理；企業管理咨詢、財務咨詢、資本運營、股份制改組及各類投資項目的可行性分析論證；企業的改制重組、兼并、清理、歇業、注銷的咨詢及代理服務；企業信息化咨詢（ erp ） ，企業形象策劃（ ci ） ；質量認證咨詢；科技成果的評估及轉讓、科技咨詢及服務；各種培訓服務等方面有強勁的服務能力。
  14. Firstly, we made investigations for reconstructed effects by measurements and surveys at sites, and made evaluations of social function using blurry synthetic evaluation methods. secondly, we analysed and valued the ecological functions, taking the fixed volume calculation of gardening vegetables the various types of ecological functions of garden and the fixed analysis of the ecological adjustment as the basic methods. lastly, in the thesis, many methods are used to calculate the value of economic values, such as shadow project method, market - value method, substitute method, and so on

    首先，通過實地測量和問卷調查等方法對其改造效果進行調查，並且運用模糊綜合評價法對其社會功能進行評價;其次，以城市園林綠化綠量計算為基礎，以園林植物不同種類生態功能定量計算為基本方法，對其生態功能進行了分析和估算;最後，運用碳稅法、造林成本法、影子工程法、市場價值法、條件價值法、替代法等方法，估算了其經濟功能。
  15. Starting from transfer pricing actions of mncs, this article analyzes its incentives and implementing modes. with quantitative analysis, it estimates china ’ s tax loss made by mncs since 2000 to 2004

    本文從跨國公司轉讓定價行為出發，分析其動機與實施方式，再以定量分析的手段來估算了跨國公司自2000 - 2004年通過轉讓定價對我國稅收收入造成的損失。
  16. Everywhere, the value of the creative media industries is being recalculated and revalued as a consequence of the staggering worldwide commercial success of the american mass - entertainment, programme - manufacturing and media marketing and distribution industries : a media success equivalent to cocacola ' s universal appeal

    美國大眾娛樂、節目製作、媒體市場和銷售發行行業取得了世界性的令人驚愕的商業成功：這個媒體上的成功近乎于可口可樂風行全世界的魅力； （人們普遍認識到）這一點，隨之而來的結果是，在各地，創造性媒體工業的價值都在被重新估算和重新評價。
  17. Feasibility study on construction project, investment budget calculation, engineering project cost estimation, final account settlement and calculating the cost bottom data for tendering project and project ' s economic evaluation, engineering cost surveillance and control

    建設項目可行性研究、投資估算、工程概（預、估）算及標底編審、項目經濟評價、工程造價監控。
  18. Having long been ergigedin the evaluation and feasibility study, engineering value consultation and also in construction engineering auditing, induding budgetary estimate, item budget and final accounts ), also engaged investment evaluation consultation. of engineering project

    工程咨詢中，從事工程項目評估，可行性研究，工程造價咨詢業務；專業咨詢中，從事建設工程審計（包括概、預、決算審計） ，投資項目評估等咨詢業務。
  19. If actual damages cannot be reasonably calculated, you agree to pay cleverlearn liquidated damages of 10 for each piece of spam or unsolicited bulk email transmitted from or otherwise connected with you ; otherwise you agree to pay cleverlearn s actual damages, to the extent such actual damages can be reasonably calculated

    如果您所造成的損失是無法估算的，您同意將以每條惡意郵件10美元的價格，賠償對cleverlearn造成的損失。如果損失可以估算，您同意賠償對cleverlearn造成的實際損失。
  20. Project item feasibility study, project budgetary estimate and construction budget, protendetr estimate for public bidding, construction cost check and appraisal, construction inspection, construction management and assets evaluation

    工程項目可行性研究，編制工程概，預算和招標標底，審核和鑒定工程造價，工程建設監理，工程項目施工管理和資產評估
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