運途風險 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yùntúfēngxiǎn]
運途風險 英文
risk in transit
  • 運 : Ⅰ動詞1 （物體位置不斷變化） move; revolve 2 （搬運; 運輸） carry; transport 3 （運用） use; wield...
  • 途 : 名詞（道路） road; route; journey; path; way
  • 風 : Ⅰ名詞1 （空氣流動） wind 2 （風氣; 風俗） practice; atmosphere; custom 3 （景象） scene; view 4 ...
  • 險 : Ⅰ名詞1 （險惡不容易通過的地方） a place difficult of access; narrow pass; defile 2 （危險） dange...
  • 風險 : risk; hazard; danger
  1. This dissertation can be divided into three parts as following : focusing on institutional risk control, this dissertation demonstrated the effect of institutional risk on dis " objects by analyzing the relationship between deposit insurance and financial development, financial stability and market discipline, in light of foreign or native primary theory and empirical results of dis. in virtue of statistical method and with the theory of game, this dissertation explored the cause the institutional risk such as moral risk and adverse selection, on the basis of which discussed the approach of controlling institutional risk and proper deposit insurance pattern. because deposit insurance assessment is the core of institutional risk control, this dissertation introduced and discussed deeply the passive casualty - insurance model, the option - pricing model, the game - theory - based pricing model, and reasonable pricing interval, and put forward the hierarchical pricing strategy of dis on the balance of information confiscatory and risk - based - assessment necessity

    本文以存款保險制度風險控制為中心，在借鑒國內外關于存款保險制度的基本理論和實證的基礎上，通過分析存款保險與金融發展、金融穩定和市場懲戒等方面的關系，論證了存款保險制度風險對存款保險制度目標的影響；並藉助統計學的方法，運用信息博弈論的觀點，從主要制度參與者? ?投保機構和存款保險機構? ?的效用函數出發，對存款保險所引發的道德風險和逆向選擇等制度風險的成因進行深入的剖析，探討有效控制制度風險的途徑和制度參數的安排模式；由於存款保險定價是制度風險管理的核心問題，本文還專門對意外存款保險消極模型、存款保險的期權定價模型、基於信息經濟學的存款保險定價模型以及合理定價區間等定價模式進行深入分析和詳細評述，闡述各種定價思路的局限性和可能運用的空間，通過權衡信息的充分性和風險定價的必要性，提出存款保險制度的層次性定價策略。
  2. After invested into a hi - tech company, individual capitals need a safe environment. the author mainly researches the trust - agent relationship among individual investor, investment organization, venture capitalist and hi - lech company, and the exit of vc

    民間資本與高科技風險投資結合需要一個支撐體系，保證民間資本合理運行，本文將從委託代理關系和退出途徑兩方面進行論述。
  3. The second chapter studies the economy of ship ' s power plants, based on the aspects of lowering fuel cost, waste heat recovery, the match of ship, machinery and propeller, increasing propulsion efficiency, increasing the economy of ship ' s power plants, etc. the third chapter discusses in detail the control measures of voyage change cost, analysizes systematically the voyage change cost based on the way of fuel cost, harbor cost, voyage venture cost. the fourth chapter studies the structures and control measures of seafarers cost, maintenance cost, spare parts and stores cost, lubricating oil cost, etc. which are relatively easy to be controlled ; based on the state maintenance decision - making, a mathematical model is put forward, the validity and its solve process are discussed. the control measures of spare parts, fuel cost and lubricating oil cost should be based on scientific budget, through the control means of application, reception, usage, store check, try to acquire the inosculation of theory

    第一章主要討論營運船舶運輸成本，對船舶運輸成本的概念、結構、性質與分攤、成本細分進行了分析，從宏觀上闡明了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第二章研究了船舶動力裝置的經濟性，在營運船舶降低油耗、廢熱利用、船機槳匹配、提高推進效率、提高船舶動力裝置經濟性的有效途徑等方面進行了闡述和論證；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，全面系統地分析和總結了航次變動成本，通過對燃油成本、港口使費、航次風險成本的分析與控制，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用控制、維修保養及其費用控制、船舶備件物料管理及其費用控制等幾個主要可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相互的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的馬爾可夫數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、燃潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章，結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討，旨在揭示成本發生的動因，並給出了成本預算、核算的編制方法。
  4. Where the seller sells the subject matter which has been delivered to a carrier for transportation and is in transit, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the risk of damage or loss is borne by the buyer as from the time of formation of the contract

    第一百四十四條出賣人出賣交由承運人運輸的在途標的物，除當事人另有約定的以外，毀損、滅失的風險自合同成立時起由買受人承擔。
  5. Article 144 risk allocation for subject matter in transit where the seller sells the subject matter which has been delivered to a carrier for transportation and is in transit, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the risk of damage or loss is borne by the buyer as from the time of formation of the contract

    第一百四十四條出賣人出賣交由承運人運輸的在途標的物，除當事人另有約定的以外，毀損、滅失的風險自合同成立時起由買受人承擔。
  6. It point out that the essential of municipal bond is the problem on repaying debt and assuring to local governments, the key factor is to enhance credit through credit enhancement, the extrude specialty is its revenue of interest except from tax. after analyzing an obligation and revenue bonds, it studies the origination : its issue principal part, the usage of financing, investors and intermedium ; the steps on the control of risk : the restriction on rights to creditor and the volume of debts ; the special regulation department ; the wide exertion of market and the clear duty system and guarantee on repaying

    在分析一般責任債券和收入債券后，探討了市政債券市場的運作，具體分析了市政債券的發行主體、資金用途、投資者和中介機構；在此基礎上，深入研究了美國市政債券市場的風險防範措施：法律對舉債權和舉債規模的嚴格限制、設置專門的監管機構、廣泛發揮社會的監督力量、建立清晰明確的責任體系和通過保險加強債券的清償保障。
  7. By using the internal and external merger theories, the author analyses not only the process but also the feasibility and necessity of xi ' an transformer factory merger xi ' an heavy furniture factory. using the " effect evaluate system of state - owned capital " assess the financial effect after the merger and reorganization. the author discuss the risk and its being on guard about debts probably, and analyses the difficulty position about reorganization and cultural blend which took by the workers " puzzled of target enterprise

    本文運用國內外兼并重組理論，分析了西安變壓器廠兼并西安重型電爐廠的可行性和必要性，以及兼并重組的過程；運用「國有資本金績效評價體系」評價了企業兼并后的財務效果；創意性地提出並論述了在兼并過程中實現股權多元化的途徑；論述了或有負債的風險和防範；從心理學角度分析了被兼并企業職工角色的困惑給重組和文化融合帶來的困境；結合該案例重組的特點，論述了兼并重組中的速度風險和企業速度觀念；提出了企業通過戰略性改組實現可持續發展戰略。
  8. The carrier may, in its discretion, in order to secure dispatch for the vessel at port of discharge or trans - shipment of the goods, proceed thence with the whole or any portion of the goods on board and discharge the same on the return trip or subsequent voyage, or discharge the same at any other port and thence carry or forward the same at carrier ' s convenience to destination at vessel ' s expense, but at risk of shipper and consignee in either case, subject in other respects to the provisions of this bill of lading in case of transportation by the carrier, or of the usual bill of lading, of any other carrier performing the same

    承運人可根據自己的判斷，為確保在卸：貨港速遣或轉運貨物，此後繼續運送船上的全部或部分貨物，並在回航途中或以後的航行中卸貨，或在其他港口卸貨，並就承運人的方便運載或轉運該貨物至目的地，費用由船方承擔，但兩種情況風險均由發貨人和收貨人承擔，其他方面應按本提單有關承運人運輸的規定處理， ，或按一般提單有關其他承運此貨物的承運人的規定處理。
  9. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the state medium - small - enterprise and the difficulties met during the stock reorganization of the high technology medium - small - enterprise, the article tries to provide possible solutions on the issues of definition of property rights, management of state assets, stock evaluation of commercial and non - commercial capital, disposal of enterprise debt and the use of land, and the settlement of retired people respectively. applying the modern theory of financial management, the article also gives its suggestion on the comprehensive evaluation on the companies during their stock reorganization and on the optimal allocation of capitals. according to the western experiences of developing high technology industries by venture investment and the prospect of the roles played by the forthcoming growth enterprise market, the article concludes that the sate medium - small high technology enterprises raising money from growth enterprise market through stock reorganization may be a shortcut for their development. a case of an " institute of automatization ", whose scheme was planned by the author for practice, is discussed throughout the paper

    本文在對我國國有中小企業改革現狀的分析基礎上，針對我國國有中小高新技術企業的現狀及股份制改組過程中的難點，對產權界定、國有資產管理、經營性和非經營性資產的剝離、凈資產的折股、企業債務和土地使用權的處理、離退休人員的安置等等問題，分別提出了具體的解決辦法。運用現代財務管理理論，提出了股份制改組過程中的公司整體價值評價方法及最佳資本結構確定的方法。在分析國外利用風險投資機制發展高新技術產業的經驗及即將推出的二板市場相關內容基礎上，明確提出國有中小型高新技術企業通過股份制改組最終到二板市場上市融資是其快速發展的途徑。
  10. First, we examine whether the momentum strategies and contrarian strategies can create significant profits under different formulation horizons and holding horizons, whether past factors ( market return, characteristic of individual stock ) can provide an important implication about the profits of momentum and contrarian strategies. second, we discuss the reasons for the significant profits of momentum or contrarian strategies, including seasonality, cross - sectional risk factors, time - varying risk premium, industry momentum, and stock underreaction, overreaction, and random walk. third, we discuss the link of time series predictability of stock returns and momentum profits, including stock underreation, overreaction, delayed reaction, and time - varying risk premium

    研究目的有四：其一，探討中國股市執行慣性策略或反向策略的顯著獲利模式及與各狀態因子（市場及個股狀態）的關系；其二，全面分析中國股市慣性與反向效應之潛在成因，包括截面風險因素、季節因素、時變的風險溢價、行業慣性效應以及行為金融模型與conradandkaul （ 1998 ）的隨機遊走觀點之爭論；其三，構建非效率市場之股票價格運動方程，並基於此，規范地演進慣性效應之時序生成途徑，包括反應不足、過度反應、滯后反應以及風險溢價的時變性；其四，探討中國股市中投資者的特殊信息反應模式，並以此來解讀中國股市的中短期過度反應與反應不足的現象，以及個股間的超前一滯后關系的表現模式及形成機理。
  11. The risk in respect of goods sold in transit passes to the buyer from the time of the conclusion of the contract

    對于在運輸途中銷售的貨物，從訂立合同時起，風險就移轉到買方承擔。
  12. In this paper, with the guidance of comprehensive principles in international economics, industry economics, development economics, management sciences and statistics, the feasibility of offshore renminbi finance was explored. through exploring the formation mechanism on how its interest and exchange rate would be formed, offshore renminbi internal operation mechanism was analyzed ; using the international comparison technique, the influence of the offshore remminbi finance and the corresponding operational methods to promote its development were researched. based on these studies, the feasible pathway, expecting risks and corresponding measures were derived ; the comparison superiority and global competitions capability of renminbi were qualitatively and quantitatively studied

    本文以國際經濟學、產業經濟學、發展經濟學、管理學、統計學等綜合理論為指導，對人民幣離岸的可行性進行了探討;通過探討離岸人民幣利率形成機制和匯率形成機制，對人民幣離岸金融內在運行機理進行了分析;採用國際對比的方法，對人民幣離岸金融的效應及促進其發展的政策措施進行了分析;並以此為基礎，對人民幣離岸發展的可行途徑、將面臨的風險和對策進行了探討;對人民幣比較優勢和國際競爭力進行定性和定量研究，為中國入世后進行金融業戰略性結構調整提供理論依據，並為政府有關部門提出對策建議。
  13. The author thinks, the positive elements of students " concepts of job sele ction are as follows : students can spontaneously combine the future of the co untry and themselves, with an increasing awareness of job selection independe ntly, an improving awareness of profession risks, a commonly strengthening a wareness of profession mobility and the remarkable need for high level

    筆者認為，當代大學生擇業觀的積極因素是主要的，表現在:大學生能自覺把個人前途與國家命運結合起來、擇業自主意識日益明顯、職業風險意識不斷提高、職業流動意識普遍增強、高層次的需要逐步凸現。
  14. The thesis constructs the system of civil compensate for environmental damage resulting from gene pollution in some aspects, such as liability principal, constitutive requirements, compensation principle, compensation range, compensation mode and certification of causality. the thesis thinks that some rules from traditional environmental tort should apply to environmental tort resulting from gmos, including no - fault liability, inferred causality and the inversion of the burden of proof. the thesis indicates china should found the funds for prevention of gene risk and create the system of funds for prevention of gene risk in some aspects, such as the mission of funds, resource of funds and operation of funds

    最後，本文認為，與傳統污染相比，基因污染有隱蔽性、增殖性、不可清除性和後果的不確定性等特點;基於風險防範原則和污染者負擔原則，從責任主體、構成要件、賠償原則、賠償范圍、賠償的類型、因果關系的鑒定等方面創造性地構建了gmos導致的環境損害民事賠償制度，主張傳統環境侵權中的無過錯責任原則、因果關系的推定和舉證責任的倒置等也應適用於gmos導致的環境侵權;鑒于傳統民事侵權賠償救濟的種種局限，本文強烈主張構建gmos損害賠償社會化救濟機制，即成立基因風險防範基金，並從基金的用途或任務、基金的來源和基金的具體運作等方面開拓性地建構了基因風險防範基金制度的雛形，設計了基因風險防範基金的兩個配套制度，即基因稅制和gmos強制責任保險制度。
  15. Secondly, aiming at the current situation of intangible assets investment in the parks, the shortcoming of the operation mechanism related to the intangible assets in the parks is analyzed. the theory basis about the capitalization of intangible assets is stated according to the economic theory of capital and revenue distribution, capital and economic effects. the paper presents the viewpoint that the capitalization of the intangible assets is the effective way to realize the sustainable development in the parks. the operation mechanism about the capitalization of the intangible assets is analyzed

    首先對農業科技園區、無形資產資本化的基本概念進行了界定，分析了農業無形資產的特殊性；其次針對我國農業科技園區中無形資產投入的現狀分析了農業科技園區中無形資產運行機制的弊端；根據經濟學關于資本與收益分配、資本與經濟效益的理論闡明了無形資產資本化的理論依據；提出了無形資產資本化是實現農業科技園區持續發展的有效途徑的觀點；分析了農業科技園區無形資產資本化的運行機制；最後對農業科技園區無形資產資本化過程中的產權界定、價值評估和風險及防範等問題作了進一步闡述。
  16. Theoretically speaking, there are many means to lightening primary product ' s market risk, for example, developing agricultural insurance, developing primary product ' s time - bargain, etc. thus according to the chinese present social and economic condition, improving the peasant systematization and developing peasant cooperated economic organization in the circulating field are the appropriate means to resist primary product ' s market risk, in the first part of this dissertation i have defined the concept of primary product ' s market risk, expatiated the premise term and reason which induces primary product ' s market risk, and described its basic character ; then applied statistical method to analyze primary product ' s market risk china is faced with, and indicated that the primary product ' s market risk has become a dominating risk of the agriculture ; following that, on the basis of describing category, originated mode, management style of the peasant cooperated economic organization in the circulating field, i illuminated its problem and offer the countermeasure ; in addition, i attach a case which can demonstrate the function of the peasant economic organization in the circulating field on the aspect of lightening the primary product ' s market risk

    從理論上來說，規避農產品市場風險的手段多種多樣，譬如開展農業保險、發展農產品期貨交易等，但是結合中國目前現實的社會經濟條件，提高農民的組織化程度，發展流通領域農民合作經濟組織才是目前抵禦農產品市場風險的現實途徑。本文開篇對農產品市場風險的概念進行了界定，並詳細論述了農產品市場風險產生的前提條件、形成的原因及其基本特徵；然後運用統計分析的方法對我國目前面臨的農產品市場風險進行了分析，並指出農產品市場風險是現階段我國農業面臨的主要風險；緊接著在闡述農民合作經濟組織的類型、發起方式、經營管理等的基礎上分析說明流通領域農民合作經濟組織可以切實有效地規避農產品市場風險；最後闡明流通領域農民合作經濟組織存在的問題，並給出了對策性建議，另外還附上一個實例說明流通領域農民合作經濟組織在規避農產品市場風險方面的作用。
  17. Then it offers some pieces of advice about technique construction and institution construction ; part two : the analysis of the problems about inner risk management and external supervision. then it gives suggestion in light of the practical station ; part three : the meaning and limitation in applying duration theory to interest rate risk management. based on the analysis, it takes modification ; part four : some policy suggestion to enhance the risk management level

    文章的主要內容有以下幾個方面:第一，系統的研究我國商業銀行的利率風險的形成機理，提出利率風險管理的技術建設和制度建設的建議;第二，較為詳盡的研究我國商業銀行面臨的內部管理風險和外部監管問題，並提出相應的對策;第三，分析久期技術在商業銀行利率風險管理中的意義和局限，給出運用的途徑和部分修正方法;第四，對我國運用久期技術可行性及約束條件進行探討，提出相應的對策，並指出深化金融改革，提高市場化程度是準確度量並成功化解利率風險的最根本前提條件。
  18. Meanwhile, we have to pay attention to the fact that the smes " trust concepts should be strengthened more, the function of the guarantee institutions should be standardized further, the scientific and unite credit evaluating standard for the smes should be set up, the risks and benefits between guarantee institutions and cooperative banks should be more appropriate and fair, in some places local governments still interfere with specific guarantee affairs, and the state trust & re - guarantee institutions for the smes have n ' t been founded to scare and control risk. . . according to all above problems, the article, focuses on the nucleus in the t & g system for smes ? he t & g institutions for smes, describes its basic system " s set - up model, ways to control risk and so on in detail. it discusses what roles other participants should play in the system construction including governments, financial institutions, the society and the smes themselves, in order to offer some valuable references on developing the social service system for smes, resolving the smes " difficulties in finance

    但是，我們又不得不看到，中小企業信用觀念仍需進一步加強；各地擔保機構的運作尚待進一步規范化；科學統一的企業資信評級制度亟待建立；擔保機構和協作銀行之間的風險和利益劃分應更加公平合理；個別地方仍存在著政府行政干預具體擔保業務的問題；用以分散和控制風險的國家中小企業信用再擔保機構尚未成立… …本文針對以上問題，以中小企業信用擔保體系的核心? ?中小企業信用擔保機構為重點，著重論述了其基本制度的建立模式以及風險控制的途徑等，同時就其它參與方，包括政府部門、金融機構、社會中介以及中小企業自身在體系建設中的角色扮演問題進行了探討，以期能夠在完善中小企業社會服務體系，解決我國中小企業融資難等問題上提供一些有益的參考。
  19. Cefr equipment reliability database is used mostly in following ways : providing equipment reliability parameters through equipment operation log and maintenance records analysis for cefr ' s pra and on - line risk monitor system. providing fault causes of related equipment through the equipment fault records and reason analysis in order to control spare parts macroscopically and adopt necessary improvement. providing curves of equipment fault characteristic through historical records of equipment fault for preventive maintenance

    Erd將是cefr的重要信息系統，它不僅可以提供設備原始特性參數，而且可以提供設備失效趨勢分析曲線， erd的主要用途如下： ?通過對設備運行記錄和維修記錄的分析給出設備可靠性參數，用於cefr的pra分析及風險管理系統； ?通過對設備失效記錄及原因分析給出相關設備失效的根本原因，以便從宏觀上控制備品備件或採取必要的改造； ?通過對設備失效歷史記錄的分析給出設備失效的特性曲線，提供預防性維修所需信息； ?另外erd在大修優化、 rcm 、定期試驗以及維修政策方面有重要的指導意義。
  20. In this foundation, it discusses the government regulations of non state - owned incubator from all aspects, firstly point out that the nature of the product of the scientific and techonology enterprise incubator is quasi - public goods, which might also be supposed to produce partially by the folk capital, and its scale mainly depends on its economic externality. the government should treat it the same as the state - owned business incubator, at the same time know and guard against its operation risk. and then this paper discuss the government ’ s function during the construction of this incubator, comprehensively analyzes the private vices and public benefits which are the internal paradox of the non state - owned business incubator, thinks that the nowadays paradox lays on the power insufficiency of the non state - owned incubator and the requestment of the three public benefits. and then gives some advice about the government ’ s management. in chapter 6, it sets up the key element system of the government ’ s service and regulation, the former includes the service constitunt element system and the service operation element system ; the latter points out the key points of regulation. finally this paper analyzes the case of the changsha government ’ s management of the non state - owned business incubator

    在此基礎上，對政府管理民營孵化器從不同角度進行了全面思考，首先指出科技企業孵化器服務產品的性質是準公共產品，這種產品可以也應該部分由民間資本投資生產，其提供的規模主要考慮產品的外部經濟性，政府應給予民營孵化器同等地位，同時認識並防範其運作風險。隨后，本文分析了政府在民營孵化器建設中的作用，對民營孵化器內生的矛盾? ?公益與私利關系進行了全面剖析，認為現階段矛盾實際表現為民營孵化器實力不足與滿足三大公益性目標要求之間的矛盾。接著指出了政府管理的途徑與方法，最後提出政策建議。
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