Cryptic species have been found in a wide range of marine organisms ; with majority of them are benthic invertebrates. in contrast, marine holoplanktons are thought to have lower diversity and slow speciation due to their strong dispersal potential. this paper reviewed studies on cryptic species and speciation in marine holoplankton. based on findings in 38 studied taxa, it was concluded that : 1 ) cryptic species are pervasive in marine holoplankton, suggesting holoplankton speciation was more active than previously thought ; 2 ) current morphospecies diversity is untenable to reflect true species diversity in marine holoplankton ; 3 ) geographic isolation may facilitate cryptic speciation of marine holoplankton. however, contribution of allopatric speciation is still questionable ; 4 ) ecological speciation may be the prevailing speciation mode in marine holoplankton. cryptic speciation in marine holoplankton is paradoxical, because rapid speciation under strong gene flow is countertuitive. solution of this paradox will help us gain deep insights of marine speciation and biodivesity
隱種廣泛存在於各類海洋生物中，尤其是底棲無脊椎動物.然而，海洋終生浮游生物由於具有較強的擴散能力，往往被視為生物多樣性低、物種形成慢.本文就海洋終生浮游生物隱種與物種形成的研究作一綜述.基於研究的38個種類，結果表明: 1 ）海洋終生浮游生物普遍存在隱種，其物種形成要比想象得快; 2 ）由於引種的廣泛存在，形態種生物多樣性無法反映海洋終生浮游生物真正的物種多樣性; 3 ）地理隔離有助於海洋終生浮游生物隱種的形成，但異域物種形成的作用仍值得商榷; 4 ）生態物種形成很可能是海洋終生浮游生物物種形成的主流模式.海洋終生浮游生物強基因流下快速的物種形成有悖于生物
進化常理，解決該悖論將有助於我們對海洋物種形成和生物多樣性的理解
If i want to elucidatied the complax problem, i had to analysis it from many aspacts. in the historical context in china then. the transmit had the historical invialibility. and the evolution acted as the historical invialibility by accident. our tranditional culture and the science practice in ancientry society offered the theory chance for the transmit. finally, the evolution labeled by science
在當時中國的歷史情境下，這種傳播是有其歷史必然性的。而
進化論就偶然地充當了這種歷史必然性。而我國的傳統文
化和古代社會的科學實踐則為這種傳播提供了理論契機和物質基礎。
Edgar anderson postulated that pure species were usually well adapted to the habitats on which they evolved.
愛德加安德生解釋說，純種樹通常能適應其
進化所在的生境。
Modern industry brings about modernism culture whose major characters are anthropoids, evolutionism, individualism and the worship to newness. this is the ideological origin of modern social developmental idea with the view of urban development and economic growth
根源於現代工業發展的現代主義文
化以人類中心主義、單線
進化論、個人本位、新之崇拜為主要特徵，引致了城市中心論和經濟增長論的社會發展理念的形成。
The most controversial implication of the geneticists' work is that modern human didn't slowly and inexorably evolve in different part of the world as many anthropologists believed.
現代遺傳學家的研究結果所暗示的論點最有爭議。他們認為並不象許多人類學家所相信的那樣-現代人類緩慢而堅穩地在世界上不同的地區
進化。
Man was evolved from an ancestor that was probably arboreal
人大概是從住在樹上的祖先
進化而來的。
Human vision like that of other primates has evolved in an arboreal environment
人類的視覺，和其它靈長目動物的一樣，是在叢林環境中
進化出來的。
This archetypal human holds keys to group evolution
這一原型模式維系著群體
進化的鑰匙。
In the scopes monkey trial a school teacher was arraigned for teaching evolution.
在斯科普斯案中一位教師由於講授
進化論而被控告。
Study of telecom customer arrear evaluation based support vector machine
基於免疫
進化支持向量機的年用電量預測
Liang qi - chao believed that history is evolving constantly and the " evolution " is limitless ; it is progressive but has twists ; it is in a spiral ascendance rather than in a straight line
摘要梁啟超認為歷史是「
進化」的，它具有
進步性和曲折性，呈無極限之螺旋狀而非直線上升。
The development of the backboned animals is one of the most fascinating parts of the story of evolution.
脊椎動物的發育是
進化史中最吸引人的一部分。
Resistance of host trees and existance strategy evolution of bark beetles
樹木抗性與小蠹蟲生存策略的
進化
They said fish were the most ancient of the major vertebrate groups, giving them " ample time " to evolve complex, adaptable and diverse behaviour patterns that rivalled those of other vertebrates
他們說魚是最古老的主要脊椎動物，他們有"足夠多的時間"來進化出復雜多樣並且有適應能力的行為模式，與其他脊椎動物相抗衡。
