進程組先導 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jìnchéngzǔxiāndǎo]
進程組先導 英文
process-grouleader
  • 進 : 進構詞成分。
  • 程 : 名詞1 （規章; 法式） rule; regulation 2 （進度; 程序） order; procedure 3 （路途; 一段路） journe...
  • 組 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由不多的人員組成的單位） group 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（組織） organize; form Ⅲ量詞（...
  • 先 : 名詞1 （時間或次序在前的） earlier; before; first; in advance 2 （祖先; 上代） elder generation; ...
  • 導 : 動詞1. （引導） lead; guide 2. （傳導） transmit; conduct 3. （開導） instruct; teach; give guidance to
  • 進程 : course; proceeding; process; progress
  1. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed

    研究結果如下：首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵，對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價，提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集；初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律，進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎；發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象，對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物，通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決；研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段，這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系，是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎；像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響，是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型，並分析了模型的適用性。
  2. First, a simple discussion for the mechanism about electrostatic atomization of the liquids has been given ; then the paper theoretically analyzed waving course, liquid drop producing course, and the liquid drop diffusing course in electrostatics atomization process., gave an analysis about the methods about carrying charges to the liquid drop, and analyzed that liquid with high electrical conductivity can be carried charges and atomized by electric field, while the isolated liquid with low electrical conductivity can be charged fully with the soakage electrode and inducing charge methods. at last the paper designed and configured the experimental equipment, conducted the atomization experiment to the three liquid medium - kerosene, emulsifier and alcohol under the same environment, handled the experimental results, then summarized the relationship between liquid electrostatic atomization effect and liquid surface tension, electronic conductivity and viscosity, along with the influence of voltage to electrostatic atomization and so on, found out the liquid atomization rule in high voltage electrostatic field

    首先，對液體介質的靜電霧化機理作了初步的探討，理論上分析了液體霧化過程中射流區、波紋區、霧滴區和霧滴擴散區;然後對液體荷電方法進行了研究分析，對于高電導率的液體，場致荷電和接觸荷電可以使其霧化，而對于電導率較低的絕緣液體，需用浸潤電極荷電和感應荷電方法使其充分帶電;最後，根據前面的研究分析，設計和組裝試驗裝置，在同一環境下對煤油、乳化劑、酒精三種不同液體介質進行高壓靜電霧化試驗，並對試驗結果進行分析處理，總結出液體靜電霧化與液體表面張力、電導率和粘度的關系及電壓對液體靜電霧化的影響等，得出高壓靜電場中液體霧化的一般規律。
  3. During recently 3 years, i mainly engaged in mechanical vocation ' s plant planning. i attended 25 projects, which including feasible reports, preliminary designing and working drawing designing, ranged over establishment or technology reforming of machine tool factory, gear factory, tractor factory, automobile manufactory, electric pump factory, electromechanics factory, electric cable factory, the highest investment of them is 160 million yuan, total design work expand over 850 million ( no repeat calculate ). for i have professional ability and well up in developmental situation of mechanical vocation and it ' s situation inside jiangsu province, these projects what i designed were all authorized by leading department and expert, introduced into national plan and bring into operation. these projects bring both economic profit and society profit for the factory ' s technical advancement, product ' s update. as the director of these projects in these designing and consultation work, i generally organize and operate these and earn the higher valuation of leading department and consumer

    近三年來主要從事機械行業工廠工程設計，先後參與二十五個項目的可行性研究報告編制，初步設計和施工圖設計.涉及機床廠，齒輪廠，拖拉機廠，汽車製造廠，電泵廠，電機廠，電纜廠的新建或技術改造，其中單項投資額最高的為1 . 6億元，總計完成投資額為8 . 5億元（未重復計算）的設計工作量.由於對機械行業發展狀況和省內狀況較為熟悉，具有一定的專業水平，這些設計項目均經有關領導部門，專家審定列入國家計劃，得以實施，為工廠的技術進步，產品更新換代，生產發展創造較好的經濟效益和社會效益.在這些設計，咨詢中，本人均任項目負責人，全面組織，實施設計工作，得到主管部門和用戶較高評價
  4. The feasibility of decomposition of transition firing sequence, the application of them in the detecting lfs and the reverse course of decomposition - synthesis are discussed. they provide theoretic basis for our algorithm in the field of petri net. supported by the above, two main part is included in the algorithm : at first, x is transacted according to the following method in order to get a set of xb named as basic vector of x which is the firing count vector of a directed path without circle if md is reached from m0 in the rg ( m0 )

    在變遷序列分解的指導思想下，我們的演算法主要通過以下兩步工作完成： （ 1 ）首先對給出的已知條件中滿足狀態方程的n維非負整數向量進行處理，得到一組x的基礎向量x _ b ，使得在petri網的可達標識圖中，若存在一條由m _ o到m _ d的有向無環路，則x _ b為這樣的路上變遷引發序列的發生數向量。
  5. Niche breadth of four dominate populations at three age groups was studied by the methods of resource utilization ability and ratio. the result shows that : symplocos sectchuanensis is a typical gengeration species whi ch resource utilization ability is strong, and distribution is wide. meanwhile, go rdonia acuminata, castanopsis fargesis and pinus massoniana specialized at some d egree in resource utilizationm, their distribution is limited. especially, the ju venile of pinus massoniana specialized outstandingly. with the devlopment of pinu s massoniana, which is the pioneer population in mt. jinyun, the environment become s unfit to it ' s juvenile. it turns to needle and evergreen broad - leaves mixed fo r est. because the tolerance toward shading of gordonia acuminata is lower than tha t of castanopsis fargesis, gordonia acuminata will be substituted by castanopsis fargesis and other evergreen broad - leaves species are the edificators. the popul ation ' s ability of resource utilization is the inner factor of population distri bution and community succession. the distribution of light and the concentrate of nutrient ( such as n ) is the outer factors of community succession

    對縉雲山森林植被的4個優勢種群3個年齡級生態位寬度進行了研究.結果表明，川灰木利用資源的能力最強、分佈廣，為典型的泛化種.大頭茶、栲樹、馬尾松對資源的利用在一定程度上特化，分佈上有一定的局限性.馬尾松的中齡組與幼齡組特化現象十分顯著.縉雲山森林植被的先鋒種馬尾松的發展，導致環境的改變不適于其幼齡個體的生長，群落演替到針闊葉混交林階段，最後發展為以栲樹等為建群種的常綠闊葉林.種群的資源利用能力，是種群分佈與群落演替的內在原因，光因子和營養元素（如n ）是群落演替的主要外部動力
  6. We first set up the hiberarchy of the nmm ’ s visualization and focus on the study of pem ’ s visual process. then the coupling equation of pem is deduced and a rapid algorithm for solutions of bordered tridiagonal linear equations is put forward. in the last of the thesis, elementary system of deformation geometry unified for manifold ’ s structure is studied primarily via the idea of unified modeling and some theoretic results for analytical visualization are given out under the system of frenet frame of arbitrary parameters

    文章結合nmm的基本原理和特點，研究了nmm可視化的有關理論和方法;文章首先建立了nmm可視化的層次結構，重點對面素單元法（ pem ）的可視化過程進行了細致研究，推導出了pem的耦合方程，然後給出加邊三對角方程組的一種快速求解演算法，最後還從統一建模的思想對統一于流形結構變形幾何的基本體系進行了初步研究，得到了任意參數形式下frenet標架體系的若干適用於解析可視化的理論結果。
  7. According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

    本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。
  8. The plan is to finger out the laws and rules in favor of the venture capital ' s operation in order as soon as possible, establish the leading fund provided by government, offer governmental credit assurance and stock, reduce the tax to the high - tech enterprise, construct the polarizing investor frame including government, corporation, international investment company, achieve the legalization of private - collecting fund, quicken the course of endowment insurance fund of investment to the venture capital, that can solve the problem of capital shortage, to improve the rule - framework of the investment company, and expect to carry out the limited and partnership company. through the way of theoretics education and practice, introduce into the advanced technology and talent to promote the ability of investment specialist, strengthen the inspection to medi - agency and exploit the operation scope, bring forward a set of high - tech enterprise evaluating system suitable to choose the enterprise invested by the investment company. last, buy by corporation, and - techniqufi - and property right dealing market is the practicable exit channel comparatively

    即盡快制定有利於風險投資規范運作的法規及條例，建立政府導向基金，為高新技術企業提供政府信用擔保、政府采購以及稅收優惠等政策支持；構造由政府、大公司、國際投資公司構成的多元化投資者結構，盡快實現私募基金的合法化，加快社會養老保險基金進入風險投資的進程，以此方式解決資金短缺的問題；在目前有限責任和股份有限機構組織形式的基礎上，改善風險投資機構的法人治理結構，並建議早日實現有限合夥制組織形式；以理論教育結合實踐，引進國外先進技術和人才等方法促進投資專業人才能力的提高；通過加強對中介機構的監管和拓展中介機構風險投資中介服務，促進中介機構的建設，並結合實際提出一套適合於風險投資公司選擇投資項目的高新技術企業評估體系；最後建議以大公司收購和技術產權資本交易的方式作為目前較為可行的風險投資退出渠道。
  9. The first step is to build up the mind to satisfy the customers, nail down the direction of development and the mission of the enterprise, formulate the object which is composed of market, innovation, profit and society, and determine the direction of development. the following step is to analyze comprehensively the opportunities and threats from the external environment, and also the advantages and disadvantages in the internal environment, as to construct and foster the core competence of the flour manufacturers. the third step is to exert comprehensively the strategy of cost - leading strategy, difference strategy integrate strategy target - focus strategy and diversification strategy to foster and maintain the core competence

    麵粉製造企業的核心競爭力管理的過程包括： （ 1 ）樹立顧客滿意的戰略思想，明確企業的發展方向和企業使命，並制定由市場目標、創新目標、盈利目標和社會目標組成的戰略目標，決定麵粉製造企業核心競爭力的發展方向； （ 2 ）對麵粉製造企業外部環境的機會和威脅、內部環境的優勢和劣勢進行綜合的戰略分析，構建和培育麵粉製造企業核心競爭力； （ 3 ）綜合運用成本領先戰略、差別化戰略、集中目標戰略、一體化戰略和多樣化戰略來培育和維護麵粉製造企業核心競爭力； （ 4 ）制定職能戰略、進行以企業核心競爭力為載體和顧客滿意為最終奮斗目標的組織結構變革，提高企業領導人的核心競爭力意識，維廣東工業大學管理學碩士學位論文護和發展麵粉製造企業核心競爭力: （ 5 ）發展和再造麵粉製造企業核心競爭力等五個步驟。
  10. To gain better innovation performance, enterprises should promote total synergy of these six key agents under the paradigm of tim ; 2 ) the five - phase process model of total synergy, named c ~ ( 3 ) is is brought forward in this paper, contact / communication, competition / conflict, cooperation, integration and synergy as general five phases in the process of enterprise ' s technology innovation ; 3 ) based on literature review and the result of empirical research from more than 100 large and middle chinese enterprises, some important factors are summaried, and approaches to promot the total synergy of all innovation agents are recommended ; 4 ) synergy betweentechnology and every non - technology agent innovation has strong positive corelation to the degree of total synergy, among which synergy between technology and market agent contributes most, following is between technology and institution agent, technology and organization agent, technology and strategy agent, and the synergy between technology and culture agent contributes least ; the quantitative relations ( regression equation ) between them are : degree of total synergy = synergy between technology and organization agent 0. 16 + synergy between technology and institution agent 0. 38 + synergy between technology and market agent 0. 46 - 2. 70

    首先結合國內外文獻和面向全國100餘家大中型工業企業的211份調查問卷的實證研究得出了創新要素全面協同的影響因素。在此基礎上，從戰略與領導、制度、組織結構與流程、文化、溝通與知識共享等方面總結出了促進各創新要素協同的方法與途徑； 4 .技術與各非技術創新要素的兩兩協同對于要素全面協同程度都有較強正相關性，其中對于全而協同程度貢獻最大的是技術與市場要素的協同，其次是技術與制度、技術與組織、技術與戰略，而技術與文化要素的協同對于全面協同的貢獻相對較少。實證得出各要素協同與全面協同程度間的定量關系是（線性回歸方程） :要素全面協同程度二技術與組織要素協同x0 . 16 +技術與制度要素x0 . 38 +技術與市場要素xo . 46一2 . 70 。
  11. We begin with the maxwell - field equations, deduce the wave - propagation equations, and then analyze the characteristics of guided modes in optical fiber. based on these, we derive the coupled - mode equations that describe the interaction between the modes

    從光纖中的麥克斯韋方程組出發，首先推導出描述光在光纖傳播的波動方程，進而分析光纖中模式特性，並在此基礎上，嚴格推導出描述模式耦合的耦合模方程。
  12. Firstly, the mechanism and constitution of the areal model of agricultural integration are expounded and market tread, leading products, enterprises engaged in processing and selling agricultural products and its specialized wholesale markets and how the peasants are organized are all considered as its component parts. secondly, the methods of how to determine the types of areal models of agricultural integration are discussed. the fact that agricultural production is limited by territorial difference is considered, so the property of the commodity base of agricultural products is thought of as the important basis to determine the model types

    首先，對農業產業化地域模式的機制與構成要素進行了論述，把市場指向、主導產品、農產品加工銷售企業、農產品專業批發市場以及農民的組織化程度視為農業產業化地域模式的構成要素；其次，對確定農業產業化地域模式類型的方法進行了探討，認為應以農業生產的地域性為出發點，把農產品商品基地的屬性（而非其他）作為確定模式類型的重要依據；採用綜合分析法把煙臺市農業產業化地域模式類型分為五類；然後實證分析了萊陽龍大公司和棲霞蛇窩泊果品批發市場帶動當地農業產業化發展的實例；最後分析論述了煙臺市農業產業化地域模式的集聚
  13. The target of financial management ( fm ) is to achieve maximum value of enterprise is made definite, after anaiyzing all kinds of financial relationships. the essence of organization institution for modern enterprise system is agency by agreement, which can operate perfectly under the conditions of perfect encouragement & engagement rules, so the core of the encouragement & engagement rules for new fmm is to establish distribution regulations. there are many measures can be taken availably, such as budgeting, project cost management etc. and many new concepts of advanced management are worth being adapted, for instance, opportunity - cost, cost - benefit, legal knowledge, and so fbrth

    新的財務管理模式運行的環境是現代企業制度下的國際工程公司，現代企業制度最基本的要求是產權清晰，鑒于本院是知識技術密集型企業，引入了人力資本觀念，完善和充實產權清晰的內容；在分析了企業的各種財務關系后，明確提出財務管理目標?企業價值最大化；現代企業制度的組織制度的實質是委託代理關系，委託代理關系的有效運作依靠完善的激勵約束機制，以此為指導，新的財務管理模式建立起以分配製度為核心的激勵約束機制；充分吸收先進的管理觀念，如成本效益觀念、資金的時間價值觀念、法制觀念，運用先進的方法，如全面預算管理、項目成本管理等，來全面提高財務管理的水平；財務管理體制是財務管理模式運轉的組織保障；按照本院的業務特點，將業務分類，設置了相應的組織機構。
  14. At the soonest approach concerned the theoryon after liberation was producer goods precedence growth, two greater part proportional relation and others, present research tend to industrial structure fluctuant resource allocation effect, industrial policy, traditional industry ' s adjustment and quantification research. industry organization theory is based on microeconomics, orthodox industry organization theory ' s basic feature is scp analyses paradigm, primary school has harvard as well as non - mainstream ' s chicago school, innovation school and neo - austrian school. hotspots in our country recent years are enterprise size, industrial concentration, market structure, as well as relation to performance, entering and exit mechanism and industrial system policy. this article takes over evolutionary economics ' s analytical approach to analyse institution and technology change, which may affect manufacturing industry, and using evolutive viewpoint to research competition, regional cooperation. based on industrial economics ' s theory, the artical puts forward that manufacturing industry take the leading function in economic structure transformation, manufacturing industry ' s laging is maxima drawback for the agro - industry change, and others

    產業結構理論早在威廉?配第的著作中已有論及，要點是產業間的相對收入差異導致勞動力的部門流動；后來又有關于勞動力在三次產業間移動趨勢的研究，產業結構演替規律的分析，工業化過程與后工業化社會，工業結構的高加工度、高技術化及產業結構軟化等問題的研究，我國建國後有關的理論最早探討生產資料優先增長、兩大部類比例關系等，目前的研究則趨于對產業結構變動的資源配置效應、產業政策、傳統產業調整進行定量化研究。產業組織理論以微觀經濟學為基礎，正統的產業組織理論的基本特徵是scp分析範式，主要有哈佛學派和芝加哥學派、新制度學派和新奧地利學派。
  15. First, we make the basic need of magnetic circuit clearly, present the theory formulation for permanent magnetic circuit of radial polarization using the method of analyzing the theory of magnetic circuit of axis polarization, and program the calculational programme to simulate the magnetic field of magnetic circuit applying finite difference method. then we continue to study using the adult soft of femm of calculation magnetic circuit magnetic field, consider many factors affecting it, get a great lot of data and curves, give some better magnetic circuit structures for reference at our laboratory. in the end, with the condition of our lab, we measure the permanent magnetic circuit completed, then the experimental and calculational simulation results have been discussed and analyzed

    本文首先闡述了磁路計算及設計的基本要求，利用分析軸向永磁體磁路理論的方法，推導出了求解徑向磁化磁路的理論方程，應用有限差分法，編制了計算程序，對磁路的磁場進行了模擬；然後利用比較成熟的計算磁路磁場軟體femm作深入研究，考慮了影響磁路磁場的多種因素，得出了大量數據和曲線，給出了幾組比較合理的磁路結構，可供實驗的參考；最後，結合本實驗室條件，對現有永磁體磁路進行了冷測，將測試結果和計算模擬結果作了比較，並進行了討論和分析。
  16. The study solves engineering problem as follows : ( 1 ) the systematic study on the historical course of xigeda strata deposit and geologic environment includes strata, lithologic characters and constitution et in the liangshan and panzhihua region. the results show that the xichang - panzhihua express way is controlled by the anninghe fault and the xigeda fault, the earthquake frequently happen in the region of pass, the different sedimentation number is more great, they effect the road building, safety in operation and structure belong road ( 2 ) because in some place the xigeda strata is foundation and roadbed, the study on the basic properties of the xigeda strata include density, moisture content plastic and liquid limit graduation. the results show that the xigeda strata is deposition in lake, the main component is mudstone and sandstone, the fine particle is main, it has some viscosity, the moisture content of mudstone is different the it of sandstone, the other property are likeness. the xigeda strata has no dilatation on total, some claystone have low and medium dilatation ; ( 3 ) the study on the basic properties of xigeda filler include the composition of matter the biggest standard dry density, the optimum moisture content the results show that xigeda filler can use as road material, it is well grade filler and admixture filler on essence, its compaction index should change in different place because the property is controlled by mudstone and sandstone that change is great in different place ; ( 4 ) the study on the xigeda filler craft used as express way roadbed, includes suitable thickness, compaction numbers and methods and equipment choice et

    公路沿線廣泛分佈有昔格達地層，昔格達地層能否用作高速公路路基填料，國內沒有先例，本論文就是結合導師的科研項目，在非典期間，現場長達5個月的工作，完成了從試驗、現場施工工藝到路堤分層沉降監測等工作，是面對生產實際，認識昔格達地層的性質和其作為地基、路基和填料應用中面臨的問題進行的研究。主要的研究內容有：對攀西地區地層巖性、構造等地質環境和昔格達地層的沉積歷史過程作了系統的分析，研究表明西攀高速公路主要受安寧河斷裂和昔格達斷裂影響，通過地區地震活動頻繁，差異沉降較大，對公路建設、安全運行和沿線構築物設計有較大影響；由於昔格達地層在有些路段作為地基、有些作為路基，對其基本性質進行了研究：包括天然密度、含水量、塑液限、顆粒級配等指標的試驗研究。研究成果表明：昔格達地層為湖相沉積，主要為砂巖和泥巖，它以細粒組為主，同時粘粒的存在，使其具有一定粘性。
  17. By adopting a compared study approach, the chapter states that the system represents an important development of international law in three senses : ( a ) it puts into practice the basic idea that international dispute settlement should be " regulation oriented " instead of " strength oriented " ; ( b ) it is an effective attempt to create a relatively independent judicial system within international organizations and ( c ) it manages to create a new vehicle for peaceful < wp = 4 > dispute settlement that integrates legal approach with diplomatic approach

    本章通過比較研究，首先闡述了wto爭端解決機制對國際法理論與實踐三個方面的重大發展：實踐了國際爭端解決從「實力導向」向「規則導向」發展的基本理念、對于在國際組織內建立一套相對獨立的司法制度進行了卓有成效的嘗試、建立了一種以法律方法為主外交與法律方法相結合的和平解決國際爭端的新型方法，然後從三個方面闡述了wto爭端解決機制對國際法發展的重大影響：國際法與國內法關系方面、國家主權理論方面、法律一體化進程方面。
  18. Starting from maxwell ' s equations, the paraxial propagation equation of intense laser light in ionizing gases is derived and is analyzed by means of the source - dependent expantion ( sde ) method. an equation governing the evolution of the laser beam redius is obtained, based on which we analyze the ionization - modulation ( im ) instability. then, a vectorial, nonparaxial propagation equation is established, and the mechanism of energy loss during the propagation is analyzed

    首先從maxwell方程組出發推導出強激光在電離氣體中傳輸的傍軸傳輸方程，利用源展開方法對傍軸傳輸方程進行分析，得到光束半徑的演化方程，從而討論傳輸過程中的電離調制不穩定性；再建立矢量非傍軸模型，並討論氣體電離產生等離子體所引起的激光能量損耗機制。
  19. Before undertaking any capital works project, the university gives careful consideration to the conservation of the environment and the ecology. besides ensuring strict compliance with the environmental protection regulations of the buildings office and lands office, the university steering committee on environment usce, which comprises staff, students and relevant experts, also examines each project and, when necessary, makes recommendations on environmental protection

    大學進行任何建築工程，必先審慎考慮環境保育，維持自然生態，除嚴格遵守建築署和地政處的環保規定，由老師、同學和有關專家組成的大學環境事務督導委員會，亦審視每項工程並按需要提出環保建議方案。
  20. The main idea makes use of daubechies orthonormal bases to transform the differential equations into linear equations in wavelet space, and then solve the set of simultaneous equations to get the solution, transform the solution back into physical space to identify the moving loads or the prestressing force. numerical simulations demonstrate the efficiency of the method using selected measurements

    該方法的思路是先對車橋系統進行有限元建模，再利用小波基將動力學方程導入小波空間，求解關于響應與載荷的小波系數的線性方程組得到載荷小波系數，重新導入到物理空間求得所需識別移動載荷。
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