違法代價 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wéifǎdàijià]
違法代價 英文
illegal consideration
  • 違 : 動詞1. （不遵照; 不依從） disobey; defy; violate 2. （離別） part; leave; be separated
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 代 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） take the place of; be in place of 2 （代理） act on behalf of; acting Ⅱ名詞1 （歷...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 違法 : break the law; be illegal
  1. This paper brings forward one new method in the selection of supply chains cooperators : hierarch variable weight priority - degree evaluation method, it aims to solve some problem that which can not be solved with normal power integration methods, such as it can ' t take the demand of equilibrium and inspiritment into account, and it usually contraventions the principia that decision factors can not substitute each other

    摘要針對企業在選擇供應鏈合作夥伴時，常權綜合方法難以體現決策者對決策因素的均衡性要求和激勵性要求，以及常權綜合方法常常違背決策因素間不可替代性的弊病，提出了一種基於可拓理論和變權理論的新方法層次變權優度評價法。
  2. If landlord does not know inside information, or it is you did not allude on the agreement that rent the item about relet, and your privately undertook relet, so you should are break the law, at least landlord can look for your theory this matter or you should pay a few price for this, so you thed loss outweights the gain

    假如房東不知內情，或是你們在租賃協議上沒有提及關于轉租的事項，而你私自進行了轉租，那麼你應該算是違法，至少房東可以找你理論此事或你要為此付出一些代價，那麼你就得不償失了。
  3. As younger generation has been making the main part for the sake of the socialism building, taking shape voluntarily in their heart of hearts from the cognition, trusting and falling to rule of law, removing externally outside force, socialism rule of law possess the substantial community psychology base and subjective essence of community main part. the china community sequence possess cheaply controller of essence, but be able to withstand violative action and crime

    只有當青年一代成為了社會主義建設的主要主體，形成了排除外在強制的對法治的認知、歸屬和信賴的內心自覺時，社會主義法治才有了堅實的社會心理基礎，才有了社會主體的主體性精神，中國的社會秩序才會有廉價卻能自律抵禦違法犯罪的精神控制器。
  4. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  5. The reasons lie in that, firstly, some ba - sic conditions are ready to generate rule of law, but rather immature ; secondly, during the process of the construction of the order of rule of law in contemporary china, only the extrinsic values and the choices of extrinsic value objectives are emphasized while the intrinsic values and the pursuit of the intrinsic values of rule of law are ignored, which make things go contrary to wishes

    究其原因，一方面是中國的法治生成的一些基本條件已經具備，但相當不成熟，這種不成熟性就是上述現象產生的一個原因;另一方面是當代中國在法治秩序的建構過程中僅強調法治的外在價值及外在價值目標的選擇而過分忽視法治的內在價值及對法治的內在價值的追求所產生的事與願違的結果。
  6. Because our legal system belong to the common law, but anticipatory breach is the characteristic of english - american law, can anticipatory breach solve the problems in common law ? when the anticipatory breach is introduced, are there conflicts in the institution ? how to improve the anticipatory breach with these projblems with some faults and shortcomings ? this paper inquires these things in three parts. starting bread with the two outside forms of the auticipatory and the two outside forms of the auticipatory non - permermance, the first part of the passage inquires the value and the orcial base of the anticipatory breach by surveyingjit ' s origination and changing process under the origination and changing process under the special historical background. by comparing the anticipatory breach with counterargument right for security, the second part states a viewpoint that the former is superior is superior to the latter in protection parties " lawful rights though there are many similarities and differences between them. from this, we can come to a comclusion that the counterargument right for security is no substition for conticipetory breach and that the former should be part of the latter. the third party gives a detailed explanation of anticipatory breach in english ? american law systems in chinese system of anticipatory breach. finally, the anther makes some important suggestion : first, the subject of counterargument right for security should be attend to either party of the contract

    其價值在於使受害方能提前獲得法律上的救濟，防止其蒙受本來可以避免的損失。第二部分筆者通過對預期違約與不安抗辯權的比較研究，對我國《合同法》應如何處理、協調來自不同法系的這兩項並不完全相同的法律制度的關系提出了自己的觀點。筆者認為不安抗辯權是通過對合同利益期待權的保護，實現法律「公平」和「安全」的價值，而預期違約除標示上述價值目標外，更是法律對「效率違約」這一經濟理論的認可，顯示了法律對「效益」這一價值目標的追求，從而提出預期違約與不安杭辮權二者制度功能相似而制度構造不同，預期違約制度較之不安杭辮權更有利於保護當事人的合法權益，由此得出我國《合同法》中不安抗辮權不僅不能替代預期違約，而是預期違約應該吸納不安抗辮權的結論
  7. Three litigation certified concepts have their own background, through the comparative analysis among formal true concept, external true concept and legal true concept, it is clearly testified that formal true concept only has half sense, and cannot satisfies the requirement of modern litigation, therefore it cannot be the concept of modern litigated certification. the main defects of formal true concept are replacing reality by ideality, magnifying the cognition ability of lawsuit truth of human beings, violating the requirement of program value concept, and blocking the development of the modern judicatory reformation. legal true concept dose not exclude the formal true concept, and it a ccords with the cognition relativism, litigation certified relativism and program value concept, therefore, it can be the directive litigation certified concept of china ' s judicatory reformation

    訴訟證明標準理論研究應從證明標準理念、證明訴訟的法律規定和證明標準的現實把握三個層面進行，訴訟證明標準理念包括形式真實理念、法律真實理念和客觀真實理念，三種訴訟證明理念各有其形成的時代背景，通過對形式真實理念、客觀真實理念和法律真實理念全面的比較分析，可以清晰明了地證明，形式真實理念充其量具有半理性的特徵，不能滿足現代訴訟的要求，因而不可能作為現代訴訟證明理念；客觀真實理念存在的主要缺陷是用理想代替現實，誇大了人對案件事實的認識能力，違背了程序價值理論的要求，與目前的司法改革的價值取向發生沖突，阻礙了當前司法改革的進程；法律真實理念並不排斥客觀真實理念，符合認識相對論、訴訟證明相對論和程序價值理論，因此應作為指導我國司法改革的訴訟證明理念。
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