運思性知識 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùnsīxìngzhīzhì]
運思性知識 英文
operative knowledge
  • 運 : Ⅰ動詞1 （物體位置不斷變化） move; revolve 2 （搬運; 運輸） carry; transport 3 （運用） use; wield...
  • 思 : Ⅰ動詞1 （思考;想） think; consider; deliberate 2 （思念; 懷念） think of; long for Ⅱ名詞1 （思路...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 知 : Ⅰ動詞1 （知道） know; realize; be aware of 2 （使知道） inform; notify; tell 3 （舊指主管） admin...
  • 識 : 識Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （記） remember; commit to memory Ⅱ名詞1. [書面語] （記號） mark; sign 2. （姓氏） a surname
  1. With the change and improvement of science knowledge, the irrationalism on the theories of knowledge has been turned from fideism which have blind faith in external authority to the intuitionism trusting internal instinct, but their common point is to negate that science knowledge is the product of human ' s logic reasoning, and not to believe that human rational can judge truth from falsehood

    摘要科學知識的發展變化與進步，使知識論中非理性主義由中世紀迷信外在權威的信仰主義，轉向現代信任內在本能的直覺主義，但其共同點是否定科學知識是人類運用邏輯理性思維的產物，不相信人類理性能夠判斷真理與謬誤。
  2. Water pollution administration has been a cosmopolitan question, and at the same time the western countries have acquired a lot of success and experiences in water pollution administration. so we must change the thinking way, analyze hesperian experience and use for reference, when our country are facing with the serious problem in water pollution administration, so that we can advance chinese water pollution administration system reform

    水污染治理問題已是一個全球性的公共問題，同時西方國家在水污染的治理方面已取得了較大的成功，積累了許多寶貴的經驗，因此在我國水污染治理仍面臨艱難問題的今天，必須轉變思路，運用理論知識對西方國家的經驗進行分析、加以借鑒，推進中國水污染治理體系的改革。
  3. Combining with knowledge representation and automatic reasoning principle of ai and generic paradigm, the system has these main functions : ? it is able to show different solutions of typical example ; ( 2 ) it can automatically generate problems similar to the example for students to solve by providing them with clues ; ( 3 ) these problems can be studied by demonstrating the complete solution process and answers with the help of automated reasoning, or by providing real - time prompts to students concurrent with the students " solution processes with the help of automated reasoning ; ? it provides exercises and is able to call a program produced by the group ( the translator ), which transfers apla programs to executable programs so as to verify its correctness ; ( 5 ) it let teacher to add examples in the database ; etc. hi the course of systematic research, we deeply investigated the relevant knowledge of the system and made some innovation : about teaching content, we select par method as the main content

    本系統選用薛錦雲教授的par方法為主要教學內容，應用人工智慧的知識表示和自動推理原理及泛型思想，使得系統具有以下核心功能：展示幾種典型例題的解；以泛型思想為指導，實現了無限題庫，可以自動生成與典型例題類似的問題給學生求解並給予提示；對于這些題目，計算機可以自動推理出由問題到程序的全過程供學生學習；也可通過自動推理根據用戶的實際做題情況實時給出提示，互動式地幫助學生學習演算法程序設計；學生可以從問題庫中獲得練習，並調用轉換器，將自己的apla程序轉化為可執行語言程序，運行以檢驗其正確性；對教師而言，可以對已有的實例庫、問題庫進行添加操作等。在系統的研製過程中，我們深入研究了系統的各方面相關知識，並進行了多方面的創新：在教學內容方面，首次選用par方法為主要內容。
  4. Through the approach of investigative questionnaire and ability examination, considering both teachers " teaching practice in senior high school and students " need in analyzing and resolving problem, taking the method of fixing the quality and quantity, we make a demonstration research. at last, we draw a conclusion that the 19 manifestations of chemistry ability can be reduced to three levels : the basal level, called repeating thinking, includes distinguishing and judging the chemical fact and relations of quantity in chemical reaction, comparing and summarizing the chemistry fundamental knowledge ; innovative thinking level includes illogical thinking and logical thinking. illogical thinking mainly contains intuition, association and space imagination of micro - particle

    通過調查問卷、能力測試等途徑，結合教師在中學化學的教學實踐和學生在分析、解決問題的實際需要，採用定性與定量結合的方法，進行實證研究，得出結論：化學學科能力的19種表現形式歸納為3個層次：最基礎的再造性思維能力層次包括對化學事實和化學反應中量的關系的識別和判斷、對化學基礎知識的比較概括；以培養創新能力為核心的創造性思維層次包括化學直覺思維、聯想、對微觀粒子的空間想象為主的非邏輯思維和靈活運用已學的化學知識通過分析、綜合地解決問題為主的邏輯思維；化學實驗能力層次是化學學科能力的最高層次，它以思維能力為基礎，集中體現了化學教學的基本特徵，實驗能力層次包括：選用實驗方法和設計實驗方案，對實驗的評價，研究和處理實驗事實、資料、數據，發現規律，表達實驗及其結果，最終解決問題的能力和發散思維。
  5. Part one : this part introduces the summarization of the abs ( asset - backed securities ), which includes the conception, the basic theory, the features, the categories, the basic running process, and the circumstance of the research and development, etc. part two : the main contents of this part are the necessity and the analysis for the feasibility of the financing of securities depending on the charges of expressways, including the analysis for the feasibility of the financing of securities on the basis of the expressways " charges, the option between the two operation models, and the analysis for the feasibility of the operation of indigenization, etc. part three : this part mainly demonstrates how to design the plan of a company for the financing of securities and indigenization, which consists of the introduction of a company ' s background and the main problems to be confronted, the features of the basic assets and the analysis of the cash currency, the selection of spy, the design of trading structure, the product design of securities, etc. part four : this part discusses the financial evaluation about a company ' s design of the financing of securities and indigenization on the basis of the expressways " charges, the analysis of the risks and the analysis in general

    本文的創新之處在於: （ 1 ）通過對我國《信託法》 、 《公司法》等相關法律、法規的深入研究，提出在國內現行制度框架和市場環境下，以信託方式設立特設目的機構的基本思路，並構架了類附擔保公司債信託型和信託簽發企業銷售型兩種較為滿意的本土化交易結構方案，具有一定的理論創新性; （ 2 ）將資產證券化這一金融創新工具應用到高速公路融資領域，論證了高速公路利用收費證券化融資的必要性和可行性，並提出了一個可供借鑒的操作性方案。本文可能的不足是在證券化產品設計方面由於筆者知識水平的欠缺，深感作得不是很深入，需進一步的完善和細化;另外對各種交易結構模式的設計和分析只是一種理論上的探討，到底是否有效和可行需接受實踐的進一步檢驗。論文分為四個部份:第一部份，資產證券化概述，包括資產證券化的概念、基本理論、特點、基本形式、基本運作流程、國內外研究和發展現狀等。
  6. Inquiry learning method helps to stimulate students " learning interests, enhance their cooperative ability as well as capability in collecting and dealing with information. creative thinking training can strengthen their ability of solving all kinds of problems, foster their creative consciousness. as a result, not only the students " marks, interests, but also their creative thinking capabilities have been greatly improved

    中文摘要兩學年的探索與實踐己見成效，探究性學習有助於激發學生的學習興趣、問題意識，培養學生樂于探究、努力求知的精神，增強學生收集信息與處理信息的能力以及與人合作的能力，創造性思維訓練有助於增強學生綜合運用知識解決問題的能力，培養學生創新意識、創新能力，提高學生的科學素養，使學生得到全面發展。
  7. Mainly by using the historically comparative experience method, and in view of chinese linguistics and certain relevant theories like bruners structuralism and modern cognitive theories, and yet on the basis of elaborating on discipline structure of teaching chinese literacy in the primary school and the characteristics of child ' s cognitive development, this thesis reflects upon the practice of teaching chinese literacy in china ' s primary school and emphasizes the importance of good resolutions of the following issues : the relation between chinese literacy teaching and chinese teaching system ; the stages of chinese literacy acquisition and the multiplicity of the approaches to such acquisition ; the issue of chinese phonetic alphabet as the instrument of chinese literacy acquisition or as its goal ; major device and auxiliary devices for the development of chinese literacy, etc. and finally by addressing the essential frameworks of the new curriculum standards, the ultimate aim of chinese literacy teaching as well as the striving direction for china ' s chinese teaching reform is defined as " teaching aims at self - teaching "

    在對我國小學語文識字教學歷史經驗進行回顧的基礎上，分析其中的合理性與局限性，找出問題的癥結所在，探索如何將漢字構字規律與學生的認知規律有機結合起來，提高識字教學水平，是本文的主要研究目的。本研究主要運用歷史經驗比較法，借鑒漢語言文字學、布魯納的結構主義和現代認知心理學的有關理論，在論述我國小學語文識字教學的學科結構和兒童的認知特點的基礎上，反思我國小學語文漢字教學的實踐，提出識字教學必須處理好幾對矛盾：識字教學與小學語文教學體系、識字的階段性與識字方法的多樣性、拼音是識字教學的手段還是目的、識字的主要方法與次要方法等，結合新課程標準的基本精神，提出「教是為了不教」是識字教學的最終目標，也是我國小學語文教學改革的努力方向。
  8. The independent study " four - link " teaching method includes four links : leading self - study, organizing discussion, less teaching to answer questions, practices to improve. with optimizing the class teaching, reforming the teaching method, paying attention to instruct the study method, this method develops the self - study ability, expressing ability, analyzing and criticizing ability and creating ability of middle school students, let them play their independent roles in classroom. and this makes the classroom full of energy, improves the students " knowledge, ability, consciousness and behavior at the same time, and lets the students " study get gain, get thought and get effect

    思想政治課「四環節」教學法包括「引導自學? ?組織討論? ?精講解惑? ?實踐提高」四個環節，它從優化課堂教學入手，從改革教法方面突破，從指導學法上下工夫，培養中學生自學能力、表達能力、分析批判能力及創造性思維能力，充分發揮其課堂主體作用，使課堂教學充滿活力，使學生知識、能力、覺悟、行為同步提高，課堂學習學有所得，學有所思，學有成效，能運用辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義的觀點分析和解決現實生活中的實際問題。
  9. In the process of the system study, the knowledge in the domain of ship collision avoidance is analyzed and the collision mechanism, process and the tactic are studied firstly. and then, using the fuzzy mathematics theory, the fuzzy mathematical model of judging collision risk is built, which take into account of the factors such as ship maneuverability, visibility and so on. in addition, based on the expert system theory, a design method of ship intelligent collision avoidance expert system is put forward, and the frame of ship intelligent collision avoidance expert system is built

    在系統的研究過程中，首先對船舶避碰領域知識進行分析，並研究了船舶碰撞的原理、過程及對策；然後運用模糊數學理論，建立了一種評判碰撞危險度的模糊數學模型，該模型考慮了船舶的操縱性能、能見度等多種因素；接著根據專家系統理論，提出了一種船舶智能避碰專家系統的設計思路，並構建了一種船舶智能避碰專家系統的框架；最後以visualbasic6 . 0作為軟體開發平臺，設計了一種具有良好的可視化人機交互界面的船舶智能避碰專家系統軟體。
  10. The outstanding features of this paper lied in the following aspects : it tried to master the guiding ideology of the reform in science complex ; it tried to find out the optimum biology teaching method : it suggested that the teaching of declarative knowledge should reflect the social meaning and advanced merits ; it proposed applying multiple teaching methods to raise the class teaching efficiency ; it maked reasonable use of all initiative new teaching models, realized the combination of " ability clue " and " knowledge clue ", and endowed the students with the ability to analyze systematically and think in whole. in the period of the revision for the entrance exam, not only the basic knowledge should be consolidated, but their comprehensive ability should be cultivated through the building of subject structure

    本文的突出特點是不僅在宏觀方面力求把握理綜改革的指導思想，而且在微觀方面力爭找準優化生物學課堂教學的切入點：主張陳述性知識的教學要充分體現先進性和社會性；倡導在課堂教學中採取多元化的教學方法和手段，提高課堂教學效率：合理運用各類創新型教學模式，實施構建「能力主線」 ，並和「知識主線」相結合，培養學生的系統分析和整合的思維能力。在迎考復習階段，不但要夯實基礎，還要通過學科知識結構的構建培養學生的綜合能力。
  11. The paper selects lu bi - cheng, who was a famous feminist at that time but has been ignored for a long time, and analyses particularly her feminism ideas and practice from the viewpoint of history, education, literature, etc. " equality of men and women " as the starting point, the theory of women ' s education as the key content, she put forward a lot of systematic and profound position, which not only deal with correctly the relation between " saving the nation " and " equality of men and women ", but also have profound and moderate characters

    本文選取了這場運動中一位非常重要、然而長期以來一直為人們所忽視的女權主義者呂碧城，綜合運用歷史學、教育學和文學等學科知識，具體分析了她的女權思想及實踐。她以「男女平權」為歷史起點，以女子教育理論為核心內容，提出了許多系統而深刻的女權思想。這些思想不但正確處理了「救亡圖存」與「男女平權」二者之間的關系，而且具有深刻平和的特色，以其在思想層面上的進步性與實踐層面上的可行性在中國女權思想發展史上居於不容忽視的地位。
  12. Part three has expounded further the explorations investigated rs activities in it environment in several middle schools in lan zhou and the relevant analysis based on those. such aspects as it environment, schools, teachers, students and practice of pbl activities are investigated. it was found that those schools who have no any pbl activity are lack of finance, it facility, rs knowledge, consciousness for rs from leaders in schools, effective organizing activities for pbl, and teachers " research capabilities for pbl ; on the contrast, those schools who have pbl activities achieved many benefits such as students " improved capabilities of acquiring, analyzing, evaluating, and processing information, changes of students " traditional studying manners, students " advanced capacities of synthetically applying knowledge, communication and cooperation, students " developed creative intelligence and practice abilities on research, students " high social responsibility and courage facing to frustration, extended modern education concept and increased performance of teachers, update of schools " facilities, innovation of schools " management system

    在本部分，論文通過初步走訪調研、問卷調查，研究從信息技術環境、學校、教師、學生以及研究性學習活動開展的具體實施情況幾個層面進行了詳盡的調查，發現了在未開展活動的學校主要存在以下原因：資金短缺、信息技術環境落後；師生有關研究性學習活動的理論素養貧乏；學校領導思想意識不到位，對研究性學習活動的領導組織不得力；教師的業務能力、科研水平低下等原因；同時也分析了開展活動的學校在活動中取得的收益和存在的不足，其中收獲有：學生方面培養了學生獲取、評價、處理和分析信息等多方面的能力、轉變了學生的學習方式、培養了學生綜合運用知識的能力、培養了學生的創新精神和研究的實踐能力、增強了學生與他人交往、協同工作的能力、增強了學生的社會責任感以及面對困難、戰勝挫折的心理素質；更新了教師的現代教育教學觀念和意識，提高了教師的業務能力和素質；加快了學校教學設施的完善和更新，推動了學校各種管理體制、激勵機制的改革。
  13. According to the modern education theory, we should adopt the following tactics in teaching the concept of chemistry : 1. use the vivid visual image to let the students gain the knowledge of the concept ; 2. create the atmosphere and let the students take part in the formation of the concept of chemistry ; 3. revise the old knowledge while learning the new one to realize the assimilation of concept ; 4. proceed step by step, lead the students deepen and develop the concept ; 5. give prominence to the understanding of the key words of the concept, get deeper understanding ; 6. pay attention to the relation between the concepts ; 7. optimize the study strategy and enhance the cognition standard, i. e. in the teaching of the concept of chemistry, we must pay great attention to the usage of various kinds of teaching method, including visual experiment, visual language and cai courseware, in order to help the students to understand the concept ; use the question to stimulate students " thoughts, give free rein to students " corpus, and let the students take part in the teaching process actively ; guide the students to remember new concepts and the help of their old knowledge ; pay attention to the levels of the concept, deepen and develop the concept continuously, use various ways to strengthen the meaning of the key words, help the students to master the concepts connotation, and give a clear extension, guide the students to found the concept system

    也就是說，在化學概念的教學中，要注意充分運用各種直觀教學手段，包括實驗直觀、語言直觀和cai課件直觀，幫助學生理解概念；注意運用問題啟動學生思維，發揮學生的主體性，使學生積極參與教學過程；要指導學生利用原有認知結構中適當的概念圖式來學習新概念；注意概念教學的層次性，不斷深化和發展概念；注意通過各種方式強化概念中關鍵字、詞的意義，幫助學生準確把握概念的內涵，清晰界定概念的外延；注意引導學生在應用中建立概念系統，形成合理的概念結構。同時在概念教學中還要注重學習方法的傳授和學習策略的形成，進行適當的元認知訓練，優化學生的學習策略，提高其元認知水平。根據化學概念的教學策略，化學概念的基本教學程序為:創設問題情境，引入概念;組織問題解決，建立概念;引導知識整理，概念系統化;指導練習應用，概念具體化。
  14. With human society entering the time of knowledge economy, the person of talent, especially the creative person, becomes the key of economic increment. comparing with prosperity of persons of talent in the time of three kingdoms, present china is faced with the predicament that persons of talent are scanty and use efficiency of hr is low. in this dissertation, from the angle of modern management philosophy and theory of hr management, i try to link with the new conditions of knowledge economy to specialize in the strategy of using persons of talent in the time of three kingdoms. the purpose of this dissertation is to solve the problems in the reality. i chiefly expound three problems in this dissertation. ( 1 ) i expound the legality of three political powers ( including wei, shu and wu ) in the time of three kingdoms. i think the legality of political power is very important in the process of employing persons of talent. ( 2 ) from the angle of the hypothesis of human nature and requirment - inspiring theory in the western management theory, i think if s important that the main leaders could judge a person ' s quality and appoint him properly in the process of hr management. ( 3 ) from the angle of the modern theory of centralization and authorization, i expound that zhu geliang did any thing himself had a bad effect on the government of shu

    相比於三國時期的人才興盛，當前的中國卻面臨人才缺乏以及人力資源利用效率低下的困境。在論文中，筆者試圖結合知識經濟的新形勢，從管理哲學以及人力資源管理理論的高度對於三國人才戰略作出專門的論述，希望能夠解決現實中的困惑。筆者在論文中主要論述了以下三個問題： （ 1 ）從政權合法性在延攬人才中的重要性以及贏得合法性的有效渠道等方面對三國時期魏、蜀、吳三個政權的合法性進行了分析； （ 2 ）從西方管理理論的人性假設以及需求激勵理論出發，對三國時期主要領導人物在人力資源管理理論中的知人善任的特點進行了分析； （ 3 ）對諸葛亮事必躬親的現代思考，在這一部分，筆者運用現代的集權和授權理論，結合現代的管理案例，對諸葛亮事必躬親所造成的嚴重後果進行了分析。
  15. Western historiography originates from its metaphysical academic tradition and logicism while chinese non - logicism or historicism make comments according to certain affairs and focuses on narrating, verifying and understanding, which is strikingly different from western historiography, which seeks for the study of fixed knowledge

    西方史學之富有理論源於其形而上學的學術傳統與邏輯（實質）主義的運思理路，而漢語文思考的非邏輯主義（或曰歷史主義）使其不離事而言理，即體用不二，道器合一，史學重在述事、征實與會通，這與西方史學追求確定性知識的探究形成鮮明對照。
  16. At the same time in this paper we analyze nonlinear behavior of masonry through finite element method program and obtain its load when the wall start to crack and when it destroy, the p - u curve and so on. a comparison has been made between the data obtained from the experiment and the calculated through finite element method program so that we can study the cause of crack. in this paper we use finite element method to study concrete ' s character to analyze masonry, satisfactory results have been attained

    因此本文在對灰砂磚砌體進行力學性能試驗的基礎上，分析其裂縫產生的破壞模式與開裂機理，並論述了將斷裂力學知識運用於研究砌體裂縫問題的可行性；同時，本文運用有限元方法對結構低周反復加載靜力試驗所做的灰砂磚墻片進行非線性分析計算，得出墻片的開裂荷載、極限荷載、 p ? u曲線，裂縫在墻體上的分佈等，與試驗所得數據對比，以便於研究裂縫的開裂機理，並將研究混凝土的有限元方法運用到對砌體的研究中，取得了較滿意的結果，為類似的試驗分析提供了一條新的思路。
  17. The design architecture is a complex comprehensive subject, which involves architecture, sociology, folklore, psychology, human engineering, structural engineering, architectural physics, architectural materials and so on and also is concerned with furniture display, decorative materials, structures, functions, arts and crafts, greening, gardening, etc., and apply to many subjects knowledge to comprehensively conducts multi - levels parietal environment design. its means is to apply to plane part, spatial structure, perspective, illusion, light technology, reflection and color variety principles and material means making " big " space turn to " small ", while " small " space turn to " big ". and according to design requirements, the spaces are re - divided and composed making it increase visual extension, and add layers through various kinds of material structure changes that make " spacious " is not " blank " while " small " is not " crowded ", creating an anticipant style and atmosphere

    建築設計是一門復雜的綜合學科，我們研究的目標及內容它涉及到建築學、社會學、民俗學、心理學、人體工程學、結構工程學、建築物理學以及建築材料學等學科，也涉及到傢具陳設，裝潢材料的結構和性能、工藝美術、綠化、造園藝術等領域，而且是運用多學科的知識，綜合的進行多層次的空間環境設計，其在手法上是利用平面主體和空間構造、透視，錯覺、光影、反射和色彩變化等原理以及物質手段，使大空間變小，小空間變大，按設計構思的要求，將空間重新劃分和組合，使之增加視覺上的擴展延伸，通過各種物質構件組織變化，加添層次，以求大而不感其空，小而不感其塞，創造出預期的格調和建築環境氣氛。
  18. By combining my teaching experience with the method of literature survey and the method of theory - practice - theory cyclic, the paper analyses the existing problems of physics concept teaching. it thinks that the main factors affecting the physics conception ' s forming are the scarcity of sensibility, the effect of preconception, the cognizance obstacle of abstract and epitome thinking, the thinking bug of middle school students, the effect of passive mentality of middle school students study and the complications of main body of study ' s control oneself - the level of metacognition

    本文綜合運用了文獻調研法、理論?實踐?理論循環法、並結合自已的教學實踐經驗對中學物理概念教學中存在的問題進行了較全面的分析研究，認為影響物理概念形成的因素主要有： 1 、感性認識不足； 2 、前概念的影響； 3 、抽象概括思維中認知障礙； 4 、中學生思維階段性的缺陷； 5 、中學生學習過程中消極心理的影響； 6 、學習主體自我調控學習過程的因素? ?元認知水平。
  19. Thinking strategy is often thought as an abstract but common thinking solution in working out problems. knowledge about thinking strategy ( strategy knowledge ) can be generalized by induction and then taught to the students

    我們通過歸納總結出關於思維策略的知識（即策略性知識） ，然後傳授給學生，學生理解和掌握了這種策略性知識，遇到某個問題，自然地運用某個策略去解決。
  20. This paper describes the details about knowledge representation and reasoning based on uncertainty in ai, and the outline of belief network. after introducing the causality diagram model and summarizing conventional reasoning algorithm, a new reasoning approach of causality diagram has been presented, which is aimed at the defects in conventional reasoning algorithm, which are the large amount of boolean computation and its complexity

    論文詳細地介紹了人工智慧中不確定性知識表達及其推理的有關內容，並簡要介紹了信度網知識表達方式；在介紹因果圖知識表達模型、總結單值因果圖的常規推理演算法后，針對單值因果圖常規推理演算法中存在邏輯運算量大、計算復雜的困難，根據早期不交化的思想，提出了一種單值因果圖推理的新方法。
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